No description available.

Welfare and questions regarding social security have historically been a concern of the nation state, but the development of the European Union’s integration project has created a necessity for an international legal framework that covers that specific field. It has been found that international cooperation on welfare issues is not such an easy task, and numerous scholars have given different answers to why this has been the case. The purpose of this study is to examine if there exists a path dependency in the argumentations in the European parliamentary debates through the following research question: Is it able to see signs of path dependency concerning welfare regimes in the debates of the European parliament and do these affect how far the EU is willing to go concerning the development of the social citizenship, or has this more to do with the ideological stances between party group affiliations? Gösta Esping-Andersen suggests an almost path dependent development of welfare regimes and suggests that they have an impact on political behavior, and his theory on welfare regimes has been used in this study.  This study has been conducted through an analysis of plenary debates in the European parliament between the years 2001-2010 using Toulmin's argumentation analysis model which focuses on deducing underlying warrants in the statements. Based on this model, the result is that the debates are an ideological conflict. The difference in opinion between the representatives are rather ideologically influenced than based on the path dependence of welfare regimes.

M.A. (Sociology) / Over the past few decades, South African institutions have responded to a prevailing human rights discourse and pressures from the state and labour unions to put a range of key policies in place. Amongst these, family-friendly policies have gained acceptance and prominence. This study explores and analyses the use of family-friendly policies in a major South African bank and establishes reasons why bank staff do and do not make use of such policies, as well as the ways in which the available policies cater for their particular needs. The research probes the experiences of both male and female employees within this South African bank, the challenges that they face and the agency that they display in balancing their work and family lives by making use of the family-friendly policies within the institution. In-depth qualitative interviews and a documentary study of existing policy are the main methods of the study. The sample was comprised of 18 participants with children of 12 years and younger, two childless participants and one union representative. The final analysis reveals that, in general, the participants were reasonably content with the policies that the bank provides and viewed them as adequate. However, they were of the view that more benefits should be forthcoming and that there should be greater consistency in the application of policies. They also raised the inability of staff to discuss personal issues affecting their work efforts with management. Weber suggested that employees in large-scale bureaucracies accept the legal authority of the institution – its rules, functions and hierarchies. The bank as a bureaucracy does indeed frame employees’ social action; however, in present-day South Africa, policy, unlike being what Weber envisaged, is humanising and enabling, rather than constraining, and bank employees are able to exercise their autonomy to make policy work in their favour.

Over decades, job satisfaction has generated active empirical research. Similarly, organizational commitment, another attitudinal variable in the work domain, strongly related to, but distinctly different from job satisfaction, received comparatively equal research scrutiny. However, research on the impact of labour broking on employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment is nonexistent in Namibia. Using a quantitative approach, within a positivist paradigm, the purpose of this thesis was to examine the impact of labour broking on employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment as well as to determine the dynamics that mediate such experiences. These experiences were examined through a 5-dimensional, 72-item Job Descriptive Index and a 3-dimensional, 12-item Organizational Commitment Questionnaire over a sample size of 108 temporary and permanent employees, drawn through random probability sampling in a number of Namibian organizations that make use of labour hire services. These experiences were further amplified by face-to-face interviews over a sub sample of 20 employees. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square, correlation, t-tests and multiple regression techniques of the STATISTICA software. Drawing on the principles of the multi dimensional theory of organizational commitment, the Cornell dispositional theory of job satisfaction and the temporary employee stigmatization model, results revealed that variables of employment status, tenure, inadequate income, inappropriate supervision and fear of job losses ahead of a newly proposed piece of legislat st labour hire ractices significantly influenced job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees. Estimates indicate that for a mere change in tenure, job satisfaction levels will significantly rise by 0.26 units, whereas organizational commitment will augment by 0.03 units. However, for every N$ fall in employees’ pay, we can expect job satisfaction levels to decrease by 26%, but with significant effects. The study recommends that organizations must adopt policies that grant permanent tenure to all their employees, position them in respected and challenging jobs in which they will grow skills and ensure that all employees are remunerated with pay that signals their contribution to the organizations. In doing so, the negative effects of labour broking will disappear and employees will be satisfied with their jobs and Tommitted to their organizations.

The central concern of this study is to analyse how the pattern of development in South Africa has influenced the long term growth of productive employment in the economy. The approach adopted is to appply a model of economic dualism to the South African case. Chapter 1, p. 1.

