Blood lactate concentration and mean power output were examined over a series of maximal intermittent exercise bouts with varying recovery patterns. Thirteen elite male cyclists completed four randomly assigned experimental conditions. Each exercise/recovery condition consisted of twelve 10 s maximal exercise bouts on a Monark cycle ergometer. Four different recovery patterns (30, 60, 90 and 120 s) followed the repeated 10 s all-out efforts. Results revealed that the mean power output averaged over the 12 trials was 12.7, 13.0, 13.2 and 13.4 W/kg, for the 30, 60, 90 and 120 s conditions, respectively. Blood lactate concentration during exercise were 9.9, 9.2, 6.5 and 6.0 mmol/1, for the 30, 60, 90 and 120 s conditions, respectively. The 30 and 60 s conditions yielded significantly lower mean power output values compared to the 90 and 120 s conditions. Following the repeated maximal 10 s efforts, blood lactate concentration was significantly greater in the 30 and 60 s recovery conditions compared to the 90 and 120 s conditions.

No description available.

Laboratory-based rowing tests are the established standard for assessing fitness traits among elite rowers, and for prescribing individualised exercise intensities for training. But because tests occur on a rowing ergometer, the specificity of laboratory testing has been questioned compared with the criterion of on-water rowing. This project validated equipment required to replicate a laboratory-based rowing test in the field and evaluated the feasibility of on-water tests. Ergometer and on-water test results were compared to assess the validity of ergometer-derived training prescriptions and to establish the effectiveness of on-water tests for monitoring longitudinal fitness changes and for predicting rowing performance. Concept2 rowing ergometers (Morrisville, USA) have frequently been used for rowing tests. Although subtle design variations exist between the different models of Concept2 ergometer, there were no substantial differences between the results from incremental rowing tests using Model C and Model D ergometers. The Concept2 Model D was therefore accepted as the standard ergometer for subsequent laboratory tests. Typical error (TE) results from duplicate Concept2 Model D tests conducted 2-4 d apart showed that laboratory tests were highly reliable (TE: maximal power = 2.8%, peak oxygen consumption = 2.5%). As oxygen consumption (VO2) is measured routinely during laboratory rowing tests, it is necessary to obtain similar measurements during any on-water protocol. The MetaMax 3B portable indirect calorimetry system (Cortex, Leipzig, Germany) was therefore validated against a first-principles, laboratory-based indirect calorimetry system (MOUSe, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia). VO2 from the MetaMax was significantly higher during submaximal exercise (p=0.03), although results were within 0.16 L.min-1 (4.1%) across all exercise intensities. There was good agreement between duplicate MetaMax trials separated by ~2 d; mean VO2 was within 0.11 L.min-1 (2.5%) and TE was ¡Ü2.3%. The specificity of rowing testing was improved using an On-water incremental test that replicated a laboratory-based Ergometer protocol. However, the individual variation in physiological responses between-tests meant that training intensity recommendations from the Ergometer test were not always applicable to on-water training. Furthermore, measurements from the On-water protocol displayed similar or lesser reliability (TE=1.9-19.2%) compared with the Ergometer test (TE=0.1-11.0%). As an effective fitness test must also be sensitive to longitudinal changes, the responses to 6 wks training were compared between the Ergometer and On-water methods. The magnitude of On-water training effects were usually greater (small Cohen¡¯s effect size) compared with the Ergometer test (trivial effect), although On-water and Ergometer tests both indicated that training responses were negligible because virtually all changes were less than one of their respective TEs. Correlations between test results and rowing performance were largest when rowing mode was matched between conditions, but Ergometer results provided the highest correlations (Ergometer vs. 2000-m ergometer time-trial: R= -0.92 to -0.97 compared with On-water vs. On-water maximal power output: R=0.52 to 0.92). Although On-water tests improved the specificity of on-water training prescriptions, these tests provided no obvious benefits for monitoring longitudinal fitness changes or performance compared with Ergometer tests. Given that On-water tests are also more time consuming and logistically challenging, their practical application is limited.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

O remo é uma modalidade que depende muito das condições ambientais para ser praticada, tais como vento, chuva e frio, as quais podem atrapalhar e, dependendo da variação, até impedir a sua prática. Por esses motivos, a realização de atividades em ambiente fechado torna-se importante nesse esporte. A alternativa mais utilizada para treinamento e avaliação é o ergômetro de remo Concept2. Contudo, a dinâmica do ergômetro de remo é diferente da dinâmica na água. Na tentativa de contornar parte dos problemas associados ao uso do ergômetro, a empresa fabricante do Concept2 criou um acessório chamado slide. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar as respostas fisiológicas (consumo de oxigênio, freqüência cardíaca e concentração de lactato) do remador em três situações diferentes: ergômetro de remo, ergômetro de remo com o acessório slide e na água, bem como comparar a contribuição energética de cada situação. Oito sujeitos foram submetidos a cinco testes no total, sendo três deles a simulação da prova de 2000 metros em cada situação e outros dois testes progressivos até a exaustão no ergômetro de remo com e sem o slide. Os principais resultados do estudo foram: a) o perfil metabólico, bem como a demanda energética da prova de 2000m no remo é a mesma, independentemente se ela é realizada no ergômetro de remo Concept2 com ou sem slide ou na água, no barco single-skiff; b) o menor gasto energético total na água está relacionado exclusivamente ao maior tempo necessário para percorrer os 2000m nessa situação; c) a utilização do acessório slide no ergômetro de remo Concept2 não implica em alterações no perfil fisiológico da atividade; d) a utilização do ergômetro de remo no treinamento de remadores produz o mesmo efeito, no que diz respeito aos ajustes fisiológicos agudos, que o treinamento na água / Rowing is a sport that can be subject to environmental conditions as it is practiced outdoors. Wind, rain and cold climates can disturb or even impede the execution of rowing on the water. For that reason, indoor rowing is considered to be an important means of training. The most used form of indoor training and evaluation of athletes is the rowing ergometer Concept II. Nevertheless, outdoor rowing presents dynamic singularities compared to indoor rowing. In order to minimize differences related to rowing on a machine, the manufacturer of Concept II created a device called the slide. The aim of this study was to verify the physiological responses (oxygen consumption, cardiac frequency, lactate concentration) of rowers in three different situations: rowing on an ergometer without and with the slide and rowing on the water. Also, the energy contribution was evaluated. Eight individuals were submitted to five physical tests each. Three of the tests consisted of the simulation of a race in a distance of 2000m in each of the situations defined above, and 2 of the tests consisted of progressive effort until exhaustion in the rowing ergometer with and without the slide. The results obtained were the following a) metabolic profile, as well as energy demand in the 2000 m test was the same if completed on the rowing ergometer with or without the slide or on the water on a single scull. b) the least energy cost on the water was related to the longer time needed to complete the 2000 m test outdoors. C) the use of the slide on the ergometer did not show any changes on the physiological profile of the activity d) the use of the rowing ergometer for training of rowers has the same effect, in terms of physiological adjustments, as training on the water

Orientador: Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz / Resumo: O principal mecanismo de transporte dos íons lactato e H+ em equinos e cães é o complexo transportador formado pelos transportadores de monocarboxilatos, isoformas 1 (MCT1) e 4 (MCT4) juntamente com a proteína auxiliar CD147. Objetivando identificar diferenças entre equinos com desempenho distinto, 16 equinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) foram distribuídos em dois grupos, desempenho inferior (DI, n=8) e desempenho superior (DS, n=8) que foram submetidos a teste de salto incrementai (TSI). Realizou-se biópsia do músculo Gluteus medius para tipificação e análise das expressões das isoformas MCT1, MCT4 e CD147. Amostras sanguíneas foram colhidas para avaliar as expressões MCT1 e CD147 das hemácias. Aplicaram-se testes de normalidade de Shapiro Wilk e homogeneidade de Levene. As medidas morfométricas foram submetidas ao teste de Tukey. Teste “t” de Student não pareado para a comparação das médias dos grupos DI e DS. Aplicou-se correlação de Spearman para as expressões dos transportadores. Para todas as análises utilizou-se p≤0,05. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à frequência de cada tipo de fibra e constatou-se maior quantidade das fibras tipo I em relação às fibras IIA e IIX em todos os equinos avaliados. Não houve diferença entre os pesos moleculares e a expressão das proteínas MCT1, MCT4, e CD147 musculares ou sanguíneas. Houve correlações positivas entre MCT1 vs. CD147 e MCT4 vs. CD147 musculares dos grupos DI e DS. As correlações encontradas foram esperadas ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The central transport mechanism of lactate and H+ ions in horses and dogs is the carrier complex formed by the monocarboxylate, isoform 1 (MCT1) and 4 (MCT4) associated with the ancillary protein CD147. This study aimed to identify possible differences between horses with different performances levels, 16 horses of the Brazilian Sport Horse breed (BH) were distributed in two groups, inferior performance (IP, n = 8) and superior performance (SP, n = 8). A Gluteus medius muscle biopsy was performed for cellular typing and analysis of MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 muscle expressions. By jugular venipuncture, blood samples were collected to evaluate MCT1 and CD147 expressions in the red blood cells (RBC). Normality Shapiro Wilk test and homogeneity of Levene were applied. The morphometric measurements were submitted to the Tukey test, and not paired Student's t-test were applied to compare the mean of the IP and SP groups for all variables and was used Spearman's correlation for isoform expressions, for all analyzes, p≤0.05. There were no differences between the groups regarding the frequency of each type of fiber and a higher number of type I fibers were observed about the IIA and IIX fibers in all groups. There was no difference between molecular weights and expressions of MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 in muscle or blood. There were positive correlations between muscles MCT1 vs CD147 and MCT4 vs CD147 in both groups. The relationships found were expected since the MCT1 and 4 depended on the CD... