Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArquivoTotal.pdf: 2781161 bytes, checksum: 6e4a880e963d8266a3616bed552926f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Aerial parts of Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae), known as alfazema-brava , tapera-velha , erva-canudo , cheirosa and alfavacão , is used in traditional medicine to treat stomach ailments, inflammations and infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotection, wound healing and toxicity of Hyptis suaveolens, with a view to validate its efficacy, safety as well as to corroborate existing data. To this end, behavioral evaluation and acute toxicity study of the ethanol extract (EEtOH-Hs) and hexane fraction (FaHex-Hs) at a single dose of 2.000 mg/kg (p.o) was performed in mice. Pharmacological effects, in particular, the gastroprotective activities of EEtOH-Hs and FaHex-Hs were evaluated. Initial pharmacological screening was conducted with EEtOH-H, Hs-FaHex, dichloromethanic fraction (FaDCM-Hs) and ethyl acetate fraction (FaAE-Hs) against acidified ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. Acute gastric ulcers induced by ethanol, NSAIDs, immobilization and cold stress, at the were carried out at doses of 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg / kg (po), and at 250 mg/kg (id) in gastric juice containment by pylorus ligature and ischemia-reperfusion. To evaluate ulcer healing property of EEtOH-Hs and FaHex-Hs, acetic acid-induced ulcers experiment was realized. In addition the toxicity of EEtOH-Hs and FaHex-Hs by repeated dosing for 14 days was also assessed using acetic acid ulcer model. The antimicrobial effect against Helicobacter pylori bacterium was investigated by agar diffusion method. Gastric juice parameters were evaluated in the pylorus ligature assay. Next, was investigated participation of mucus, sulfhydryl groups and nitric oxide (NO) in the gastroprotection and determine endogenous antioxidants parameters through the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in gastric mucosa following ulcers induction by ischemia-reperfusion. Oral administration of EEtOH-Hs caused hyperactivity in the animals. However, it caused no death to none of the animals. Thus it was not possible to determine LD 50. In this assay, no sign of toxicity was evidenced in animals treated with FaHex-Hs. In pharmacological screening, EEtOH-Hs, as well as all fractions studied (FaHex-Hs, FaDCM-Hs, FaAE-Hs) caused significant inhibitions of the ulcerative lesion index (ULI) in the acidified ethanol ulcer model, being that FaHex-Hs was the most effective. EEtOH-Hs and FaHex-Hs, significantly reduced ULI in all models tested. EEtOH-Hs and FaHex-Hs exhibited healing properties in the acetic acid model of ulcers. EEtOH-Hs and FaHex-Hs had no effect on the gastric juice parameters and left unaltered the levels of mucus of the gastric mucosa. However changes were observed in the ulcerative lesion area (U.L.A) with the use of sulfhydryl groups blocker, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and increased SOD activity in the gastric mucosa. Therefore, the antiulcerogenic effect of EEtOH-Hs and FaHex-Hs may involve antioxidant and cytoprotective mechanisms. / Partes aéreas de Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae), conhecida como alfazema-brava e tapera-velha , são utilizadas na medicina tradicional no tratamento de problemas gástricos, inflamações e infecções. Estudos farmacológicos realizados com esta espécie e evidenciaram as atividades antinociceptiva, cicatrizante, anti-inflamatória e antioxidante. