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3 pp. / Originally published: 2002 / This publication lists laboratories that provide soil, plant, feed, and water testing within the state of Arizona. Revised September 2016.

The problem of this study is to determine what constitutes adequate and desirable physical facilities for industrial arts laboratories in public schools.

La propuesta del Centro de Investigación de la Quinua nace debido a la necesidad de una entidad que vele tanto por la calidad del producto peruano, así como la seguridad de tener las herramientas para la búsqueda de innovación en tecnologías y estudio de las distintas especies, ya sean locales o del exterior. La ubicación del centro responde a la necesidad de accesibilidad tanto a los cultivos costeños, los cuáles presentan mayor cantidad problemas por el excesivo uso de químicos; como a los cultivos del interior, los cuáles son los principales productores nacionales, y reconocidos por su grano orgánico. Es por esta razón que se buscó un departamento que cuente con las condiciones geográficas que favorezcan a la producción de quinua, y a la vez tenga acceso a los puntos frágiles como potenciales del país. Ayacucho es un departamento con arquitectura característica de la sierra peruana, por ende, el diseño del edificio busca adaptarse al entorno, tanto arquitectónico como natural, mediante el uso de materiales y formas locales. Asimismo, el edificio debe responder a su función, una serie de procedimiento administrativos como científicos, por lo que cuenta con una volumetría lineal, acompañada de una caja social que busca abastecer de un entorno cercano. / The proposal of the Quinua Research Center was born due to the need of an entity that ensures both the quality of the Peruvian product, as well as the security of having the tools to search for innovation in technologies and study of the different species, whether local or foreign. The location of the center answers to the need for accessibility to both coastal crops, which present more problems due to the excessive use of chemicals; as to the crops of the interior, which are the main national producers, and recognized for their organic product. It is for this reason that we searched for a department that has the geographic conditions that favor the production of quinoa, and at the same time have access to both fragile and potential spots in the country. Ayacucho is a department with characteristic architecture of the Peruvian highlands, therefore, the design of the building seeks to adapt to the environment, both architectural and natural, using materials and local shapes. Besides, the building must respond to its function, a series of administrative and scientific procedures, so it has a linear shape, accompanied by a social package that answers to nearby needs. / Tesis

Abstract in English and Afrikaans / This study has a twofold purpose in that it attempts to identify how knowledgeable investigators are about the collection and use of DNA in relation to the building of a criminal case, and to establish how optimally DNA as evidence is utilised. The study has revealed several shortcomings which render the use of DNA evidence inadmissible in criminal proceedings. The researcher also analysed other aspects relating to DNA evidence, namely: identification, individualisation, criminal investigation, forensic investigation, and objectives of criminal investigation. For criminal investigators to be successful in their investigation of cases involving DNA, it is imperative for them to have a clear understanding of the basic concepts surrounding DNA investigations and the value of DNA evidence. It is submitted that, because of a lack of knowledge in DNA-related investigations by detectives, a lack of training in DNA-related cases and delays in the collection of DNA evidence, valuable evidence is often lost and/or contaminated. This causes such evidence to become inadmissible in criminal proceedings, and has a negative impact on the conviction rate for such crimes. / Hierdie studie het ’n tweevoudige doel in die poging om te identifiseer hoe kundig ondersoekers is aangaande die insameling en gebruik van DNA in terme van die bou van ’n kriminele saak en die vasstel van hoe DNA optimal [sic] as bewys gebruik kan word. Die studie het getoon dat daar verskeie tekortkominge is wat teweeg gebring het dat die gebruik van DNA bewys onaanvaarbaar was in kriminele prosedure. Die navorser het ook ander aspekte geanaliseer aangaande DNA bewyse, naamlik: identifikasie, individualisering van onderwerpe tydens ondersoek, kriminele ondersoek, forensiese ondersoek, en die aspekte van kri-minele ondersoeke. Vir die kriminele ondersoekers om suksesvol te wees in hulle ondersoek van sake waarby DNA betrokke is, is dit vir hulle van kardinale belang om ’n suiwere begrip van die basiese konsep rondom DNA ondersoeke en die waarde van DNA bewyse te hê. Dit is voortgebring dat, as gevolg van die tekort aan kennis in DNA ondersoeke, asook opleiding van DNA-sake by die speurders, en vertraging in die versameling van DNA bewysstukke, waardevolle bewyse is telkens verlore of gekontamineer. Dit veroorsaak dat sulke bewyse verwerp word in kriminele prosesse, en het ’n negatiewe impak op die vonnis statestieke [sic] vir sulke misdade. / Criminology and Security Science / M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995. / Caption title. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-215). / Sponsored in part by a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. / Susanne A. Paul. / M.S.

