Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 310-328).

Thesis (M.Comm.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009. / Full text also available online. Scroll down for electronic link.

"Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, Diss., 2001"--T.p. verso. / Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis explores social policy outcomes of the FTLRP. The thesis comes from an appreciation that there has been a lot of attention that has been given to the process and outcomes of the FTLRP. Various and sometimes antagonistic analytical frameworks have been employed by different scholars who come from different epistemological standings resulting in academic polarity on the subject of the FTLRP in Zimbabwe. This thesis transcends all the analytical frameworks to provide a unique perspective of the extent to which the FTLRP achieved social policy outcomes. Some of the scholars who have written on this subject have grappled with some of the social policy outcomes without however a deliberate focus on social policy outcomes. The main contribution of this thesis to the body of knowledge is its exploration of the extent to which the FTLRP has been a social policy tool that has achieved social policy outcomes. This is important because for a long time land reform has not been generally considered as a social policy tool in the main stream social policy literature. The reason for this is that social policy literature has been dominated by OECD scholars who naturally focused more on social policy tools that are more relevant to their contexts. In the process they have sought to transpose the tools that are more prevalent in their contexts to Africa. Consequently, social policy tools from the global south, such as land reform, have not featured in any significant way in mainstream social policy literature. The thesis used the transformative social policy framework in both the research and analysis of the data. The conceptual framework identifies five functions of social policy namely redistribution, production, protection, reproduction and social cohesion. Using a mixed methods approach, the thesis interrogated the extent to which the five functions of social policy were realised by the FTLRP. Research findings have shown that the major outcome that was unequivocally realised was redistribution. This is so because the country’s agrarian structure dramatically changed from a bi-modal set up where 6000 white farmers owned more than 35 percent of the arable land to a new structure where about 180 000 households of diverse backgrounds, inter alia former farm workers, people from communal areas, civil servants, war veterans, pensioners, government senior civil servants and the unemployed, now work and live on the same land. The other four social policy functions were achieved to varying degrees. Lastly, the research looked at the human development outcomes of the FTLRP by focusing on the state of education in the resettled areas. The research observed that the FTLRP increased both primary (13%) and secondary (31%) education accessibility for the children of land beneficiaries. Due to the abrupt nature with which education services were on demand, the quality was compromised. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

No Brasil já existem vários estudos sobre impactos de assentamentos da reforma agrária de diferentes regiões do país. Este estudo visa perceber os resultados sociais econômicos e ambientais de um assentamento de reforma agrária, na segunda região considerada mais pobre do Paraná, a região da Cantuquiriguaçu, situada no centro sul do Estado e que tem Laranjeiras do Sul como cidade polo. Uma região considerada pouco desenvolvida, por isso incluída nas políticas de desenvolvimento do governo federal como território da cidadania, onde deve-se efetuar mais investimentos públicos para equilibrar com o desenvolvimento das demais regiões. Começa-se por fazer um breve recorrido histórico sobre a ideia de desenvolvimento que surge após a segunda Guerra Mundial, como preocupação com a situação do não desenvolvimento dos países do terceiro mundo. É um conceito formulado nos países ricos, em especial nos EUA e desde esta percepção se articula todo um conjunto de instituições e políticas para levar o desenvolvimento aos países pobres. São feitas críticas a essa proposição, e a maneira como se percebe o desenvolvimento e a pobreza nos países do terceiro mundo, de onde surgem teorias que mostram e desnudam os laços entre desenvolvimento e subdesenvolvimento ou pobreza ou até da impossibilidade de desenvolvimento nos marcos dos controles do imperialismo, que surge com a concentração e centralização de capitais após o desenvolvimento industrial em grandes empresas dos países centrais do capitalismo, que subordinam os demais países. Busca-se mostrar como o desenvolvimento, na lógica proposta, chegou ao campo, no que se convencionou chamar Revolução Verde, com todos os problemas sociais, ambientais e econômicos, que provocou, modernizando e esvaziando o campo de forma “dolorosa”. Na atual fase da modernização, com as crescentes crises do capitalismo de forma generalizada, o termo desenvolvimento adquire formatos diversos e é proposto em diferentes escalas, evoca participação democrática, abre-se para as questões ambientais e sociais, etc. Os críticos em geral não avalizam estas proposições que querem controlar os processos sociais, mas põem-se do lado do multivariado campesinato e agricultura familiar, que emergiram nos últimos anos como sujeitos importantes, resistindo à exclusão, buscando alternativas ao projeto do capital. Para poder dialogar e definir posições ou caminhos, foi escolhido o Assentamento Oito de Junho, em Laranjeiras do Sul, para ver os resultados da reforma agrária nos aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais. E desde os resultados apurados tecer uma reflexão sobre as condições em que vivem as pessoas, se estão satisfeitas e se se pode tomar esta situação como uma perspectiva para o desenvolvimento do campo na ótica do campesinato. Também se procura inferir da situação apresentada, sobre a importância da reforma agrária e sua atualidade como solução para os pobres do campo e a contribuição social para o desenvolvimento do entorno municipal e regional e como tal para o país. / In Brazil there are many studies on the impacts of land reform settlements in different regions of the country. This study aims to understand the social, economic and environmental impacts of a land reform settlement, considered the second poorest region of Paraná, Cantuquiriguaçu region, located in the center south of the state and has Laranjeiras do Sul as a hub city. A re-gion considered undeveloped, so included in the development policies of the federal govern-ment as a territory of citizenship, which should make more public investment to balance the development of other regions. First a brief overview on the idea of historical development that arises after the Second World War it is made, as concern about the situation of non-development of third world countries. It is a concept formulated in rich countries, especially the United States and since this perception is articulated around a set of institutions and poli-cies to bring development to poor countries. Critical are made to this proposition and the way the development and poverty are perceive in third world countries, where theories that arise undress and show the links between development and underdevelopment or poverty or even the impossibility of development within the landmarks of the controls of imperialism, that comes with the concentration and centralization of capital after the industrial development in large companies in the core countries of capitalism that subordinate other countries. Seeks to show how the development in the proposed logic, arrived in the camp, the so-called Green Revolution, with all the social, environmental and economic factors that caused upgrading and emptying the field "painfully." In the current phase of modernization, with the growing crises of capitalism across the board, the term development takes many shapes and is offered at different scales, evokes democratic participation, opens to the environmental and social issues, etc. Critics generally do not endorse these propositions that want to control social processes, but they put up on the side of multivariate peasants and family farmers, which have emerged in recent years as an important subject, resisting exclusion, seeking alternatives to the project's capital. To discuss and define positions or paths was chosen Settlement Oito de Junho in Laranjeiras do Sul to see the results of agrarian reform in the economic, social and environmental. And since the results obtained weave a reflection on the conditions in which people live, whether they are satisfied and if we can take this as a perspective for the devel-opment of the field in the view of the peasantry or the family farm. Also seeks to infer from the situation presented on the importance of agrarian reform and its relevance as a solution to the rural poor and social contribution for the development of the surrounding city and region and as such for the country.