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar ensaios farmacológicos relacionados à gastroproteção, cicatrização e toxicidade de Hyptis suaveolens, na perspectiva de validar a sua eficácia e segurança e corroborar aos dados já existentes. Para isto, foi realizada uma triagem comportamental e ensaio da toxicidade aguda do extrato etanólico-EEtOH-Hs e fase hexânica-FaHex-Hs (2.000 mg/kg). Foi realizada uma triagem farmacológica utilizando o EEtOH-Hs, FaHex-Hs, fase diclorometânica-FaDCM-Hs e fase acetato de etila-FaAE-Hs pelo modelo de indução de úlceras gástricas por etanol acidificado. Foram realizados ensaios de indução de úlceras agudas pelo etanol, AINES, estresse por imobilização e frio (62,5, 125, 250 e 500 mg/kg), contensão do suco gástrico por ligadura do piloro e isquemia-reperfusão (250 mg/kg). Para avaliar a propriedade cicatrizante do EEtOH-Hs e FaHex-Hs, foi realizado o ensaio de indução de úlceras por ácido acético e avaliação da toxicidade do EEtOH-Hs e FaHex-Hs por doses repetidas durante 14 dias nesse modelo. Realizou-se a investigação do efeito contra a bactéria Helicobacter pylori pelo método de difusão em ágar. Os parâmetros do suco gástrico foram avaliados no ensaio de ligadura do piloro. Foram investigadas as participações do muco, grupamentos sulfidrilas e NO na gastroproteção do EEtOH-Hs e FaHex-Hs. Foram determinados os parâmetros antioxidantes pela determinação dos níveis de lipoperoxidação (LPO) e atividade da enzima superóxido dismutase (SOD) na mucosa gástrica, utilizando o modelo de isquemia-reperfusão. A administração do EEtOH-Hs, provocou hiperatividade nos animais, entretanto, não causou morte nos animais, não tendo sido possível determinar a DL 50. Nenhum sinal de toxicidade foi evidenciado nos animais tratados com a FaHex-Hs. O EEtOH-Hs, bem como todas as fases testadas promoveram inibição significativa do índice de lesão ulcerativa-ILU no modelo de indução por etanol acidificado, sendo que a FaHex-Hs foi a mais eficaz. O EEtOH-Hs e a FaHex-Hs, reduziram significativamente o ILU nos modelos de úlceras gástricas induzidas por todos os agentes lesivos. O EEtOH-Hs e a FaHex-Hs não alteraram os parâmetros do suco gástrico e os níveis de muco gástrico, entretanto, foram observadas alterações na área de lesão ulcerativa-ALU mediante a utilização do bloqueador de grupamentos sulfidrilas, indicando sua participação na atividade gastroprotetora. Foi observada inibição da peroxidação lipídica e aumento da atividade da enzima SOD da mucosa gástrica. Portanto, o efeito gatroprotetor do EEtOH-Hs e da FaHex-Hs pode envolver mecanismos antioxidantes e citoprotetores.

Cette étude s’inscrit dans le contexte du stockage profond de déchets radioactifs sur le site de Meuse-Haute Marne (Andra) et plus précisément de l’évolution bio-physico-chimique de roches sédimentaires argileuses (Callovo-Oxfordien, COx), excavées et stockées en surface sous forme de verses. Durant la phase préparatoire et la phase d’exploitation, plusieurs millions de mètres cubes d’argilites seront excavées. L’argilite stockée à l’air libre sera ainsi exposée durant plusieurs décennies aux altérations météoritiques et aux conditions oxydantes de surface et à la colonisation biologique (plantes, bactéries, champignons). L’objectif de la thèse était d’étudier l’impact de molécules antioxydantes et de la végétalisation des verses par des plantes produisant ces molécules, sur les processus d’altération physiques, chimiques ou microbiens de l’argilite du COx. Ce travail visait à (i) identifier des molécules antioxydantes et des plantes d’intérêt (ii) évaluer les effets inhibiteurs des substances antioxydantes sur l’altération des minéraux et la lixiviation des métaux du COx au laboratoire, (iv) tester la cultivabilité des plantes sélectionnées sur les verses, (iii) suivre in situ l’évolution physico-chimique et microbiologique de l’argilite d’une verse plantée ou non. Des expériences de percolation en colonnes avec des molécules antioxydantes « modèles » des Lamiacées (linalol, thymol, carvacrol) ont montré des taux d’altération/lixiviation très variables en fonction de l’élément. Ils étaient très faibles pour l’aluminium (<1‰), compris entre 1-3% pour les autres métaux (Ca, Mg, Fe…) et atteignaient plus de 60% pour le sodium. Avec le thymol à 20 mg/l ont été observés sur 3 mois une diminution des taux de lixiviation du soufre et des éléments