Utah’s water resources are endangered by low rainfall rates, high per capita water consumption and a strong projected increase of residents. The irrigation of ornamental plant landscaping is estimated to account for 60% of residential water use, and is, therefore, a target of education programs in the effort to promote water conservancy. The water-wise “Yellow Tag” program developed by the Utah Division of Water Resources seeks to provide retail nurseries with free tags for labeling plants which are considered low water use with the objective of promoting water conservation. The objective of this study is to determine consumer preferences for plants labeled with the Yellow Tag. As a means of measuring consumer preference we use willingness-to-pay (WTP). We give participants the choice between daylily, spiderwort and neither. Choice alternatives differ in flower color, purported irrigation need, production location and price. The data for this study was collected through an online survey instrument applied to 463 participants residing in the state of Utah. Our results show that consumers prefer daylilies labeled with the Yellow Tag, and dislike spiderwort labeled with a high irrigation need. Special preference for Yellow Tag labeled ornamentals was found for respondents who are female, living in single houses, are concerned about the price of water and are drought aware. We do not find a preference for flower color or production location. These promising results may encourage Utah governmental and education agencies to continue the Water-Wise program, expand educational programs to increase drought awareness and help retailers optimize their future product mixes.

Objective. The objective of the current study was to evaluate critical nutrients of industrialized foods and compare them with the technical parameters established in the Peruvian regulations, in its two stages of implementation, referring to front-of-package labeling before the beginning of its validity in June 2019. Methods. Cross-sectional study in which the critical nutrients of sodium, total sugar, saturated fat and transfat were analyzed from data declared in the nutritional labels of 511 processed and ultra-processed foods that were part of the products purchased for the consumption of 88 families of students from one private university in Lima. The technical parameters used to evaluate the critical nutrients are those established in the Regulation of Law 30021. All analyses were carried out with Excel and SPSS version 21, Student’s t-statistics and McNemar’s test were used. Results. 79 processed foods and 432 ultra-processed foods were analyzed. Of the total processed and ultra-processed products evaluated, it was found that for sodium 14.3% and 37.2% respectively exceeded the parameters in the first and second stages established in the regulations; for sugar 54.2% and 62.6%; while for saturated fats 52.8% and 59.5%, respectively. Solid foods are those that will have the greatest changes in front labeling between the first and second stages of implementation, unlike liquids that without changing the composition of their products, their front labeling would not vary significantly. Conclusions. The saturated fat present in solid products (processed and ultra-processed), exceeds the parameters in both stages of implementation in most products. Of the foods compared, regardless of type and category, the critical nutrient sugar was the one that was highly present in most of the products evaluated for the first and second stages of implementation. / Revisión por pares

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Gas-phase ion/ion covalent modification was coupled to ion mobility/mass spectrometry analysis to directly correlate the structure of gaseous ubiquitin to its solution structures with selective covalent structural probes. Collision cross-section (CCS) distributions were measured prior to ion/ion reactions to ensure the ubiquitin ions were not unfolded when they were introduced to the gas phase. Ubiquitin ions were electrosprayed from aqueous and methanolic solutions yielding a range of different charge states that were analyzed by ion mobility and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Aqueous solutions stabilizing the native state of ubiquitin generated folded ubiquitin structures with CCS values consistent with the native state. Denaturing solutions favored several families of unfolded conformations for most of the charge states evaluated. Gas-phase covalent labeling via ion/ion reactions was followed by collision-induced dissociation of the intact, labeled protein to determine which residues were labeled. Ubiquitin 5+ and 6+ electrosprayed from aqueous solutions were covalently modified preferentially at the lysine 29 and arginine 54 residues, indicating that elements of secondary structure, as well as tertiary structure, were maintained in the gas phase. On the other hand, most ubiquitin ions produced in denaturing conditions were labeled at various other lysine residues, likely due to the availability of additional sites following methanol and low pH-induced unfolding. These data support the conservation of ubiquitin structural elements in the gas phase. The research presented here provides the basis for residue-specific characterization of biomolecules in the gas phase.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20583号 / 工博第4363号 / 新制||工||1678(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科合成・生物化学専攻 / (主査)教授 浜地 格, 教授 森 泰生, 教授 白川 昌宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21799号 / 工博第4616号 / 新制||工||1719(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科合成・生物化学専攻 / (主査)教授 浜地 格, 教授 跡見 晴幸, 教授 秋吉 一成 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

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Projection neurons of nucleus accumbens (NAC) of the rat were identified by either antidromic activation from stimulation of midbrain ventral tegmental area-substantia nigra (VTA-SN) regions, or by tracing axons of intracellularly labeled NAC neurons into the ventral pallidum. The morphology of these NAC projection neurons were determined to be medium spiny neurons similar to those identified in the caudate-putamen.

In an attempt to synthesize a photoreactive geranylcysteine derivative, A, with an appropriate photoprobe to be studied as a mimic for farnesylated protein, B, the following syntheses were carried out. The hydroxyl group of geraniol was protected with DHP/PPTs to generate 1 (98.1%). Allylic oxidation of 1 by using TBHP/SeO2 yielded 2 (31.5%). A modified oxidation increased the yield of 2 (34.4%). Treatment of 2 with BTC/pyridine afforded 3 (86.0%). Reaction of 3 with NaN3/DMF gave 8 and 9 (49.4%). Deprotection of this mixture under PPTs/EtOH afforded 10 and 11 (64.1%). Because of the unexpected reaction of 3 with N3-, we focused on alternative target molecules 12 and 13 (Figure 7). Our attempts to synthesize the first intermediates 14 and 15 in the syntheses of 12 and 13 (Scheme 14 and Scheme 15) have resulted in the isolation of the unreacted starting material.

Semantic role labeling has become a popular natural language processing task in recent years. A number of conferences have addressed this task for the English language and many different approaches have been applied to the task. In particular, some have used a memory-based learning approach. This thesis further develops the memory-based learning approach to semantic role labeling through the use of analogical modeling of language. Data for this task were taken from a previous conference (CoNLL-2005) so that a direct comparison could be made with other algorithms that attempted to solve this task. It will be shown here that the current approach is able to closely compare to other memory-based learning systems on the same task. Future work is also addressed.