Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Environmental Studies. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 242-265). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19834

Thesis (M. Env. St.)--University of Adelaide, Mawson Graduate Centre for Environmental Studies, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-173).

Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-98). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Mémoire (M.E.S.R.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1999. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Anthropology, August 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Bibliography: leaves [478]-495.

Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Scenic beauty, or landscape aesthetics, should be regarded as a valuable resource, to be protected and enhanced in order to generate income. Current environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies do not include the evaluation of scenic beauty as a resource properly, due to the lack of effective evaluation methods. A general dilemma lies in objectively evaluating beauty. If scenic preferences can be associated consistently with the physical landscape features, the latter can be used as predictors of the former. Analysis of aesthetics can therefore be done with a degree of objectivity, based on these general preferences. A large number of these preferences are morphologically measurable. In other words, these preferences can be mapped in a Geographical Information System (GIS), rated, and evaluated quantitatively. The first step in objectively evaluating landscape aesthetics entailed identification and compilation from the literature of conceptual components in a landscape, i.e. the units defining a landscape. Four components were identified: landform, vegetation, water features and man-made features. Each of the four components can be subdivided into several elements. Secondly, scenic preferences that can be consistently associated with landscape features were identified. It was found that any subjective experience of landscape aesthetics would be either one of calmness or one of excitement. The presence or absence of the landscape elements, and specific combinations of elements and element variables within the context of an individual landscape, will determine the type and extent of the aesthetic experience of the viewer. Finally, this theory was put into practice. Coverages were created of a test region, with landscape elements as the features of the coverages, and element variables or characteristics as feature attributes. These landscape elements, as they enhance either calmness or excitement, were quantified by assigning value ratings to the elements according to the extent of the influence of the elements on the aesthetic value of the landscape. ArcInfo GRID functionality was used to convert the coverages to raster (or grid) overlays, using the element variables enhancing both calmness and excitement. A simple cumulative summing function was used to derive an aggregate Calm Aesthetic Experience map by adding grids enhancing calmness. An aggregate Exciting Aesthetic Experience map was constructed by adding grids enhancing excitement. Finally, these two grids were summed in order to construct a Total Aesthetic Experience map, which is an indication of the total aesthetic value of the test region. The outcome of this research was a method for analysis and objective evaluation of a landscape, using a GIS for data creation, analysis and map construction. The resultant map is an indication of aesthetic value, showing the test region graded according to intrinsic aesthetic value.

A arborização viária é um importante elemento ambiental que mitiga os efeitos que o processo de urbanização causa sobre o ambiente. São vários os fatores que se relacionam ao bom desenvolvimento das árvores nas cidades, entre os quais está o gerenciamento pelo poder público, a percepção dos moradores e as condições ambientais em que estão se desenvolvendo as espécies, principalmente as condições do solo. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar relações entre o solo, os moradores e as espécies arbóreas implicadas na arborização urbana no município de Pato Branco. Para tanto, delimitou-se como área de estudo cinco bairros com diferentes características de localização e renda no município: Centro, La Salle, Pinheiros, Aeroporto e Veneza. As espécies estudadas foram Lagerstroemia indica L. (extremosa), Schinus molle L. (aroeira), e Bauhinia variegata L. (pata-de-vaca), escolhidas por sua representatividade na arborização da cidade. Avaliou-se o solo utilizado por 114 indivíduos arbóreos nos cinco bairros e foram aplicados 123 questionários semi estruturados a fim de entender como os moradores desses bairros percebem a arborização urbana. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que há uma grande variabilidade de características dos solos estudados, os quais apresentam incorporação de materiais antrópicos, inversão de horizontes e ausência de camada orgânica em decomposição. Os resultados de granulometria revelaram que apesar da variabilidade de texturas nos pontos avaliados, a maioria dos solos analisados se enquadra na classe textural muito argilosa ou argilosa. O processo de urbanização da cidade de Pato Branco alterou substancialmente as propriedades químicas dos solos das espécies estudadas, sendo que a maioria apresentou relativo enriquecimento em bases trocáveis, o que antagoniza com a usual baixa fertilidade natural dos solos de Pato Branco. Também houve diferenças químicas quanto aos solos impermeabilizados pelo pavimento e não impermeabilizados, sendo que solos impermeabilizados apresentaram menores valores de matéria orgânica e maiores valores de Ca e pH. Os solos do bairro Centro parecem ser os mais alterados pelo processo de urbanização, sendo esse o bairro onde há maior porcentagem de areia adicionada ao solo, maior impermeabilização e quantidade de materiais advindos da construção civil. Quanto à percepção dos moradores, de forma geral os entrevistados parecem reconhecer a importância e as funções da arborização urbana. Entre os problemas percebidos pelos sujeitos da pesquisa, muitos são de ordem técnica e poderiam ser evitados através de um planejamento eficiente. Outros problemas percebidos são de ordem cultural, mais complexos e de difícil resolução. Os munícipes preferem principalmente as espécies que apresentam atrativos como floradas exuberantes e parecem valorizar as árvores que eles próprios escolheram para ter em frente às suas casas. Nesse sentido, é importante que as estratégias adotadas pelo poder público se ajustem às necessidades locais, preservem aspectos culturais, e contemplem, além dos aspectos técnicos relacionados à arborização, outros 9 aspectos de caráter mais lúdico, que atraiam e estimulem a população a se comprometerem com a mesma. / The street forestation is an important environmental element that mitigates the effects which the process of urbanization on the environment causes. There are various factors that relate to the good development of trees in cities; among them are the management by the government, the residents’ perception and the environmental conditions in which the species are evolving, especially soil conditions. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate relationships between soil, residents and the arboreal species regarding the urban forestry in Pato Branco. Therefore, it was delimited as study area five neighborhoods with different characteristics of location and income in the county: Centro, La Salle, Pinheiros, Aeroporto e Veneza. Lagerstroemia indica L. (crape myrtle), Schinus molle L. (california pepper tree), and Bauhinia variegata L. (orchid tree) were the species studied, chosen by their representation in the forestation of the city. It was evaluated the soil used by 114 tree individuals in the five neighborhoods and 123 semi-structured questionnaires were administered in order to understand how the residents of these neighborhoods perceive the urban forestation. The survey results indicate that there is a great variability concerning the characteristics of the soils studied which present incorporation of anthropogenic materials, inversion of horizons and absence of decaying organic layer. The results of sieve analysis showed that despite the variability of textures in evaluated points, most soils analyzed fit in the texture class of very clayey or loamy. The urbanization process in the city of Pato Branco has fundamentally altered the chemical properties of soils of the studied species, since most of them showed relative enrichment in exchangeable bases, which antagonizes with the low natural fertility of soils in Pato Branco. There were also chemical differences regarding the impermeable soils by pavement and the ones not impermeable, the impermeable soils presented lower levels of organic matter and higher values of Ca and pH. The soils in the center area seem to be the most affected by the urbanization process, where there is a higher percentage of sand added to the soil, and greater amount of waterproofing materials coming from civil construction. Regarding the perception of residents, in general the interviewees seem to recognize the importance and function of urban forestation. Among the problems perceived by the research subjects, many are technical in nature and could be avoided through an efficient planning. Other observed problems are cultural, more complex and difficult to solve. Residents prefer mainly the species that have attractive such as exuberant blooms and they seem to appreciate trees that they chose by themselves to have in front of their homes. Therefore, it is important to adjust the strategies adopted by the government to the local needs, preserve the cultural aspects, and contemplate besides the technical aspects related to forestation, other aspects in a ludic way, to attract and encourage people to commit themselves with forestation.