métalliques constitutifs des sulfures (Fe, As) et carbonates (Ca, Sr) et une diminution de l’abondance microbienne bactérienne et fongique. Cependant, l’apport d’exsudats racinaires synthétiques dans les colonnes a stimulé le développement microbien et amélioré la disponibilité de l’aluminium et du fer et la séquestration du calcium. Parmi les plantes testées, la lavande et le lavandin ont été sélectionnés. Deux essais successifs de plantations ont été menés in situ sur une verse d’argilite âgée (10 ans) durant un an. Le lavandin s’est mieux développé que la lavande et a été conservé pour la deuxième étude in situ. La comparaison de la partie plantée de la verse avec la partie nue a montré (i) une diminution significative des quantités de calcium, strontium, fer et soufre lixiviées (ii) une réduction importante de la quantité de matériel érodé (de deux ordres de grandeur) sur le talus planté par rapport au non planté (iii) un développement microbien et un taux de mycorhization important des racines. En conclusion, même si les molécules antioxydantes n’inhibent pas significativement l’altération de l’argilite, le lavandin s’est révélé une plante tout à fait pertinente pour la phytostabilisation des verses et la production de molécules antioxydantes in situ a été montrée / This study is a part of the deep disposal site development for radioactive waste in Meuse-Haute Marne (France), most specifically on the bio-physico-chemical conversion of sedimentary clay rocks (Callovo-Oxfordian, COx), excavated and stored on surface in the form of heap. During the experimental and operational phases, several million cubic meters of argillite will be excavated. Argillite stored in the open air will be exposed to meteoritic alterations, oxidizing conditions of surface and colonized biologically (plants, bacteria, fungi). The aim of the thesis is to study the impact of naturally derived antioxidants from revegetation of heap with antioxidant-producing plants on the physical, chemical or microbial weathering processes of argillite. This work was designed to (i) identify suitable naturally derived antioxidants and the plants to produce them (ii) assess the antioxidant inhibitory effects on weathering and leaching COx metals in the laboratory, (iv) field test selected plants on the heap, (iii) follow in situ physicochemical and microbiological evolution of the argillite heap planted with antioxidant producing plants. In the laboratory, percolating model antioxidants of Lamiaceae (linalool, thymol, carvacrol) through a packed column of argillite showed variable water weathering/leaching rate depending on the metal elements present; very low for aluminum (<1 ‰), between 1-3% for other metals (Ca, Mg, Fe ...) and reach more than 60% for sodium. With thymol at 20 mg/l for 3 months, it was found that there are a decrease in sulfur leached amount and the metal elements from the sulfides (Fe, As) and carbonates (Ca, Sr) and inhibition of bacterial and fungal microflora growths. However, intake of artificial root exudates in columns stimulates microbial growth, improves the availability of aluminum, iron and provides sequestration of calcium. Among the tested plants, lavender and lavandin were selected. Two successive plantation tests were carried out in situ on a heap of old argillite (10 years) for one year. The lavandin grew better than lavender and was retained for the second study in situ. The comparison of the planted part of the COx heap with bare COx showed (i) a significant reduction in the quantities of calcium, strontium, iron and sulfur leached (ii) a significant reduction (by two orders of magnitude) to the amount of eroded material on the slope planted compared to unplanted (iii) a significant rate of mycorrhiza roots and microbial growth. In conclusion, although the naturally derived antioxidants did not significantly inhibit the alteration of argillite, the lavandin is an excellent plant for phytostabilisation of heap and for production of antioxidants.