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of face-to-face and virtual laboratories in a large-enrollment introductory biology course on students* motivation to learn biology. The laboratory component of post-secondary science courses is where students have opportunities for frequent interactions with instructors and their peers (Seymour & Hewitt, 1997; Seymour, Melton, Wiese, & Pederson-Gallegos, 2005) and is often relied upon for promoting interest and motivation in science learning (Hofstein & Lunetta, 2003; Lunetta, Hofstein, & Clough, 2007). However, laboratory courses can be resource intensive (Jenkins, 2007), leading post-secondary science educators to seek alternative means of laboratory education such as virtual laboratories. Scholars have provided evidence that student achievement in virtual laboratories can be equal to, if not higher than, that of students in face-to-face laboratories (Akpan & Strayer, 2010; Finkelstein et al., 2005; Huppert, Lomask, & Lazarowitz, 2002). Yet, little research on virtual laboratories has been conducted on affective variables such as motivation to learn science. Motivation to learn biology was measured at the beginning and end of the semester using the Biology Motivation Questionnaire © (Glynn, Brickman, Armstrong, & Taasoobshirazi, 2011) and compared between the face-to-face and virtual laboratory groups. Characteristics of the two laboratory environments were measured at the end of the semester by the Distance Education Learning Environment Survey (Walker & Fraser, 2005). Interviews with 12 participants were conducted three times throughout the semester in the phenomenological style of qualitative data collection. The quantitative survey data and qualitative interview and observation data were combined to provide a thorough image of the face-to-face and virtual laboratory environments and their impacts on students* motivation to learn biology. Statistical analyses provided quantifiable evidence that the novel virtual laboratory environment did not have a differential effect on students* motivation to learn biology, with this finding being supported by the qualitative results. Comparison of the laboratory environments showed that students in the face-to-face labs reported greater instructional support, student interaction and collaboration, relevance of the lab activities, and authentic learning experiences than the students in the virtual labs. Qualitative results indicated the teaching assistants in the face-to-face labs were an influential factor in sustaining students* motivation by providing immediate feedback and instructional support in and out of the laboratory environment. In comparison, the virtual laboratory students often had to redo their lab exercises multiple times because of unclear directions and system glitches, potential barriers to persistence of motivation. The face-to-face students also described the importance of collaborative experiences and hands-on activities while the virtual laboratory students appreciated the convenience of working at their own pace, location, and time. According to social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986, 2001), the differences in the learning environments reported by the students should have had ramifications for their motivation to learn biology, yet this did not hold true for the students in this study. Therefore, while these laboratory environments are demonstrably different, the virtual laboratories did not negatively impact students* motivation to learn biology and could be an acceptable replacement for face-to-face laboratories in an introductory biology course.

This study involved a qualitative comparative analysis of government laboratory technology transfer, examining both the process and impact of successful cases before and after passage of technology transfer legislation. The legislation, passed in the mid- and late-1980s, was intended to encourage cooperative research for commercialization purposes. The study examined a variety of factors related to government laboratory technology transfer, including the researchers' roles, mechanisms used, partners, and economic impact. Certain aspects of the researchers' roles became more positive toward technology transfer. They contributed to technology marketing by producing more laboratory prototypes and samples in the post-legislation period. On the other hand, they retreated from broad-based technology marketing in the sense that their roles as technology champions became centered around their relationships with their CRADA partners. There was an undercurrent of caution by the laboratory researchers towards technology transfer in both the pre-legislation and post-legislation periods, and neither time period contained many examples of market analysis or technology evaluation work by the laboratories. Also, there was tension between the research role and technology transfer role, possibly indicating a lack of trust in that relationship. The laboratories primarily used CRADAs and licenses to transfer technologies, and used other mechanisms to a lesser degree. There was even less variety in mechanisms in the post-legislation period. The researchers' comments about license royalty-sharing became stronger in the post-legislation period, indicating that incentive is working. Yet, the data suggested new administrative needs such as for royalty tracking statements and dispute mechanisms. The post-legislation period involved more small-firm partners and more user-initiated contacts, indicating more market pull. The post-legislation period also exhibited more "institutionalized" university relationships. State and local governments were not prominent among the users in either time period. The technology transfer legislation had positive effects in terms of economic impact and outcomes. The following indicators increased in the post-legislation period: new products (generated as a result of technology transfer), sales revenues, new companies, new jobs, and technology transfer contributions to dual use. Technology transfer and commercialization failures decreased and the time to market decreased. The assessment revealed additional findings related to increased international activity, private sector problems, and other factors contributing to technology transfer. An extensive literature review provided background for the issues and problems in evaluating technology transfer. This review included an inventory of technology transfer measurement activities to-date, including models from non-government technology transfer communities. The study experience, itself, further uncovered some insights to technology transfer metrics at a time when the experience base in this area is still premature / Ph. D.

M.S.