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Since the early 1990s the temporary staffing industry experienced rapid growth in many areas of Europe, although the extent and rate of this growth varied across the continent. The existing literature on labour market intermediaries and the temporary staffing industry fail to adequately address the importance of national institutional arrangements. This thesis addresses the research lacuna by providing a comparative study of temporary staffing industries in three different political-economic contexts: the United Kingdom, Germany and the Czech Republic. This contributes to a greater understanding of the role of the temporary staffing industry in each country, how it is structured, and the key institutions involved. These three case studies profile the size and characteristics of each temporary staffing industry but also discuss the key institutions present in each case, and the relationships which drive or restrict its change. This thesis includes analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data to provide a detailed picture of each national temporary staffing industry. The research reveals three nationally distinctive formations of the temporary staffing industry within the context of the European Union. While the UK has the largest temporary staffing industry in Europe, it remains highly fragmented. With an established presence in many sectors of the labour market the industry seeks to increase its presence in professional occupations, and its collaboration with public employment services. While the temporary staffing industry in Germany has experienced significant growth since 2003, resistance remains from the trade unions against the use of temporary agency work, and the state remains greatly involved in determining working conditions. The presence of collective bargaining between the trade unions and trade associations remains a key relationship in this system. The temporary staffing industry in the Czech Republic is still in the early stages of growth and as such regulations are still being formulated, and agencies are still establishing branch networks in an environment where a large number of informal agencies are already present. While temporary staffing agencies and trade associations remain active in pursuing growth for the temporary staffing industry, the extent to which these changes took place varied between countries. This thesis argues the form of each national temporary staffing industry is a reflection of the complex historical, and contemporary, national institutional arrangements, and as such, its form and role varies.

The goal of the master thesis is the research and comparison of the flexible forms of work in the Czech Republic and Norway in the 2004 - 2013. The theoretical part of the thesis is dedicated to the changes on the labour markets leading to higher unemployment and insecurities of the labour market. In the practical part are listed the forms of working contracts according to the labour law in the Czech Republic and Norway. The analysis of the Czech and Norwegian labour market has the focus on the flexible forms of work that are compared in terms of flexibility, security, usefulness, effectiveness, quality and the reason for using flexible forms of work. Using methods comparative and factorial analysis is the level of flexibility of the Norwegian labour market evaluated and compared with the level of flexibility of the Czech labour market. Due to the analysis of the micro- and macroeconomics conditions of the Czech Republic and Norway and an interview with Aline Bütikofer from the Norwegian School of Economics are identified the main reasons for the different degree of the flexibility of the labour market in the Czech Republic and Norway.

Since 2008 Europe has been in crisis, a financial and debt crisis that spread from the U.S. to all European countries. This thesis aims to provide evidence on the consequences of the crisis for individuals’ labour market outcomes across different countries and regions of Europe and to analyse how the recession has differentially affected sub-groups of the European population. Through the analysis of the longitudinal component of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) dataset, the project sheds light on the labour market trajectories of more than 20,000 Europeans across 11 European countries and 41 regions, before and during the 2008 financial crisis (2005-2012). Sequence and cluster analysis are used to investigate the heterogeneity of individual labour market trajectories across countries and time, while multilevel models are used to study regional labour markets during the years in crisis. The concept of transitional labour markets, as well as theories of labour market segmentation, job competition and job mobility, provide the theoretical framework for this research. The empirical findings show that during the financial crisis, labour market trajectories appear more turbulent and fragmented for the already disadvantaged sub-groups, namely women, younger workers and low educated workers. Furthermore, during the Great recession, an increase in unemployment among men confirms the sectoral profile of the crisis, which hit harder the male-dominated sectors of construction and industry. At the same time, a decrease in inactivity among women is consistent with the added worker effect, according to which women in periods of economic hardship are pushed towards labour market activity in order to contribute to the household income. Countries with weak economies and underperforming labour markets prior to the crisis, such as Greece and Italy, unsurprisingly experienced a deep and persistent crisis, while countries with stronger economies and more inclusive labour markets, such as Denmark and Sweden, managed to survive the crisis with less social harm. The institutional context of the countries offering high chances of employment even during the financial crisis, such as the Nordic countries, lies on the flexicurity of their labour markets. Indeed, flexible labour markets with the use of reduced working-time schemes, i.e. part-time forms of employment, contained unemployment during the financial shock. However, we need to be cautious about flexibility without security or partial deregulation of the markets, implemented in southern European countries, because during the crisis such policies led to further labour market segmentation and thus an increase in employment inequalities. Finally, the region of residence matters in employment outcomes, almost as much as the country of residence. In fact, from the regional analysis of individual employment outcomes during the years of the crisis, an uneven distribution of labour is detected even within the national borders. Summing up, the European crisis should be considered as the sum of national and regional crises.