A teca é uma árvore de grande importância comercial pelas características de cor e durabilidade de sua madeira. Devido a sua rusticidade e fácil adaptação ao clima, plantios de teca tornam-se cada vez mais atrativos ao redor do mundo. Contudo, esta espécie apresenta escassez de estudos genéticos moleculares a respeito tanto de sua madeira, quanto de sua tolerância às variações ambientais. Uma vez que o transcriptoma pode apresentar grande quantidade de informação a respeito dos genes expressos por um conjunto celular, neste trabalho foi realizado o primeiro transcriptoma de teca, onde foram sequenciadas flores, folhas, raízes e seedlings pela tecnologia Illumina. A montagem do transcriptoma foi realizada com o programa Trinity acima de 100 milhões de reads e gerou mais de 400 mil contigs, os quais tiveram as anotações funcionais adquiridas com o programa Blas2GO. 51% dos contigs foram anotados, mostrando alta similaridade com as espécies Vitis vinifera e Solanum licopersicum; destes, 78% obtiveram anotações funcionais com o Gene Ontology, totalizando 5.165 termos para Processo Biológico, 2.846 termos para Função Molecular e 742 para Componente Celular. A expressão diferencial foi obtida com o programa edgeR a 5% de probabilidade de erro e mostrou que, para 187.315 contigs montados através da fusão de todas as bibliotecas sequenciadas, 18 mostraram expressão diferencial para flor, 14 para folha, 13 para raiz e 29 para seedling. Após a etapa de caracterização do transcriptoma, foi realizado um experimento de estresse por déficit hídrico em casa-de-vegetação, onde plantas de teca foram submetidas a estresse Moderado (40% de água no substrato por 20 dias), estresse Severo (20 a 40% de água por 30 dias) e tratamento controle (substrato saturado). As medições através de analisador de gases por infravermelho (IRGA) mostraram queda na fotossíntese (até 70% a menos do que o controle), na transpiração (até 77%) e na condutância estomática (até 85%) entre os tratamentos; além disto, o conteúdo relativo de água foliar caiu 13% entre o tratamento severo e o controle, e níveis de prolina livre foram até 3,5 vezes mais altos nos tratamentos de estresse. A temperatura foliar aumentou significativamente com o aumento da irradiância de fótons aplicada. A busca por genes relacionados ao estresse por déficit hídrico na biblioteca de transcritos de Raiz retornou 1.145 sequências, e destas, 4 foram caracterizadas: TgTPS (trealose 6-fosfato sintase), TgPIP (aquaporina, proteína intrínseca de membrana plasmática), TgDREB2 (proteína de ligação a elemento responsivo a desidratação) e TgAREB (proteína de ligação a elemento responsivo a ácido abscísico). Apenas TgTPS, TgPIP e TgDREB2 mostraram alto grau de conservação entre as espécies, podendo ser corretamente amplificadas via PCR e validadas por sequenciamento. Assim, com o banco de dados de transcritos obtido pelo RNA-seq, foi possível identificar genes candidatos ao estudo de características vegetativas e reprodutivas de teca, contribuindo para entender os mecanismos moleculares desta espécie florestal. / Teak is a tree of great commercial importance by the characteristics of color and durability of its wood. Due to its hardiness and easy adaptation to climate, teak plantations become increasingly attractive around the world. However, this species has a lack of molecular genetic studies on both of its wood, as their tolerance to environmental variations. Once the transcriptome can provide lots of information about the genes expressed by a cell group, this work represents the first transcriptome teak, which were sequenced flowers, leaves, roots and seedlings by Illumina technology. The transcriptome assembly was performed with Trinity program above 100 million reads and generated more than 400,000 contigs, which have acquired the functional annotations with Blas2GO program. 51% of the contigs were annotaded, showing high similarity to Vitis vinifera and Solanum licopersicum; of these, 78% had functional annotations with the Gene Ontology, totaling 5,165 terms for Biological Process, 2846 terms for Molecular Function and 742 for Cell Component. The differential expression was obtained with the edgeR program at 5% probability of error and showed that for 187,315 contigs assembled by merging all sequenced libraries, 18 showed differential expression to flower, 14 to leaf, 13 to root and 29 for seedling. After this step of characterization of the transcriptome, we performed a stress experiment by water deficit at greenhouse, where teak plants were subjected to Moderate stress (40% of water in the substrate for 20 days), Severe stress (20 to 40% water for 30 days) and control treatment (saturated