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A general disregard for literary works of eighteenth-century Latin America continues to characterize scholars attitudes towards the era. The prevailing past and current scholarly approaches to these works have portrayed them as second-rate, overly Baroque and valueless. I argue that these negative perceptions have remained stagnant not because of their innate inferiority, but rather because of many scholars inadequacies in correctly interpreting their intentionality. To further this assertion, I focus on the analysis of the famed eighteenth-century playwright Eusebio Vela and his play Comedia nueva del apostolado en las Indias martirio de un cacique (Comedia nueva del apostolado). I analyze the ways in which the intentionality within Comedia nueva del apostolado becomes more apparent when it is understood as a participant in the large-scale cultural indoctrination campaign promoted by the Bourbon monarchy and influenced by the Enlightenment. The primary sources I reference that allow for enlightenment-influenced elements to surface within the play include José Antonio Maravalls Politica directiva en el teatro ilustrado and Ignacio de Luzáns La Poética o reglas de la poesía en general y de sus principales especies. My textual analysis covers the ways in which Comedia nueva del apostolado indoctrinates Bourbon values through historical revisionism and character construction. By appropriating a foundational story and manipulating characters to reflect model subjects, Vela was able to promote an ideal Bourbon society where monarch-vassal relations were redefined, natives were given a societal role and traditionally powerful sectors of society were limited in their authoritative scope.

<p> In the two decades prior to the 2008 financial crisis, the Mexican government pursued policies aimed at liberalizing markets, while simultaneously trying to ensure the stability of the peso. These policies consisted of monetary and fiscal controls to keep inflation low and free trade agreements to reduce Mexico's dependence on the United States. The policies significantly reduced the country's public deficit and were implemented in hopes that they would help reduce the country's exposure to currency crises. </p><p> Yet, despite all provisions the Mexican government put in place, the country's peso still lost two percent of its value in the first three days following the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, the US-based investment firm. The loss was significant given the average appreciation of the peso in the months leading up to the crisis was one percent <i>per month,</i> and given that not enough time had passed to fully understand the impact that bankruptcy would have had on Mexico. By the following Monday, the peso recovered all of its lost value, suggesting that investors were uncertain about the true impact the events unfolding in the United States would have on Mexico's economy. It also suggested that the uncertainty and negative sentiment within the market during the initial week of the global crisis played a stronger role in the rapid depreciation and recovery of the peso than changes in market fundamentals. </p><p> Using an inductive analysis of the historical events, this thesis suggests the circumstances in which sentiment engendered by mainstream media and distributed through digital channels during the financial crisis could have contributed to the dramatic short-term swings in the price of the peso. Specifically, this paper focuses on the new, digital information technologies, their use among investors as a means for financial research, and the role of high-frequency trading (HFT) algorithms in initiating information cascades. HFT algorithms account for nearly 70 percent of daily trading volume in financial markets and can magnify negative market sentiment among rational investors. Utilizing historical trading data for the peso and headlines and tweets published by the Thomson Reuters news group during the crisis, I seek to illustrate the correlations between market sentiment manifest in digital media and the price movements of the peso, indicating possible herd behavior tendencies in the form of information cascades. </p><p> Though it is not possible to empirically separate the market movements of informed decision-makers from the information cascades of investors and HFT algorithms reacting to media, the fact that information cascades can and do exist as demonstrated by specific examples in this paper has significant implications for the Mexican peso. The existence of information cascades implies that having strong macroeconomic fundamentals is no longer an adequate safe guard against the immediate impacts of external crises. As social media becomes the main source of breaking news and market sentiment for mainstream media and investors, it becomes vital for emerging countries such as Mexico to monitor social platforms for sentiment related to the domestic economy in order to proactively address investor pessimism. Finally, emerging country governments can utilize these platforms to push out relevant and truthful information about the economy in order to diminish investor uncertainty and minimize the impact of externally-induced information cascades.</p>

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<p> Osvaldo Golijov wrote the unaccompanied cello piece, <i>Omaramor </i> as an homage to the famous Argentinian tango singer, Carlos Gardel. In this project report, <i>Omaramor</i> will be examined through a historical and cultural lens, including a reflection on past performances. This project will examine recordings and programming to learn more about the historical and cultural significance of this piece in order to benefit future cellists&rsquo; interpretation of the piece.</p>

The importance of an adequate description of the general population from which a researcher is sampling is a central premise of all epidemiological and public health research. Racial and ethnic categories are a critical part of that characterization, since health disparities often emerge along those dividing lines. Mexico, however, is a country that for centuries attempted to create a national narrative of mestizaje, or mixing, effectively arguing that Mexicans were all one cosmic race. This thesis draws on two peer-reviewed Mexican public health journals, the Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, published by the Pan American Health Organization from 1997 to the present, and Salud Pública de México, published by the Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública from 1959 to the present, to explore the racial and ethnic categories used in the Mexican public health literature on nutrition over the past 50 years. I argue in this paper that the ideology of mestizaje extends to the public health and epidemiological literature on nutrition and obesity published in Mexico about Mexicansâthat the racial and ethnic categories that are so central to health disparities research are elided and subsumed by this national ideology, with potential ramifications not only for public health research and policy, but for the health of Mexicans in general.

The history and significance of the black population in Argentina has only begun to be researched in earnest in the last four decades. This work will focus on mestizaje and blackness in Argentina, analyzing the experiences of Afro-Argentines in the nation-building process between 1870 and 1910. Particular focus will be given to how Afro-Argentines grappled with the âdisappearanceâ of their community in this same time period. Rather than unambiguous physical âdisappearanceâ of the Afro-Argentine caused by death in wars or epidemics, this work will explore the idea that the Afro-Argentine was also rapidly and thoroughly incorporated into a larger âArgentine race.â Using predominantly primary sources, this work will provide a more nuanced look at this aspect of the Afro-Argentine âdisappearance,â as well as the how ideas of blackness have filtered into contemporary Argentine culture.