The biggest problem of any market is its imbalance; such an imbalance in the labour market is called unemployment. The aim of my dissertation is to analyse the labour market in Tábor region, i.e. to assess job opportunities and employment and/or unemployment development and to propose possible solutions resulting in an unemployment decrease. Controlled interviews with the staff of the Tábor Labour Office, the Internet, the Czech Statistical Office information, specialized literature, regulations and laws and annual reports on the situation in the labour market in Tábor were the main information sources for my dissertation. My dissertation contributes to the situation with recommendations regarding an improvement of the labour market in Tábor region, which are based on the data established in my dissertation.

My thesis includes two major parts ? theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part based on the literary resources focused on this economical part. This part explains some terms related to the labor market and unemployment, e.g. work, jobs, unemployment including its sorts and indicators, governance activities to reduction of unemployment, etc. Practical part, specialized on the situation of the region ?Táborsko?. This part is more extensive and involves following major points: o specification of the region ?Táborsko? o analysis of the labour market and unemployment in this region o questionnaire with unemployed people o discussion.

Diesem Bericht liegt eine Befragung, die sich an alle SoziologieabsolventInnen der Jahrgänge 1990 bis 2013 der Universität Leipzig richtete, zugrunde (N = 1219). Sie wurde im Rahmen eines Forschungspraktikums mit Bachelorstudierenden verwirklicht. Die Befragung dauerte von Juli bis Oktober 2013 und war sowohl über einen Papier- als auch über einen Onlinefragebogen durchführbar. Ein besonderes Augenmerk dieser Studie ist die Erklärung des Verbleibs der SoziologInnen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt: die Dauer der Stellensuche, der Art des Arbeitsbereichs und dem Einstiegsgehalt. Außerdem enthielt der Fragebogen Module zum Studienverlauf und -abschluss, anderen Ausbildungen und Qualifikationen (z.B. Auslandsaufenthalten und Berufstätigkeit während des Studiums) sowie Fragen zur Soziodemografie. Um die berufliche Biografie der AbsolventInnen zu erfassen, wurde ein Zeitstrahl verwendet, der eine detaillierte Auswertung der Zeit nach dem Studium zulässt.

Im Sommersemester 2018 wurde eine neue AbsolventInnenstudie am Institut für Soziologie der Universität Leipzig durchgeführt. Diese ist bereits die vierte ihrer Art am Institut. Die Studie untersucht alle AbsolventInnen, die seit 1992 bis zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung einen Abschluss am Institut für Soziologie erworben haben, die Studie ist also eine Vollerhebung. Es wurde einmehrseitiger Fragebogen an die AbsolventInnen geschickt, die Teilnahme erfolgte anonym und freiwillig.

The diploma thesis deals with specifics of unemployed older adults who participate in projects of the Labor Office of the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis was to analyze the specifics of unemployed older adults when returning to the labor market with help of projects of the Labor Office of the Czech Republic. These specifics were identified in connection with the physical, mental, and social changes that occur in older adulthood. Other specifics were analyzed based on the position which the target group 50+ holds on the labor market and off of the labor market about impacts of unemployment to unemployed older adults. For the comprehensive summary of the issue, the theoretical part was augmented through essential characteristics of projects mediated by the Labor Office of the Czech Republic. Theoretic findings served for purposes in a qualitative survey. The qualitative survey was focused on two projects of the Labor Office: Jdi dál! 50+ v MSK and 50 PLUS v JmK. Theoretical findings were used to create questions which were used in semi-structured interviews with survey respondents. The research sample consisted of nine respondents, which five of them were project participants and other four were qualified project staff. Data analysis identifies specifics of project participants and approaches...