substrate). Measurements by infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) showed a decrease in photosynthesis (up to 70% less than the control), transpiration (up 77%) and stomatal conductance (up 85%) between treatments; furthermore, leaf relative water content dropped 13% between the treatment control and severe, and free proline levels were up to 3.5 fold greater in stress treatments. The leaf temperature increased significantly with increasing irradiance of photons applied. The search for genes related to stress by water deficit in the root transcripts library returned 1,145 sequences, and these, 4 were characterized: TgTPS (trehalose 6-phosphate synthase), TgPIP (aquaporin, protein intrinsic of plasma membrane), TgDREB2 (dehydration responsive element binding protein) and TgAREB (abscisic acid responsive element binding protein). Only TgTPS, TgPIP and TgDREB2 showed a high degree of conservation between species, and can be properly amplified by PCR and validated by sequencing. Thus, with the database of transcripts obtained by RNA-seq, candidate genes were identified for the study of vegetative and reproductive characteristics teak, helping to understand the molecular mechanisms of this forest species.

Wang, Yanli. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-104). / In English with some Chinese characters; abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.I / Abstract --- p.III / 摘要 --- p.V / Table of Content --- p.VII / List of Figures --- p.XIII / List of Tables --- p.XV / Abbreviations --- p.XVI / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- The development history and present situation of Traditional Chinese Medicine --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3. --- Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4. --- Authentication of Traditional Chinese Medicines --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5. --- Methods for authentication of Traditional Chinese Medicine --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5.1. --- Morphological and histological methods --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5.2. --- Chemical methods --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5.3. --- Molecular methods --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6. --- DNA regions suitable for molecular authentication of Traditional Chinese Medicine --- p.8 / Chapter 1.6.1. --- The chloroplast genome --- p.8 / Chapter 1.6.2. --- Nuclear sequences --- p.9 / Chapter 1.6.3. --- Mitochondrial genome --- p.12 / Chapter 1.7. --- Herb Tu Si Zi --- p.12 / Chapter 1.7.1. --- The identity of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tu Si Zi --- p.12 / Chapter 1.7.2. --- The medicinal values of Tu Si Zi --- p.13 / Chapter 1.7.3. --- Local substitutes of Tu Si Zi --- p.14 / Chapter 1.7.4. --- The need for molecular authentication of Tu Si Zi --- p.15 / Chapter 1.8. --- Traditional Chinese Medicinal herbs from Isodon --- p.15 / Chapter 1.8.1. --- The genus Isodon --- p.15 / Chapter 1.8.2. --- Xi Huang Cao --- p.16 / Chapter 1.8.2.1. --- Identity of Xi Huang Cao --- p.16 / Chapter 1.8.2.2. --- Medicinal values of Xi Huang Cao --- p.17 / Chapter 1.8.2.3. --- Confusions of herb Xi Huang Cao --- p.17 / Chapter 1.8.3. --- Dong Ling Cao --- p.18 / Chapter 1.8.3.1. --- Identity of Dong Ling Cao --- p.18 / Chapter 1.8.3.2. --- Medicinal values of Dong Ling Cao --- p.18 / Chapter 1.8.4. --- The molecular authentication of two Isodon herbs --- p.19 / Chapter 1.9. --- Fagaropsis and Luvunga --- p.20 / Chapter 1.9.1. --- The classification of Rutaceae --- p.20 / Chapter 1.9.2. --- Controversial taxonomic issues with Fagaropsis and Luvunga --- p.21 / Chapter 1.9.3. --- The need of phylogenetic studies of genus Fagaropsis and Luvunga --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Objectives --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Materials and Methods --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1. --- Samples used in this study --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Tu Si Zi (Dodder seeds) --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Isodon herbs --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1.3. --- Fagaropsis and Luvunga --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2. --- Methods --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Sample preparation --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Total DNA extraction --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.2.1. --- Cetyltriethylammonium bromide extraction --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.2.2. --- Commercial kit extraction --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- DNA amplification --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.3.1. --- psbA-trnH intergenic spacer --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.3.2. --- trnL-trnF region --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.3.3. --- ITS region --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.4. --- Agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.5. --- Purification of PCR product --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.6. --- Cloning --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.6.1. --- Ligation --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.6.2. --- Transformation --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.6.3. --- Cell cultivation --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.6.4. --- Plasmid extraction --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.6.5. --- Insert confirmation --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.7. --- DNA sequencing --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.7.1. --- Cycle sequencing --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.7.2. --- Purification of cycle sequencing product --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.7.3. --- DNA analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.8. --- Sequence analysis and phylogeny construction --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Tu Si Zi (Dodder Seeds) - Results and Discussion --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1. --- Results --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Dendrogram constructed using psbA-trnH intergenic spacer --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Dendrogram constructed using trnL-trnF region --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1.3. --- Dendrogram constructed with the combination of psbA-trnH and trnL-trnF region --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- Discussion --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Identification of DNA markers for Cuscuta species --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Molecular authentication of dodder seeds --- p.60 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Isodon herbs - Results and Discussion --- p.64 / Chapter 5.1. --- Results --- p.64 / Chapter 5.1.1. --- Dendrogram constructed with internal transcribed spacer 1 --- p.64 / Chapter 5.1.2. --- Dendrogram established with internal transcribed spacer 2 --- p.65 / Chapter 5.1.3. --- Dendrogram established with the whole internal transcribed spacer region --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2. --- Discussion --- p.73 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- ITS region performing as DNA marker for Dong Ling Cao --- p.73 / Chapter 5.2.2. --- The identify of TCM materials of Xi Huang Cao --- p.73 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Fagaropsis and Luvunga - Results and Discussion --- p.75 / Chapter 6.1. --- Results --- p.75 / Chapter 6.1.1. --- Phylogenetic tree constructed with internal transcribed spacer 1 --- p.76 / Chapter 6.1.2. --- Phylogenetic tree constructed with trnL-trnF region --- p.76 / Chapter 6.1.3. --- Phylogenetic tree constructed with combined of trnL-trnF region and ITS-1 region --- p.77 / Chapter 6.1.4. --- The location of Fagaropsis and Luvunga in 3 different phylogenetic trees --- p.78 / Chapter 6.2. --- Discussion --- p.85 / Chapter 6.2.1. --- Fagaropsis 一 a member of the ´بProto-Rutaceae´ة group --- p.85 / Chapter 6.2.2. --- Luvunga 一 a member of Aurantioideae --- p.86 / Chapter 6.2.3. --- DNA sequencing providing a useful methodology in plant phylogenetic studies --- p.87 / Chapter Chapter 7. --- Conclusions --- p.89 / References --- p.90 / Appendix 1. Sequence alignment ofpsbA-trnH intergenic spacer of dodder --- p.105 / Appendix 2. Sequence alignment of trnL-trnF region of dodder samples --- p.108 / Appendix 3. Sequence alignment of ITS region of Isodon herbs and specimens --- p.117 / Appendix 4. Sequence alignment of ITS-1 region of Rutaceae species --- p.124 / Appendix 5. Sequence alignment of trnL-trnF region of Rutaceae species --- p.129