The work deals with the basic assessment of the landscape on the example Zbudovská blata focusing on wetlands around the locality Vomáčka. Basic landscape character assessment was carried out of selected areas L1, L2 and L3 in the cadastral area Zliv near České Budějovice. Wetlands are among Vomáčka are the nature reserve. Practical work includes landscape character assessment of the above sites. The field surveys were evaluated faunistic and floristic data at a basic level. The state of air pollution in the territory was considered too.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-13T13:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-10. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-13T13:32:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000854085.pdf: 2870938 bytes, checksum: b8ba03850ebefe9e481517493f5a6622 (MD5) / Ambientes aquáticos são usados de diversas maneiras pelo homem em seu cotidiano. Essa relação, no entando traz alguns tipos de distúrbios e estes ambientes, que se tornam degradados e requerem cuidados. Por incluir não só o curso d'água, mas também o contexto ambiental no qual ele esta incluído, essa recuperação precisa ser feita de modo mais amplo. Porém, ao mesmo tempo necessita canalizar esforços e recursos e pequenos detalhes e características do local. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é a criação de uma chave que contem, de maneira hierarquizada, orientações sobre a obtenção de informações sobre degradação, que possibilita a colaboração de um diagnóstico do meio biofísico e antrópico e orienta o usuário e na tomada decisões para restauração de forma facilitada e precisa. O procedimento para criar a chave constitui em tornar os itens hierarquizados e em casa um deles o usuário terá uma pergunta para ser respondida em termos de diagnóstico. Em função da resposta dada a pergunta o usuário será remetido a uma nova parte da chave com novas perguntas até chegar num ponto onde o diagnóstico estará concluído e as ações a serem tomadas visando à recuperação do local estarão disponíveis. A chave busca adequar seu uso ao maior número de situações possíveis, além de tomar mais precisas, corretas e rápidas as decisões para restauração. Visando exemplificar o uso da chave, o presente projeto ainda apresenta oito estudos de caso de locais situados em diferentes regiões ao longo do estado de São Paulo, com diferentes graus de degradação e de complexidade. Os estudos de caso serviram para verificar a exequibilidade do uso da chave. Dentre os estudos realizados a chave permitiu efetuar um diagnóstico adequado e as ações indicadas pertinentes conforme o contexto de cada local / Aquatic environments are used in different ways by man in their daily lives. This relation, however brings some types of these disorders in the environments which become degraded and require care. For including not only the stream, but also the environmental context in which it is included, this recovery needs to be made more broadly. But at the same time need to direct efforts and resources to small details and site characteristics. Therefore, the objective of this study is the creation of a key that contains, in a hierarchical manner, guidelines on the collection of information on degradation, which allows the production of a diagnosis of biophysical and anthropic environment and guides the user in decision taking for easy way to restore and precise. The procedure for creating the key is in making the hierarchical items and each user will have a question to be answered in terms of diagnosis. According to the answer given to question the user will be referred to a new part of the key with new questions until reaching a point where the diagnosis is complete and the actions to be taken for the recovery of the site will be available. The key tries to adapt its use to the greatest number of possible situations, and make more precise, accurate and fast decisions to restore. In order to exemplify the key usage, this study also presents eight case estudies of sites located in different regions throughout the state of São Paulo, with different degree of degradation and complexity. Case studies are used to verify the feasibility of the key usage. Among the studies allowed the key make a proper diagnosis and relevant actions indicated as the context of each site