Orientador: Anselmo Luís dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T17:23:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GorospeIbuan_Julie_M.pdf: 1076088 bytes, checksum: ef02f878c4c8a319c422f6656a5b3638 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A flexibilização das regras de proteção social do trabalho, uma das expressões do movimento mais geral do capitalismo em sua feição neoliberal, iniciou seu processo de institucionalização nas Filipinas a partir de 1990. Esse é o marco de um processo por meio do qual as Filipinas vêm progressivamente abandonando suas aclamadas políticas trabalhistas informadas pelo princípio de proteção aos trabalhadores, na incansável busca para alcançar a competitividade internacional segundo prescrita pelo ideário Neoliberal. A Nação Filipina, necessitando atrair investimentos externos diretos, tem sido vulnerável às pressões das forças neoliberais e das finanças, lideradas por agentes não estatais como o Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI), o Banco Mundial, BID, e as corporações transnacionais. Inspirada nessas forças, vem promovendo reformas estruturais que incluem: ajuste nas políticas econômicas e sociais, reformas trabalhistas, desregulamentação de indústrias tradicionalmente protegidas, privatização de estatais e flexibilização do mercado de trabalho. Nesse cenário, empregadores fazem uso da flexibilização de várias formas, impactando a remuneração e as horas de trabalho, o leque da proteção social, as formas de contratação e a organização dos trabalhadores, em meio à indução de massiva migração de trabalhadores do setor formal para o informal. Cada vez mais o mercado de trabalho filipino se desestrutura, expondo os trabalhadores à precarização, ao subemprego e ao desemprego, num cenário de grandes inseguranças. O presente trabalho analisa a regulação social do trabalho filipina no período de 1990-2009 mostrando como a onda liberal tem impactado o mundo do trabalho, o Judiciário, com reflexos no seu até então tradicional viés protetor, bem como a constituição das políticas sociais e a regulação pública do trabalho. Ainda, busca desnudar o mito de que a flexibilização do mercado e das normas de proteção ao trabalho é um antídoto ao desemprego, garantindo e maior participação da força de trabalho e melhor estruturação do mercado de trabalho. Para tanto, apresenta um balanço das políticas filipinas voltadas ao trabalho, das leis trabalhistas flexibilizadoras e das algumas decisões do Judiciário em casos relacionados ao tema / Abstract: Labor flexibilization, one of the expressions of capitalism general movement in the era of neoliberalism, has become institutionalized in the Philippines from 1990 onwards. The Philippines has steadily abandoned its once acclaimed pro-worker labor policies, in its quest to achieve the international competitiveness prescribed by neoliberalists. The Philippines, desperate for foreign direct investments, has been vulnerable to pressure from the forces of neoliberalism and finacialization led by non-state actors like the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and transnational corporations. Thus, the Philippines has adopted structural reforms prescribed by these forces. These reforms include the amendment of key economic and labor laws and policies, the deregulation of once protected industries, the privatization of state enterprises and assets, and the flexibilization of the labor market. As a result, employers resort to flexibilization in its various forms, impacting on working hours remuneration, social protection, ways of contracting, unionization and security of tenure, and inducing a massive migration of workers from the formal to the informal sector. More and more workers have become exposed to precarization, underemployment, and unemployment. In this study of the Philippine situation during the period 1990-2008, the author discusses how, against this tide, the judiciary?s sympathy for workers is being reduced by neoliberalist laws and flexibilization policies. The neoliberalist myth that labor flexibilization guarantees higher participation of the labor force as an antidote to massive unemployment is thus exposed, mainly through the author?s enumeration of new laws and policies as well as judiciary decided cases / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

It is increasingly recognized that manpower planning and policies are a major component of a country's development efforts. The purpose of this study is to examine the labor market in Jordan and to identify the main determinants of employment (labor force) during the period from 1961 to 1987 in order to advise policy makers as to the best course of action to achieve full employment. This period was divided into two periods: 1961 to 1972 and 1973 to 1987 for comparative purposes. The socio-economic and political framework of the labor market, as well as the labor policies during the period were examined in an effort to determine the determinants affecting the labor market in the two periods. The findings of this study reveal that Jordan's labor market and policies over the last three decades have been influenced by changes and events not only in Jordan, but by changes and events in the entire region. The study also indicates that factors influencing the labor market differ under different conditions. The impact of the independent variables tested in this study differ between the two periods, 1961 to 1972 and 1973 to 1987. Policy which may serve the country's best interest during the time of instability and crisis may not be in the country's best interest in time of stability and peace.

