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No. of bitstreams: 1 PIRES_Valquiria_2016.pdf: 35744997 bytes, checksum: ef515291b30c32cdc1467ff3077f7ed9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-20 / Não recebi financiamento / The disorderly process of land use and occupation in Salto de Pirapora city, resulting in an intense forest fragmentation, and the lack of research in the city, led the development of this work, organized into three chapters. With the main objective to determine areas of interest for conservation and thus provide support for Salto de Pirapora planning and environmental management. Chapter 1 describes the mapping of use and occupation of land, and was set 14 classes. The results indicated an agroforestry system matrix, with the following most representative classes in the territory: clean field representing 29.49% of the municipal area, followed by forestry class with 21.88%. The forest remnants represent 21.32% of the territory. It also describes the situation of the Protect Area of the city, that doesn’t have a decree regulating its functioning, showing an urgent need to expedite the process of its creation. Chapter 2 describes the Permanent Preservation Areas conflict, indicating that 17.16% of the city is occupied by PPA streams and springs. Of this percentage, 50.70% have vegetation and 41.94% lies in a situation of conflict, highlighting the importance of a recovery plan for the natural vegetation of these areas. Chapter 3 addresses the areas of interest for conservation selected by AHP. According to the results, 700 mapped fragments, 9 had priority Very High and 14 had High (3.29%), corresponding to 44.71% of the forest cover. Adding the fragments of Very Low and Low classes, was obtained 534 fragments (76.29%), corresponding to 32.94% of the vegetation cover. The AHP application in GIS environment for selecting conservation areas of interest was efficient in evaluating the distribution of the fragments in the landscape according to their priority, offering alternatives to assist the territorial planning and arrangement process of the city. And finally, it is concluded that the current scenario of forest cover in Salto de Pirapora city is worrisome due to the disorderly process of land use and occupation. It is hoped that these findings will contribute to the characterization of the territory and assist the decision of the planners regarding the development of conservation strategies and forest restoration programs, especially in Permanent Preservation Areas. Through multi-criteria analysis, areas of interest for conservation based on their ecological relevance can be prioritized, providing support for the process of planning and environmental management of the city and facilitates the targeting of conservation actions for the whole territory. / O processo desordenado de uso e ocupação da terra no município de Salto de Pirapora, resultando em uma intensa fragmentação florestal, e a escassez de pesquisas no município, motivaram o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, organizado em três capítulos. Tendo como objetivo principal determinar áreas de interesse para conservação e com isso, fornecer subsídios para o planejamento e gestão ambiental do município de Salto de Pirapora, SP. O Capítulo 1 descreve o mapeamento do uso e ocupação da terra, sendo determinadas 14 classes. Os resultados indicaram uma matriz agrossilvicultural, com as seguintes classes mais representativas no território: campo limpo correspondendo 29,49% da área do município, seguida pela classe da silvicultura com 21,88%. Os remanescentes de floresta do município representam 21,32% do território. E também, descreve a situação da UC do município, que ainda não possui um Decreto que regulamente seu funcionamento, evidenciando a urgência em agilizar o processo de sua criação. O Capítulo 2 descreve os conflitos sobre Áreas de Preservação Permanente, indicando que 17,16% do município é ocupado por APP de cursos d’água e cabeceiras, desse percentual, 50,70% possui cobertura vegetal e 41,94% encontra-se em situação de conflito, evidenciando-se a importância de um plano de recomposição da vegetação natural dessas áreas. O Capítulo 3 aborda as áreas de interesse para conservação selecionadas pelo método AHP. De acordo com os resultados, dos 700 fragmentos mapeados, 9 apresentaram prioridade Muito Alta e 14 Alta (3,29%) e correspondem a 44,71% da cobertura florestal. Somando-se os fragmentos das classes Muito Baixa e Baixa, obteve-se 534 fragmentos (76,29%), que correspondem a 32,94% da cobertura vegetal. A aplicação do método AHP em ambiente SIG, para a seleção de áreas de interesse para a conservação mostrou-se eficiente na avaliação da distribuição dos fragmentos na paisagem de acordo com sua prioridade, oferecendo dessa forma, alternativas para auxiliar o processo de planejamento e ordenamento territorial do município. E, por fim, conclui-se que o atual cenário da cobertura florestal no município de Salto de Pirapora é preocupante devido ao processo desordenado de uso e ocupação da terra. Espera-se que esses resultados contribuam com a caracterização do território e auxilie as tomadas de decisão dos planejadores no que diz respeito a elaboração de estratégias conservacionistas e programas de restauração florestal, principalmente em Áreas de Preservação Permanente. Por meio de análise multicriterial pode-se priorizar áreas de maior interesse para a conservação com base em sua relevância ecológica, fornecendo subsídios para o processo de planejamento e gestão ambiental do município e facilita o direcionamento de ações conservacionistas para todo o território.

