Orientador: Jose Guilherme Cecatti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T09:14:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guerra_GlauciaVirginiadeQueirozLins_D.pdf: 2929113 bytes, checksum: 54c7b830383d166f725dcf970e08b726 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência da indução médica e eletiva do trabalho de parto, métodos utilizados, índice de sucesso, fatores associados e resultados maternos e perinatais em oito países da América Latina. Método: Foi realizada a análise referente à indução do trabalho de parto no banco de dados da Pesquisa "2005 WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health", referente a oito países aleatoriamente selecionados da América Latina. Obtiveram-se os dados individuais de todas as mulheres que tiveram seus partos em 120 instituições, no período do estudo. Avaliaram-se as indicações de indução por país, a taxa de sucesso por método, os fatores associados à indução e os resultados maternos e perinatais comparativamente aos partos iniciados espontaneamente (primeira abordagem). Após foi feita uma análise independente da indução eletiva comparada com o início espontâneo do trabalho de parto entre gestações de baixo risco, para avaliar os fatores associados a essa prática e seus resultados maternos e perinatais (segunda abordagem). Foram estimados os odds ratios (OR) para os possíveis fatores associados à indução e as razões de risco (RR) para os resultados maternos e perinatais, com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC95%). Posteriormente, foram aplicados os modelos de regressão logística múltipla para o ajuste dos riscos estimados. Resultados: Do total de 97.095 partos do inquérito, 11.077 (11,4%) foram induzidos. Os hospitais públicos foram responsáveis por 74,2% das induções. A ruptura prematura das membranas (25,3%) e a indução eletiva (28,9%) foram as indicações mais freqüentes. A taxa de sucesso de parto vaginal foi de 70.4%, com 69.9% para a ocitocina e 74.8% para o misoprostol, os principais métodos isoladamente utilizados. O risco de indução do parto foi maior em mulheres com mais de 35 anos, com companheiro, nulíparas, sem cesárea no parto anterior, com rotura de membranas, hipertensão arterial, baixa altura uterina, diabetes, anemia grave, com menor número de consultas de pré-natal, pós-datismo, apresentação cefálica e naquelas que deram a luz em hospitais do seguro social. As complicações maternas mais associadas com a indução do parto foram a necessidade de uterotônicos no período pós-parto, laceração perineal, histerectomia, admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva, permanência hospitalar maior que 7 dias e maior necessidade de procedimentos analgésicos. Já os resultados perinatais desfavoráveis mais freqüentes foram Apgar menor que sete ao quinto minuto, ocorrência de muito baixo peso, admissão em UTI neonatal e início mais tardio da amamentação. Em relação à análise da indução eletiva entre gestantes de baixo risco, não foi encontrada diferença na taxa de cesariana e nos resultados perinatais, porém ocorreu maior necessidade do uso de uterotônico no pós-parto, risco cinco vezes maior de histerectomia pós-parto e maior necessidade de procedimentos de anestesia/analgesia. Conclusão: Na América Latina a taxa global de indução do trabalho de parto foi um pouco maior que 10%, enquanto a de indução eletiva entre gestantes de baixo risco foi de 4,9%. A taxa de sucesso para o parto vaginal foi elevada independentemente do método e da indicação da indução. Há, contudo, alguns riscos maternos e perinatais associados com essa prática, seja ela eletiva ou não / Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of both medical and elective labor induction as well as employed methods, success rates, associated factors and maternal and perinatal outcomes in eight Latin American countries. Methods: it was performed an analysis on labor induction in the database of the "2005 WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health" on deliveries occurring in eight randomly allocated Latin American countries. Data of all women who gave birth to children in the 120 included institutions during the period of the study were collected. The indications for labor induction according to the country, the success rate for each method, the factors associated with labor induction as well as maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared with deliveries with spontaneous onset of labour (Approach 1). A second independent analysis on elective induction compared with spontaneous onset of labor in low-risk pregnancies was performed in order to evaluate factors associated with elective labor induction and also maternal and perinatal outcomes (Approach 2). The odds ratios (OR) for possible factors associated with labor induction and the risk ratios (RR) for maternal and perinatal outcomes, with respective confidence interval (95%CI) for all types of labor induction and for elective induction were estimated. Additionally, multiple logistic regressions were applied to adjust the estimated risks. Results: Among the total 97,095 deliveries included in the survey, 11,077 (11.4%) underwent labor induction. Public hospitals accounted for 74.2% of them. Premature rupture of membranes (25.3%) and elective induction (28.9%) were the most frequent indications. The success rate in obtaining vaginal delivery was 70.4%. Oxitocin and misoprostol - the most employed methods - had success rates of 69.9% and 74.8%, respectively. Labor induction occurred more frequently in women older than 35 years, with a partner, nulipara, without cesarean section in the last pregnancy, ruptured membranes, hypertension, low fundal height, diabetes, severe anemia, vaginal bleeding, few prenatal visits, post term, cephalic presentation and those who gave birth in social security hospitals. The most frequent maternal complications associated with labor induction were need for uterotonic agents in postpartum period, perineal laceration, need for hysterectomy, and admission to intensive care unit, length of hospital stay above seven days and increased need of anesthetic/analgesic procedures. The most frequent adverse perinatal outcomes were low 5-minute Apgar score, very low birth-weight, admission to neonatal intensive care unit and delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Concerning elective induction in low-risk pregnancies there was no difference in cesarean section rate or perinatal outcome. However, there were increased needs for uterotonic agents in the postpartum period and for analgesic/anesthetic procedures, and a further than fivefold risk for postpartum hysterectomy. Conclusions: In Latin America, the overall labor induction rate was slightly more than 10%, while for elective indication among low risk pregnancies it was 4.9%. The vaginal delivery rate was high irrespective of the method or indication. However, there are some maternal and perinatal risks associated with this intervention, in spite of medically or electively indicated. / Doutorado / Tocoginecologia / Doutor em Tocoginecologia

Le déclenchement du travail est une procédure obstétricale qui consiste à provoquer le travail afin que la femme puisse vivre un accouchement vaginal dans les 24 à 48 heures suivant l’initiation de la procédure (Leduc et al., 2013). Cependant, le déclenchement du travail peut ne pas fonctionner entraînant la nécessité de procéder à un accouchement par césarienne après un travail d’une durée de plus de 24 heures. Cette étude qualitative visait à explorer l’expérience de femmes qui ont vécu un échec du déclenchement du travail résultant en une césarienne non planifiée. Cette étude a été menée auprès de 6 femmes durant leur séjour hospitalier post-partum. Les données ont été obtenues à l’aide d’un questionnaire sociodémographique, du dossier médical des participantes et d’un entretien semi-dirigé. Les entretiens semi-dirigés ont été enregistrés, avec l’accord des participantes, puis transcrits et analysés selon l’approche d’analyse thématique de Braun, Clarke, Hayfield et Terry (2019). Cinq thèmes et 12 sous-thèmes ont émergé de l’analyse thématique permettant de mieux saisir l’expérience des femmes vivant un échec du déclenchement du travail résultant en une césarienne. Les thèmes : Les attentes envers l’expérience, Le soutien reçu, La qualité et quantité de l’information reçue ainsi que Le sentiment de contrôle envers l’expérience semblent influencer la satisfaction ou l’insatisfaction de la participante envers son expérience et contribuent au thème global de l’Expérience globale de l’échec du déclenchement du travail résultant en une césarienne. Les infirmières ont un rôle important afin de communiquer l’information aux patientes et de les soutenir quant au déclenchement du travail leur permettant de mieux gérer leurs attentes et exercer le contrôle désiré envers leur expérience. / Induction of labor is an obstetric procedure which consists of inducing labor so that women can experience a vaginal birth within 24 to 48 hours after the initiation of the procedure (Leduc et al., 2013). The induction of labor may not work resulting in the need for a caesarean delivery after lasting more than 24 hours. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experience of women who had experienced labor induction failure resulting in an unplanned caesarean section. This study was conducted with 6 women in the postpartum unit during their hospitalisation. Data were collected from a socio-demographic questionnaire, the participants’ medical chart as well as a semi-structured interview. After participants’ consent, the semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed, then analysed using the Braun, Clarke, Hayfield and Terry (2019) thematic analysis approach. Five themes and 12 sub-themes emerged to better capture the experience of women experiencing labor induction failure resulting in a caesarean. Four themes: Expectation of Labor and Delivery: Managing Expectations, Antepartum and Intrapartum Support Received, Comprehensive Information Needed, and Feeling in Control of the Experience emerged as influencing the participant's satisfaction or dissatisfaction towards their Global Experience of a Failed Induction of Labor Resulting in a Ceserean Section. Nurses have a strategic role and are key support professionals in communicating information and supporting women during induction of labor, allowing them to better manage their expectations and have the desired level of control over their experience.