Six new compounds were isolated from the aerial and root parts of S. viridis L. cv. Blue Jeans. Two new triterpenoids, lup-20(29)-ene-2α-acetate-3β-ol, and lup-20(29)-ene-2α-ol-3β-acetate were found in the aerial part together with lup-20(29)-ene-2α-3β-diol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol glucoside. Three new diterpenoids, 1-oxomicrostegiol, viroxocane, viridoquinone, together with five known diterpenoids, ferruginol, salvinolonyl 12-methyl ether, microstegiol, 7α-acetoxy-14-hydroxy-8,13-abietadiene-11,12-dione and 7α,14-dihydroxy-8,13-abietadiene-11,12-dione were found in roots. 1-Docosyl ferulate, 2'',3''-di-O-acetyl-martynoside and a mixture of 2-(4'-alkoxy-phenyl) ethyl alkanoates were also isolated from roots. Seven caffeic acid derivatives, five flavonoid glycosides, and salidroside were found in the crude aerial fraction. Four caffeic acid derivatives were known phenylpropanoids, i.e. trans-, cis-verbascoside, leucosceptoside A and martynoside, which are now reported in the genus Salvia for the first time. The others were caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and 6-O-caffeoyl-glucose. A new flavonoid glycoside, luteolin-7-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-galactopyranoside was also identified in the aerial part with four known flavone glycosides: luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-β-galactopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside and apigenin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside. Verbascoside (acteoside), which is a major component in this plant, showed a significant protective effect against UVA induced damage in a human skin fibroblast model in vitro. It exhibited 1.4 fold protective effect against UVA induced necrosis with 1.4 fold higher in cell survival. 50 μM Verbascoside showed the same protective effect as 100 μM DFO at a high intensity UVA dose (500 kJ/m2). Further determination of organelle specific protection suggested a mechanism of action in mitochondria. Two terpenoids, lup-20(29)-ene-2α-acetate-3β-ol and 7α,14-dihydroxy-8,13-abieta-diene-11,12-dione, exhibited antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis with MIC 50 μM. Microstegiol was also active against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC 50 μM. Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and ferruginol showed appreciable antibacterial activity against three Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus with MIC 12.5-50 μM. The other diterpenoids were active against all three Gram-positive bacteria with MIC 100-200 μM. None of crude fractions was active against three Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, and Escherichia coli.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009. / Includes abstract. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Febrary 1, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references. Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.

published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

published_or_final_version / Pharmacology / Master / Master of Philosophy

La croissance démographique, la consommation incontrôlée des ressources naturelles ainsi que l’activité industrielle jouent un rôle déterminant dans la dégradation de l'environnement mondial. A ce sujet et en se basant sur le concept que les consommateurs partagent la responsabilité de la pollution et de l'épuisement des ressources et leur coût, la mise en oeuvre des ressources renouvelables dans les processus industriels apparait comme une clé décisive. La renouvelabilité, la recyclabilité, la durabilité, la biodégradabilité sont les concepts de base sur lesquels nous pouvons compter pour protéger la nature et l’environnement. Dans ce contexte, une nouvelle approche de la bioraffinage a été développée dans cette thèse, elle a été appliquée à cinq espèces appartenant à 3 familles différentes (Foeniculum vulagre, Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi (Apiaceae), Salvia hispania (Lamiaceae) et Amaranthus cruentus (Amaranthaceae)). Ces espèces partagent une caractéristique commune, elles peuvent être définies comme Aroma Tincto Oleo Crops (ATOC) puisqu’elles sont une source d'huile végétale et d'huile essentielle (ou de colorant). Notre objectif est donc de déterminer la faisabilité biologique et technologique de l'application du concept ATOC-bioraffinage basé sur le développement, l'optimisation et la production de nouveaux produits biologiques, des nouvelles molécules biosourcées et d'autres technologies innovantes. Notre étude met l'accent sur l'évaluation de divers paramètres influençant le rendement et la qualité de l’huile dans les graines d'ATOC, y compris leurs origines géographiques et le procédé d'extraction, et leur impact sur l'activité biologique des extraits de résidus. La valorisation des huiles pour des applications dans l’industrie cosmétique a été realisée en les utilisant comme (i) additifs dans des formulations de crème hydratante. De plus, l’utilité du tourteau d'extraction comme (ii) substrat pour la fabrication d'agromatériaux par thermopressage et comme (iii) un ingrédient dans des formulations de pain de blé entier a été examinée.