This research investigated human induced land use patterns, land cover change and hydrologic response in mountain watersheds. The hypothesis was that the spatial pattern of land use patches in a watershed influences runoff generating mechanisms, and thus affects peak flows and stream ecosystems. The goal was to increase the understanding of the influence of landscape pattern on environmental process, and thus provide a scientific basis for the design of urban development that maintains the structure and function of biological communities along a stream system. The study was a first attempt to apply the methods of landscape pattern analysis from landscape ecology to hydrology and stream response. Previous analyses in hydrology have not explicitly considered the spatial arrangement of land use/cover patterns in the watershed. Although statistical relationships between landscape pattern and stream discharge were not achieved because of limitations of the hydrological modelling, this study laid the groundwork for the realization of this goal. The geographic information system (GIS) software Maplnfo, and a hydrologic model based on the Rational Method, were used to investigate the relationships between land use patterns and their effect on the hydrology of four steep mountain stream systems in the Greater Vancouver region of British Columbia. Accepted land use/ cover categories and landscape metrics were used to quantify and characterise landscape change, across time (1946-1995) and between watersheds. Composite runoff coefficients ( Q were calculated for each land use, and a five-year peak stream discharge (Q) that took the changing landscape into consideration was modelled. Stream pattern, total impervious surface (TLA), and road networks were assessed as part of the description of the landscape. This thesis considered relationships between: discharge and percent land use area; discharge and total imperviouss area; discharge and landscape pattern; and percent land use area and landscape pattern. It was found that calculated discharge, percent impervious, and developed area increased across all watersheds across all time periods. The number of road crossings on the creek mainstem and total road length in the watersheds increased with percentage of developed area in the watersheds, and there was a linear relationship between C coefficient and the length of roads in the watershed. Development emerged in discrete patches, generally in the more accessible and flatter regions of the basin. Patch shape metrics followed an increasing trend with development levels between zero and twenty percent. However, between twenty and fifty percent developed the metrics scattered and did not have an apparent trend. This was likely due to a shift in the landscape matrix from forest cover to development. Increased development was associated with fragmentation of the landscape because more land use/cover categories were present in the watershed. This created a situation where average patch size decreased, patch diversity and density increased, and the watersheds had a fragmented appearance. Developed patches generally had a more complex shape than forest patches. The likelihood of finding a forest patch adjacent to a developed patch decreased as development increased. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

This thesis explores the use of collective memory in the practice of landscape architecture, specifically the use of 'memory mapping' as an imaging technique. The specific site chosen is Shaniwarwada, a fortified royal complex dating from the eighteenth century, in the city of Pune, India. In order to gain an insider's perspective of the site, written questionnaires were distributed and interviews were given. The findings of these inquiries coupled with an understanding of contemporary theories concerning memory mapping guided the development of programs and physical interventions. It is hoped that these undertakings will enhance the role of Shaniwarwada as an historical site and a community place in the future. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

Three issues related to the prediction of aesthetic response of natural landscapes were investigated. First, information regarding the degree of correspondence between two conceptually different yet commonly used criteria of aesthetic response--ratings of scenic quality and preference ratings--was sought. Second, the relative efficiency of and interrelationships between predictor variables stemming from different philosophical paradigms of landscape aesthetics was of interest. Examination of such a variety of predictors towards the same criteria utilizing the same settings as stimuli had not been previously researched. Direct comparison of types to one another, and in combination as predictors, would indicate both whether different approaches were measuring similar aesthetic response variance, and in what ways they differed. Third, the extent to which a motivational choice model based in expectancy theory could predict environmental preference was of interest. This model represented an aesthetic predictor in terms of environmental utility, i.e., meaningfulness within the context of potential activity, and was thus a departure from traditional predictors based on design elements and the arrangement of physical features. Data were gathered from a total 354 subjects responding to 60 different natural landscape scenes (color slides) from a wide variety of United States' biomes. Results indicated that the two aesthetic criteria were nearly identical, both in relation to one another (r=.98) and through their correlate patterns to 33 predictor variables. Predictor variables from three paradigms: the psychophysical (physical features of the environment), the cognitive (transactional variables involving interpretive patterning of physical variables), and the experiential (environmental utility in terms of potential for activity) were all highly effective. Multiple regression equations for specific types had predicted R-Squares ranging from .47 to .84. In turn, detailed analyses of the transactional and utility variables via multiple regression (using the physical variables as predictors) indicated they could be defined by these managerially controllable terms. Finally, the environmental utility variable was examined in more detail through a variety of expectancy models. Of major interest was that environmental familiarity was a strong moderator of the utility effect, with highly familiar settings yielding more accurate prediction than unfamiliar settings. A number of managerial implications and suggestions for follow-up research are made. / Ph. D. / incomplete_metadata