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by ISADORA PIMENTEL DE SOUZA (euisaps@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-08-10T17:48:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO 10.08.pdf: 1322071 bytes, checksum: bb198d40ebd35093636b6713a6bab637 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sulamita Selma C Colnago null (sulamita@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-08-13T18:02:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ip_me_bot.pdf: 1322071 bytes, checksum: bb198d40ebd35093636b6713a6bab637 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T18:02:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ip_me_bot.pdf: 1322071 bytes, checksum: bb198d40ebd35093636b6713a6bab637 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-23 / Introdução: O choque séptico é uma importante causa de morbimortalidade em recém-nascidos prematuros. O lactato vem sendo estudado como marcador diagnóstico e prognóstico do choque, mas os estudos no período neonatal são escassos. Objetivo: Investigar se os níveis séricos de lactato podem predizer o risco de morte em prematuros com choque séptico. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, longitudinal, realizado na UTI Neonatal do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu no período de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2016, após aprovação do CEP. Foram incluídos todos os prematuros menores que 37 semanas, internados na UTI, com mais de 72 horas de vida, que apresentaram diagnóstico de choque séptico e dosagem do lactato sérico nas primeiras 48 horas do choque. Foram excluídos aqueles com malformações múltiplas, infecções congênitas e erros inatos do metabolismo. Variáveis estudadas: maternas, gestacionais, neonatais, agente etiológico e dosagem do lactato. Os prematuros foram comparados em dois grupos: sobrevida e óbito. Desfecho: óbito. Análise estatística: testes paramétricos e não paramétricos com significância estatística se p<0.05. Acurácia do lactato: sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo. Resultados: Dentre os 456 prematuros sobreviventes por mais de 72 horas, 130 apresentaram sepse tardia (28,5%) e destes, 36 choque séptico (28%). A mortalidade no choque foi de 42%. A positividade em hemocultura foi de 36% com predomínio de Gram-positivos no grupo sobrevida e de Gram-negativos no grupo óbito. A comparação entre os grupos sobrevida e óbito, respectivamente mostrou: idade gestacional 29,5sem vs 27,5sem (p=0.05); peso de nascimento 950g vs 900g (p=0.386), idade no diagnóstico do choque 11 dias vs 7 dias (p=0.071), uso de drogas vasoativas 52% vs 93% (p=0.011). Os níveis de lactato foram maiores no grupo óbito (1,2mmol/L vs 1,7 mmol/L; p=0.043). O lactato  4mmol/L apresentou boa acurácia na predição de morte diretamente relacionada ao choque (89%) com baixa sensibilidade, 33%, mas com especificidade e valor preditivo positivo de 100% e valor preditivo negativo de 88%. Conclusão: A incidência e mortalidade do choque séptico em prematuros foram altas, sendo os muito prematuros e os de extremo baixo peso os mais acometidos. Valores de lactato  4 mmol/L apresentaram boa acurácia na predição de morte, alta especificidade e alto valor preditivo positivo. / Introduction: Septic shock is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Lactate has been studied as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of shock, but studies in the neonatal period are scarce. Objective: To investigate if serum lactate levels can predict the risk of death in preterm infants with septic shock. Methods: Retrospective, longitudinal study performed at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Clinics Hospital – Botucatu School of Medicine, from January 2014 to December 2016, after approval of the Ethics Committee. All preterm infants less than 37 weeks gestational age, with more than 72 hours of life, admitted at the NICU with diagnosis of septic shock and serum lactate dosage in the first 48 hours of shock were included. Those with multiple malformations, congenital infections and inborn errors of metabolism were excluded. Variables studied: maternal, gestational, neonatal, etiologic agent and lactate dosage. The preterm infants were compared in two groups: survival and death. Outcome: death. Statistical analysis: parametric and non-parametric tests with statistical significance if p<0.05. Lactate accuracy: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. Results: Among the 456 preterm infants who survived for more than 72 hours, 130 had late onset sepsis (28.5%) and of these 36 septic shock (28%). The shock mortality was 42%. The positivity in blood cultures was 36%, with a predominance of Gram-positive in the survival group and Gram-negative in the death group. The comparison between survival and death groups, respectively, showed: gestational age 29.5weeks vs 27.5 weeks (p=0.05); birth weight 950g vs 900g (p=0.386), age at shock diagnosis 11 days vs 7 days (p=0.071), vasoactive drugs 52% vs 93% (p=0.011). Lactate levels were higher in the death group (1.2mmol/L vs 1.7 mmol/L, p=0.043). Lactate ≥4 mmol/L showed good accuracy in predicting death directly related to shock (89%) with low sensitivity 33%, but with specificity and a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 88%. Conclusion: The incidence and mortality of septic shock in premature infants were high, and very premature and extremely low birth weight were the most affected. Values of lactate  4 9 mmol/L showed good accuracy in predicting death, high specificity and high positive predictive value.