Contemporary labor social security is an important social institution established to combat risks of human life under urbanization. It has close connection with the mass rural-urban migration in the process of industrialization. Since the 1980s reform and open door in China, huge number of peasants has crowded to the cities looking for jobs. This has created the ever largest migration movement in human history and posed grave challenges to the existing labor social security system. On the basis of a comprehensive review of the legal documents and field interviews in the city of Hangzhou, an attempt was made in this study to review the evolution and the practice of rules and regulations relating to the labor social security, analyze the causes of the labor social security rights deprivation, and explore the social inclusion strategies from developmental welfare perspective. / The findings suggest that: (1) The migrant workers have now enjoyed the same basic labor social security rights as the urban workers in terms of rules and regulations; (2) The deficiency of the labor protection in practice is mainly the consequences of the distorted social development: the surplus supply of labor market, the transformation of labor social security system, the problem of the rules and regulations and their executions; (3) Developmental welfare strategies in terms of human and social capital investment help the migrant workers improve their position in the labor market and get access to labor social security; and (4) Apart from implementing developmental welfare strategies, the positive discrimination policy should be endorsed in order to achieve the aim of the wellness of social development and change the disadvantaged position of the migrant workers. / This study takes social development theory as the core concept, and regards the social exclusion of labor social security as the result of distorted social development, and proposes a policy orientation that combines developmentalism and positive discrimination. The study not only overcomes the limit of developmental welfare theory which pays emphasis on long-term goals and neglects immediate aids, but also promotes the realization of labor social security rights from both its consequences and causes. / 方巍. / 呈交日期: 2006年12月. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(p. 266-311). / Cheng jiao ri qi: 2006 nian 12 yue. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-08, Section: A, page: 3616. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Can kao wen xian (p. 266-311). / Fang Wei.

The role of inequality in development has been the subject of long-standing debates in academic and policy circles. Notwithstanding disagreements about exactly how the two are linked, conventional wisdom agrees that inequality is an objective 'fact' that can be measured free from ideological considerations. New data detect trends towards higher inequality, weaker economic positions for those at the bottom, and a concentration of wealth at the very top of the distribution in most regions. Inequality studies as currently practiced are ill-equipped to accommodate the empirical changes and the resulting theoretical implications. Putting an end to over half a century of mainstream consensus assuming that inequality would automatically recede with developmental progress, the discipline needs rethinking. My thesis proposes a new research agenda for studying inequality that is not only able to integrate these empirical developments, but which also challenges what has been taken for granted: that inequality just is, independently of context, time and observer. Instead, it proposes that along with its objective existence, inequality is a relational phenomenon subjectively experienced relative to a particular context. In five interconnected Sections, my dissertation challenges conventional views of how inequality looks, how it is seen, and what can be done about it, especially in developing countries. The study focuses on the ways in which inequality is perceived, and how it is perpetuated. After an introduction to the subject in Section I, Section II investigates how inadequate measurement perpetuates inequality, proposing a new indicator that shows that inequality is largely defined in the extreme ends of the income distribution. Section III examines the reproduction of inequality at the bottom, contrasting minimum wage policies over recent decades in Mexico with those of other countries in Latin America. In light of a political economy resistant to change, Section IV scrutinizes Mexican elites, exploring how inequality is perceived from the very top of the income distribution, how this affects policy-making and, subsequently, measured inequality levels. Section V concludes by outlining the theoretical and practical implications of my findings.

Qualified and capable working age autistics face an 83% unemployment rate, thus, straining the economy and deteriorating their quality of life. This research examines potential contributing factors by inquiring what hiring agents' beliefs may be influencing their selection of qualified autistic candidates. This quantitatively weighted, concurrent, mixed methods (QUAN > qual), multiple linear regression study measured the influence of hiring agents' control, normative, and behavioral beliefs upon their selection of qualified autistic candidates. Through the theoretical lens of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, conceptually crystallized with other validated theories; a representative, simple, random probability sample of hiring agents throughout the contiguous United States (n = 212) participated in this study. This model statistically significantly identified hiring agents' beliefs influencing their selection of qualified autistic candidates to fill open positions (F(45, 73) = 36.067, p < .001, adj. R2 = .930). The inclusion of autistics in organizational diversity policies and practices (B = 0.266), overcoming dependability stereotypes (B = 0.195), and the fear of embarrassment (B = 0.187) were the most significant (p < .001) quantitative influencers. Participants (30%) qualitatively conveyed a desire for comprehensive autistic education. Future study should explore public policy aimed at organizational education relative to qualified autistic candidates. This increased scientific understanding could help develop expanded public policy leading to decreased unemployment rates for autistics, increased organizational performance for all business types, and improved socioeconomic stability across the nation resulting from increased economic contributions and decreased social service expenditures.