Protection of the visual environment begins with a comprehensive documentation and evaluation of existing conditions followed by the development of guidelines pertaining to future alterations. This thesis examines existing methods of visual assessment and the needs of the land planner for the purpose of understanding the necessary components of evaluating the visual environment effectively. The objective has been to develop a new method of visual documentation and evaluation that can be utilized by land planners for the visual assessment of road corridors. In order to achieve this objective, a visual assessment of a Significant road corridor in Blacksburg, Virginia has been conducted. Various necessary components have been included in the assessment and a relational database management program has been used in the storage of all collected data. As a result of this process, it was found that a new method, which borrows from past processes, addresses the needs of the land planner, and utilizes an interactive medium for storage of data, is successful in addressing the objective. The new method has been successful in including the necessary components such as qualitative evaluation with adaptive descriptive nomenclature and photographic documentation of the existing corridor. The database has many qualities which are meaningful to land planners. Relational database management programs have the capability of storing text as well as photographs. For land planners to view the various aspects of the corridor, a simple pressing of their computer mouse button moves the them from one aspect to another. / Master of Landscape Architecture

This study investigates the hypothesis that there is a relationship between people's provenance from urban, suburban, and rural environments and their visual perception and preference of natural versus man-made water features.H A sample of 165 college students was surveyed, using a questionnaire in combination with a slide presentation as a survey instrument. Quantitative as well as qualitative data were gathered through slide ratings (employing the Scenic Beauty Estimation technique) and written responses. The results of the study show that, contrary to the expectations, there was in fact very little difference regarding the visual perception and preference of all three groups. Overall, moving water was preferred over still water, and natural water features were preferred over man-made designs. The preference ratings for the man-made water features that were predominantly characterized by natural aspects such as water and vegetation were comparable to the preference ratings of the natural water features. / Master of Landscape Architecture

A previously developed expert system for landscape visual quality assessment was evaluated for reliability and validity against four professional landscape architects, one of whom’s rules upon which the system was based, and two lay subjects. Results indicated that the system has good initial reliability and internal validity, but the external validity assessments appeared poor. It is believed that this was due to the subjects’ unfamiliarity with the system’s format and logical construction. For this reason, it is recommended that a training program be developed and the reliability and validity be reassessed, with and without training the subjects. / Master of Science

A rule-based expert system was developed to evaluate landscape quality from the perspective of a landscape designer/architect. The rationale for the development of such a system is that it can provide explanations for final assessments and retain this information during the reasoning process. The system also provides for systematic consideration of a broad range of variables with complex interrelationships. The entire system is composed of four subsystems programmed in VPI PROLOG. These subsystems are each separate expert systems for the assessment of <u>man-made features</u>, <u>natural features</u>, <u>spatial organization</u> and <u>visual composition</u>. The prototype of the system has been preliminarily tested and the results of the evaluation of selected landscape photographs is encouraging. The visual quality determination along with the explicit explanations, which are the translation and interpretation of the expert rules used in the reasoning process, were shown to be important in achieving a better understanding and evaluation of the landscape visual quality. / Master of Science

No description available.

The working hypothesis for this study is that the introduction of GIS technology into the ancient procedures of map-making has changed the map-making context sufficiently to require a revision of the way we think about, learn from, and use maps, specifically in the public involvement process in natural resource management. The assumption that we jointly know what maps mean, and how to use them, has been carried unchallenged into the vastly changed arena of digital, information-dense, and highly technical map-making, courtesy of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It has remained unchallenged even as the social context for environmental policy-making is undergoing historic upheaval. GIS fundamentally changes how information is viewed, literally, by many different groups, for its maps and databases contain varying levels of uncertainty, multiple embedded assumptions, potentially privileged knowledge, and considerable power as story-makers, along with unintended and unexplored social consequences. GIS maps/databases are used here as the central refractor of ideas about relationships between scientists and lay audiences; between the post-modern understanding of privilege and social change; and ultimately between technology and meaning, where changing expectations about the role of science in natural resource management resonate most profoundly. Key research questions are: (1) How can GIS maps contribute to mutual learning in the natural resource management arena?, and (2) Which consequences of GIS development could change approaches to natural resource management? The exploratory case study used to address these questions examines GIS maps from the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS), a landscape-scale bioregional assessment in western Oregon that draws heavily on GIS technology to illustrate ecological and socioeconomic dynamics and interactions. Findings suggest that use of GIS through time may change the realm of designing and structuring decision problems, adjusting it from a largely science-driven exercise in natural resource management to a more collaborative story-making one. While epistemological differences between scientists and lay audiences remain, they can be offset through such collaboration, with concomitant shifts in power structures that could affect a range of conditions including rates of technology diffusion, and management of a broad transition in how natural resources are perceived and utilized. / Graduation date: 2005