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-99). Description: xii, 99 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. / Blood oxygen carrying capacity, myoglobin levels and LDH isozyme compositions in the heart, gastrocnemius and pectoralis muscles were determined in Common Murre adults and during maturation of the chick at sea. Oxygen stores in the chick (hemoglobin, hematocrit, muscle myoglobin) increased significantly with growth. High levels of the aerobic isozyme, LDH 1, were maintained throughout maturation in the heart. All five LDH isozymes were maintained at similar levels in the gastrocnemius muscle. The pectoralis showed an increase in LDH 1, 2, 3, and 4, yet retained relatively high levels of LDH 5 throughout maturation. Upon leaving the nesting colony, metabolic capacities in the heart and gastrocnemius of the chick are similar to those of adults. The chick pectoralis tissue, however, gains aerobic capacities with maturation which is concomitant with the needed capacity for aerial and aquatic flight upon fledging.

Orientador: Claudio Alexandre Gobatto / Banca: Sergio Augusto Cunha / Banca: Pedro Balikian Junior / Resumo: Dentro do âmbito do treinamento competitivo evidencia-se a necessidade de criar e aperfeiçoar testes que possam ser aplicados no próprio ambiente de treinamento, priorizando a busca da especificidade na avaliação e de variáveis que possam melhor explicar as alterações do desempenho do atleta. Então, surge uma problemática ao avaliar a aptidão anaeróbia em velocistas em função das metodologias e dos protocolos propiciarem difícil aplicação e inespecificidade, principalmente por não possuírem nenhum teste com o movimento específico para esse grupo. Entretanto, destaca-se na literatura alguns testes laboratoriais utilizados para avaliação da aptidão anaeróbia de corredores, dentre os quais estão o Máximo Déficit de Oxigênio Acumulado (MAOD), o teste de Wingate (TW) e os testes de salto vertical (SV). Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi padronizar o teste de corrida atada (TCA) analisando a validade, reprodutibilidade e confiabilidade. O protótipo criado para o TCA proporciona a obtenção de valores de força e de velocidade durante o teste que, por sua vez, fornecerá parâmetros de potência pico do TCA (PPTCA), potência média do TCA (PMTCA) e do índice de fadiga do TCA (IFTCA). Para tanto, 10 velocistas do sexo masculino (22,0 l 2,8 anos; 68,1 l 8,9 kg; 1,76 l 0,09 m; 8,1 l 3,1 % Gordura) participaram do estudo. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a avaliação antropométrica, teste incremental para determinação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) e do limiar anaeróbio (LAn), teste para determinação do MAOD, TW, dois TCA (teste e re-teste) e um esforço máximo na distância de 300 metros (D300m). Através de coletas sangüíneas retirada do lóbulo da orelha após os testes de TW, TCA e D300m, foram determinadas as concentrações pico de lactato sangüíneo ([Lac]p) para cada um dos testes, respectivamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the competitive training area, it is observed the necessity to create and improve tests that could be applied in its own training environment, prioritizing the search of the specificity in the evaluation and the variables that can explain the changes of the athlete’s performance better. So, we find a problem concerning the anaerobic fitness evaluation in sprinters due to the methodologies and the protocols, mainly because there are no tests with the specific movement for this particular group. However, it is possible to mention some laboratorial tests that are used to verify the anaerobic fitness performance of the runners, which are, the maximal deficit oxygen accumulated (MAOD), the Wingate test (TW) and the tests of vertical jump (VJ). Thereby, the aim of this study is to standardize the tied running test (TRT), analyzing the validity, reproducibility and reliability. The TRT prototype provides the instantaneous strength and speed values during the test that give peak power (PPTRT), mean power (PMTRT) and fatigue index (FITRT) parameters. Therefore, ten male runners (22.0l2.8 years old, 68.1l8.9 kg, 1.76l0.09 m; 8.1l3.1 % Fat) participated in this study. All the subjects were submitted into the anthropometric assessment, incremental test to determination the maximal consume of oxygen (VO2max) and anaerobic threshold (AT), the MAOD determination test, the TW, the two TRT (test and re-test) and maximum effort in 300 meters of distance (D300m). Through blood samples removed from the earlobe after the TW, TRT and D300m tests, the blood peak lactate concentration ([Lac]peak) was determined in each test, respectively, [Lac]peakTW, [Lac]peakTRT and [Lac]peakD300m. The tests were separated with intervals of 24 to 72 hours. The data were presented in mean and stand deviation (M l SD)...