No Brasil já existem vários estudos sobre impactos de assentamentos da reforma agrária de diferentes regiões do país. Este estudo visa perceber os resultados sociais econômicos e ambientais de um assentamento de reforma agrária, na segunda região considerada mais pobre do Paraná, a região da Cantuquiriguaçu, situada no centro sul do Estado e que tem Laranjeiras do Sul como cidade polo. Uma região considerada pouco desenvolvida, por isso incluída nas políticas de desenvolvimento do governo federal como território da cidadania, onde deve-se efetuar mais investimentos públicos para equilibrar com o desenvolvimento das demais regiões. Começa-se por fazer um breve recorrido histórico sobre a ideia de desenvolvimento que surge após a segunda Guerra Mundial, como preocupação com a situação do não desenvolvimento dos países do terceiro mundo. É um conceito formulado nos países ricos, em especial nos EUA e desde esta percepção se articula todo um conjunto de instituições e políticas para levar o desenvolvimento aos países pobres. São feitas críticas a essa proposição, e a maneira como se percebe o desenvolvimento e a pobreza nos países do terceiro mundo, de onde surgem teorias que mostram e desnudam os laços entre desenvolvimento e subdesenvolvimento ou pobreza ou até da impossibilidade de desenvolvimento nos marcos dos controles do imperialismo, que surge com a concentração e centralização de capitais após o desenvolvimento industrial em grandes empresas dos países centrais do capitalismo, que subordinam os demais países. Busca-se mostrar como o desenvolvimento, na lógica proposta, chegou ao campo, no que se convencionou chamar Revolução Verde, com todos os problemas sociais, ambientais e econômicos, que provocou, modernizando e esvaziando o campo de forma “dolorosa”. Na atual fase da modernização, com as crescentes crises do capitalismo de forma generalizada, o termo desenvolvimento adquire formatos diversos e é proposto em diferentes escalas, evoca participação democrática, abre-se para as questões ambientais e sociais, etc. Os críticos em geral não avalizam estas proposições que querem controlar os processos sociais, mas põem-se do lado do multivariado campesinato e agricultura familiar, que emergiram nos últimos anos como sujeitos importantes, resistindo à exclusão, buscando alternativas ao projeto do capital. Para poder dialogar e definir posições ou caminhos, foi escolhido o Assentamento Oito de Junho, em Laranjeiras do Sul, para ver os resultados da reforma agrária nos aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais. E desde os resultados apurados tecer uma reflexão sobre as condições em que vivem as pessoas, se estão satisfeitas e se se pode tomar esta situação como uma perspectiva para o desenvolvimento do campo na ótica do campesinato. Também se procura inferir da situação apresentada, sobre a importância da reforma agrária e sua atualidade como solução para os pobres do campo e a contribuição social para o desenvolvimento do entorno municipal e regional e como tal para o país. / In Brazil there are many studies on the impacts of land reform settlements in different regions of the country. This study aims to understand the social, economic and environmental impacts of a land reform settlement, considered the second poorest region of Paraná, Cantuquiriguaçu region, located in the center south of the state and has Laranjeiras do Sul as a hub city. A re-gion considered undeveloped, so included in the development policies of the federal govern-ment as a territory of citizenship, which should make more public investment to balance the development of other regions. First a brief overview on the idea of historical development that arises after the Second World War it is made, as concern about the situation of non-development of third world countries. It is a concept formulated in rich countries, especially the United States and since this perception is articulated around a set of institutions and poli-cies to bring development to poor countries. Critical are made to this proposition and the way the development and poverty are perceive in third world countries, where theories that arise undress and show the links between development and underdevelopment or poverty or even the impossibility of development within the landmarks of the controls of imperialism, that comes with the concentration and centralization of capital after the industrial development in large companies in the core countries of capitalism that subordinate other countries. Seeks to show how the development in the proposed logic, arrived in the camp, the so-called Green Revolution, with all the social, environmental and economic factors that caused upgrading and emptying the field "painfully." In the current phase of modernization, with the growing crises of capitalism across the board, the term development takes many shapes and is offered at different scales, evokes democratic participation, opens to the environmental and social issues, etc. Critics generally do not endorse these propositions that want to control social processes, but they put up on the side of multivariate peasants and family farmers, which have emerged in recent years as an important subject, resisting exclusion, seeking alternatives to the project's capital. To discuss and define positions or paths was chosen Settlement Oito de Junho in Laranjeiras do Sul to see the results of agrarian reform in the economic, social and environmental. And since the results obtained weave a reflection on the conditions in which people live, whether they are satisfied and if we can take this as a perspective for the devel-opment of the field in the view of the peasantry or the family farm. Also seeks to infer from the situation presented on the importance of agrarian reform and its relevance as a solution to the rural poor and social contribution for the development of the surrounding city and region and as such for the country.

Orientador: Enrique Ortega Rodríguez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T11:16:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_AlexandreMonteiro_D.pdf: 2423900 bytes, checksum: 31c002482baa4999decb832f402d6a98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a sustentabilidade de um projeto de implantação de uma microdestilaria de etanol junto a um grupo de pequenos agricultores do assentamento Gleba XV de Novembro, município de Rosana, região do Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo, Brasil. Esta pesquisa foi motivada por duas razões principais. A primeira é avaliar uma alternativa a produção de etanol em larga escala que vem causando danos ao meio ambiente como a poluição dos cursos d¿água, do solo e da atmosfera (devido à queima da palha da cana), diminuindo a área destinada à produção de alimentos, além das péssimas condições enfrentadas pelos trabalhadores rurais no corte da cana. O outro motivo é atender ao interesse de um grupo de agricultores do assentamento de reforma agrária ¿Gleba XV de Novembro¿, na implantação de uma microdestilaria de álcool combustível para gerar renda e postos de trabalho. Mediante o uso de cenários, da metodologia emergética, de indicadores econômico-financeiros e de ferramentas participativas foram verificados os efeitos da inserção da microdestilaria no grupo estudado. Os resultados mostram que: (a) o projeto da implantação da microdestilaria apresentou bons indicadores de desempenho emergético (ELR = 0,41;%R = 71%), porém o bom desempenho ambiental exige um processo de integração dos subprodutos da microdestilaria com a agricultura e pecuária local, pois sem integração o desempenho ambiental diminuiu (ELR = 0,73; %R = 58%); (b) o projeto da microdestilaria é um investimento viável (TRC = 3,32 anos, PE = 24,35%, TIR = 20% e VPL = R$ 167.540, 82); (c) o projeto oferece condições de inclusão social, pois pode gerar renda e postos de trabalho (podendo chegar a 6 empregos diretos). Portanto é um projeto que pode contribuir com a elaboração de políticas para a produção de etanol e para o desenvolvimento dos assentamentos rurais / Abstract: This study aimed to assess the sustainability of a project of a small scale ethanol distillery in a group of peasants in the settlement ¿Gleba XV de Novembro¿, Rosana County, Pontal do Paranapanema region, São Paulo State, Brazil. This research was motivated by two main reasons. The first is evaluating an alternative to large scale ethanol production. Large scale has caused several damages in the environment as pollution of waterways, land and atmosphere (due to burning before the harvesting). In addition, the expansion of sugarcane crops is reducing the area for food production and the rural workers have facing up very bad working conditions. The other reason is to supply the interest of a peasant group of "Gleba XV de Novembro" settlement in the realization of an ethanol microdistillery to provide income and jobs opportunities for themselves and their sons. Therefore, the effects of micro-distillery insertion in this study group were verified through the use of scenarios approach, emergy methodology, economic indicators and participatory tools. The results demonstrate that: (a) the implementation of the project obtained good emergy performance indicators (ELR = 0.41,% R = 71%), although the good environmental performance requires an integrated management of the distillery byproducts with local agriculture and livestock, because the environmental performance for without integration decreased (ELR = 0.73% R = 58%); (c) the distillery project is a viable (TRC = 3.32 years, PE = 24 , 35% IRR = 20% and NPV = U.S. $ 167,540, 82); (d) the project provides conditions for social inclusion, because it can generate income and jobs (which may possibly reach 6 direct jobs). Therefore, the project considering micro-distillery integrated with agriculture and livestock is able to contribute to the development of public polices for a more sustainable ethanol production and improvement of rural settlements / Doutorado / Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