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by LETÍCIA PETERNELLI DA SILVA null (leticia_pet@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-01T02:41:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - artigo - normas.pdf: 1349068 bytes, checksum: 7473c5323f7fbbfa52f7fcc109996b31 (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: A data que consta na capa e folha de rosto do trabalho deve ser a mesma da data de defesa. Corrija estas informações e realize uma nova submissão contendo o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-09-01T19:44:13Z (GMT) / Submitted by LETÍCIA PETERNELLI DA SILVA null (leticia_pet@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-05T12:04:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - artigo - normas final repositorio.pdf: 1348614 bytes, checksum: 5f17938083a99a0a93594c335f2506c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-05T14:59:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_lp_dr_bot.pdf: 1348614 bytes, checksum: 5f17938083a99a0a93594c335f2506c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T14:59:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_lp_dr_bot.pdf: 1348614 bytes, checksum: 5f17938083a99a0a93594c335f2506c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-08 / Os principais desafios da transição fetal-neonatal são a estabilização do equilíbrio ácido-básico, glicemia e oxigenação ao longo das primeiras 24 horas de vida. Falhas nessa adaptação são a maior causa de morte nesse período e os estudos de viabilidade neonatal tem se concentrado nas avaliações destas variáveis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a correlação da lactatemia materna, placentária e neonatal em ovinos ao nascimento e, ainda, observar o comportamento do lactato, glicemia e hemogasometria nas primeiras 24 horas de vida do neonato. Para tanto, as avaliações foram realizadas ao nascimento (M1), quatro (M2), oito (M3), 12 (M4) e 24 (M5) horas após. A lactatemia neonatal se mostrou próxima à placentária (p=0,991) diferindo significativamente da materna (p=0,011), o que sugere uma influência da produção de lactato pela placenta como parte da lactatemia neonatal ao nascimento. Ao longo das 24 horas de vida foi possível notar a depuração de lactato pelo organismo do neonato, aproximando assim dos valores de referência para a espécie. A glicemia dos neonatos se manteve em níveis acima dos descritos pela literatura (50,176 ± 21,007 mmol/L) ao nascimento e a elevação se mostrou constante ao longo das avaliações. Na hemogasometria foi possível observar discreta acidose metabólica, com normalização já nas primeiras quatro horas e estabilização completa do equilíbrio ácido-básico ao final das 24 horas de vida. / Newborn animals, between their fetal and newborn transition period, usually face several challenges in the first 24 hours after birth; acid-base balance issues as well as glycemic levels and oxygenation problems are quite usual. Difficulties to overcome such issues have caused several deaths among newborns. Therefore, studies have been carried out in order to evaluate such issues. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the mother´s lactatemia, presence of lactate in the blood, in the placenta as well as in the newborn, moreover, the study measured the lactate, glycemic and hemogasometry levels during the first 24 horas after birth. Tests were carried out right after birth (M1), four (M2), eight (M3), 12 twelve (M4) and 24 (M5) hours after birth. Lactatemia levels were quite similar to the placental levels (p=0,991) which, in turn, were significantly different from the mother´s (p=0,011). Results showed, shortly after birth, a lactate production influence in the placenta as part of the lactatemia issue. Along the first 24 hours after birth, the study showed lower levels of lactate in newborns; levels were closer to the normal index levels found in such animals. Glycemic level results found after birth were higher than the levels published in medical journals (50,176 ± 21,007 mmol/L); high levels remained steady. Regarding hemogasometry results, tests showed slight metabolic acidosis, normal levels were found in the first 24 hours after birth; basic-acid was completely stable at the end of the 24 hours after birth.