This thesis is a field study focusing on change in the agricultural landscape following Ukraine’s post-independence land reform, in which Soviet era collective and state farms were dissolved and the ownership of 30 million hectares of agricultural land was distributed to former collective farm workers. It is based on an eight-week field visit to the southern Ukrainian province of Kherson, during which time the author was able to interview 21 farmers and agricultural officials. Economists, anthropologists and even political scientists have examined post-independence Ukrainian agriculture, and more specifically discussed reasons for the widely-observed continuities between agriculture today and under the Soviet period, despite sweeping reforms. Despite the prominence of land reform as a research subject in landscape studies, there are few landscape treatments of Ukrainian agriculture in English.  The main purpose of this thesis then was to connect the empirical data I gathered in Kherson to landscape and political ecology perspectives in order to develop and explore a research problem dealing with Ukrainian agricultural continuity and change from a geographic perspective. The main conclusion is that a landscape perspective has much to contribute with respect to the debate on Ukrainian agriculture. Specifically, conceiving of the agricultural landscape as landesque capital – long-term land improvements tied to specific agricultural knowledge systems and organizational forms – helps to understand how a heavily capitalized landscape can exert an inertial impact on future developments, thereby (re)producing continuity.

Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS) / The government of Zimbabwe started implementing its fast track resettlement programme in July 2000, the objective being to accelerate both land acquisition and land redistribution. This programme witnessed a massive movement of people from various localities into mainly large-scale commercial farms in search of agricultural land. Under this programme, people were settled under the A1 model (which involves villages and land use pattern similar to those found in communal areas) as well as the A2 model, which involves commercial farming. This study investigates, documents and analyses the opportunities and constraints currently being faced by newly resettled crop production farmers in one example of an A1 model resettlement project (Fair Ranch Estate in Masvingo Province). A questionnaire was used to gather data on livelihood sources, income, assets and also aspects of the associational life of crop production farmers. Seventy households were interviewed, and a number of key informant interviews were undertaken with both government officials and the local leadership. The greatest opportunity that A1 crop production farmers in Fair Range Estate experienced was the fact that they now have access to land that they can call their own, without having to go through the market to try to acquire such land. In terms of crop production, however, farmers in Fair Range Estate face a number of challenges and constraints: they lack adequate access to tillage and livestock; the supply of inputs is inadequate; generally negative socio economic conditions prevailing in the country have led to sharp increases in prices of all basic commodities, including inputs such as fertilisers and seeds; they lack tenure security; the amount of rainfall received in the area is generally not sufficient for crop production; and many lack crop production skills. Measures to reverse this decline must include the availability of foreign currency to buy spare parts for tractors, rebuilding of the national herd, which was greatly affected by both drought and the disturbance of commercial agriculture as a result of the controversial land reform programme. Fuel should also become more readily available, and urgent policy measures be put in place to revamp institutional frameworks in the agricultural sector to make them more farmer-oriented. / South Africa

Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS) / Communal land tenure reform in Zambia is the overarching subject of study in this thesis. It is an important issue across southern Africa, raising questions of governance, livelihood security and conservation. WIldlife is a 'fugitive' and 'mobile' resource that traverses the spatially fixed tenure of communal lands, national parks and public forest reserves. The management of wildlife therefore requires that spatially defined proprietorial rights accommodate wildlife's temporal forage use. Land may bebounded in tenure, but if bounded by fences its utility as wildlife habitat is undermined. If land is unfenced, but its landholder cannot use wildlife then it is more a liability than an asset. Africa's terrestrial wildlife has enormous biodiversity value but its mobility requires management collaboration throughout its range, and the resolution of conflicting ecological and economic management scales. The paper does not aim to describe and explain the internal communal system of tenure over land and natural resources but rather how the communal system interacts with the state and the private sector. / South Africa