The purpose of the investigation was to examine the effect of training on the use of morphology and syntax of language delayed children. Performance with no instruction was compared to performance with two methods: (1) a Standard Remedial Instruction Approach and (2) the Individualized Instruction Approach. The intent was to determine if a standard method would be superior to no instruction; and then, if individualization of training procedures, based on a functional analysis of the child's approach to learning tasks, would facilitate progress over what might be achieved with the standard method. Finally, a follow-up test was done to check if skills were maintained. Three language delayed children in a Primary Resource Classroom served as the subjects. A multiple baseline across subjects design was employed, with a sequential multiple intervention component added. Using each subject as his own control, his performance was compared across adjacent phases. Instructional phases were introduced to subjects in a staggered fashion rather than at the same time to test the power of each intervention. The method chosen as the Standard Remedial Instruction approach was the Interactive Language Development Teaching method. The Individualized Instruction approach was devised from a functional analysis. Diagnostic teaching provided the means for doing the functional analysis, during which the child's responsiveness to varied stimulus, response, affective and cognitive dimensions of tasks was observed. Performance under the different phases of the study was measured by experimenter-made criterion referenced tests on the specific language forms being taught. Each test required a degree of generalization since novel stimulus materials were used. Visual analysis of the data was facilitated by use of trend lines made by the method of least squares, to determine changes between phases. Trend lines of adjacent phases were compared in terms of level and slope. The procedures described above yielded the following results: (1) All three subjects showed notable improvement in performance with Standard Remedial Instruction as compared to Baseline performance; (2) All three subjects displayed some improvement with Individualized Instruction over Standard Remedial Instruction, but by trend analysis, only one exhibited marked improvement; and (3) The performance of two subjects on follow-up testing was commensurate with the level of performance obtained during Individualized Instruction. The findings of the study indicate that, within the context of the public schools, improvement in morphology and syntax of language delayed children is dependent upon the use of systematic language instruction. Provision of such instruction, and the establishment of more efficient screening procedures for identifying expressive syntax problems, therefore seem warranted. If a standard remedial instruction program does not seem to be effective, an individualized program may be needed. A functional analysis of the child's learning characteristics appears to provide a sound basis from which to develop an individualized program. Speech and language clinicians, thereby, could increase their effectiveness by learning to conduct a functional analysis. The study further documents the promise of time-series research for use with a handicapped population. A public school system could use such a design to evaluate methods or programs. It would be relatively easy and inexpensive to conduct. A limitation of the particular design used for this study was that the effect of method two could not be separated from the effect of method one since it was always preceded by method one. An alternation of methods could alleviate the problem. A study of this type has minimal significance by itself but in a series can make a contribution.

ABSTRACT LANGUAGE AND SPEECH PREDICTORS OF READING ACHIEVEMENT IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH LANGUAGE DISORDERS by Juliet K. Haarbauer-Krupa The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the relationship between language and reading in children diagnosed with developmental language disorder (DLD) during preschool. An archival data set was available for analysis. Preschool children with DLD who were assessed between 35 and 74 months for preschool language and speech abilities (Rapin, 1996) returned for language, speech and reading testing at age seven years. Children who enrolled in the study were a clinically referred sample, met criteria for average nonverbal intellectual functioning, and demonstrated below average performance on a composite language measure. To evaluate a hypothesis about the contribution of vocabulary, grammar, and speech articulation to reading outcome measures, a series of regression analyses tested models to identify predictors of reading achievement at age seven. Results indicated a strong, positive relationship between language skills assessed at both ages and reading comprehension. School-age language and speech skills explained 25% of the variance in reading comprehension after controlling for word identification skills. Grammar at school age was a significant unique predictor of reading comprehension. Preschool language and speech skills explained 22% of the variance after controlling for word identification skills. Speech articulation was not related to reading outcomes. In contrast, regression analyses suggested that language and speech skills did not predict word reading abilities. Children who had reading comprehension difficulties had weaker vocabulary, grammar and speech skills compared to children who had average and above comprehension skills. Findings support previous research describing a relationship between language skills and reading comprehension. Language skills measured at preschool can predict reading comprehension difficulties in elementary school for children with DLD. Results highlight the importance of early identification and intervention of language impairment in children to improve areas of vocabulary and grammar critical to reading success.

Bakalauro darbe analizuojama patyčių problema mokyklose: jų priežastys, formos, pasekmės, kurias jaučia tiek patyčių auka, tiek patyčių iniciatorius, tiek ir visa mokyklos bendruomenė. Taip pat gilinamasi, ar mokiniai, turintys kalbėjimo ir kalbos sutrikimų, jų susilaukia daugiau. Suformuluota hipotezė, kad kalbėjimo ir kalbos sutrikimai nėra pagrindinė priežastis, dėl ko mokiniai patiria patyčias. Tyrime dalyvavo 100 kalbėjimo ir kalbos sutrikimų turinčių mokinių, taip pat 30 įprastinės kalbos raidos mokinių bei 50 pedagogų, kurie ugdo mokinius, turinčius kalbėjimo ir kalbos sutrikimų. Anketinės apklausos metodu tirta, kaip kalbėjimo ir kalbos sutrikimų turintys mokiniai jaučiasi mokykloje, kaip dažnai, kur ir kokias patyčias tenka patirti, kaip jie į tai reaguoja, ir kaip mano, kodėl vaikai tyčiojasi. Šių mokinių nuomonė buvo lyginama su kitų mokinių bei mokytojų atsakymais. Tyrimu nustatyta, kad dažniau patyčias patiria mokiniai, turintys kalbėjimo ir kalbos sutrikimų, nors nemaža dalis įprastinės kalbos raidos mokinių taip pat patiria patyčias. Dažniausi patyčių būdai yra pravardžiavimas, erzinimas, apkalbinėjimas, ignoravimas ar nebendravimas ir stumdymas. Šias patyčių formas taip pat dažniausiai tenka matyti mokytojams. Nemažai mokinių, kurie patiria patyčias, skriaudėjams atsako tuo pačiu. Taip pat nevengia papasakoti apie patyčias mokytojams ar tėvams. Mokytojai dažniausiai drausmina skriaudėjus, pasišneka su skriaudžiamu vaiku, pataria... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this bachelor work there is analysed taunting problem in schools: reasons of it, forms, consequences that feel all of the following - the victim of taunting, the initiator of taunting and the whole society of school. There is also explored if students that have disorders of language and speaking attain more taunting. There is formulated a hypothesis that disorder of language and speaking is not the main reason of taunting that students experience. There participated a hundred respondents that have language and speaking disorders, also 30 of regular language students and 50 schoolmasters which educated students that have disorders of language and speaking. Using survey method, there was explored how students that have language and speaking disorders feel like at school and how often, where and what kind of taunting they have to face, how do they react to the taunting and why do they think other people express taunting. The opinion of these students was compared to others students opinion and answers of schoolmasters. According to research, students that have language and speaking disorders face the taunting more often, though not small part of regular language students also face taunting. The most common taunting ways are teasing, slander, ignoring, not communicating and shoving. Schoolmasters also can notice these forms of taunting as most often. A biggest part of students facing taunting responds to the offenders the same way. They also do... [to full text]

Bakalauro darbe analizuojama tarmių įtaka mokiniams, turintiems rašymo sutrikimų. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas 3 - 4 klasėse bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose: Biržų ,,Kaštonų‘‘ pagrindinėje mokykloje, Skirsnemunės Jurgio Baltrušaičio pagrindinėje mokykloje, Šakių ,,Varpo‘‘ pagrindinėje mokykloje, Šakių rajono Plokšių mokykloje – daugiafunkciame centre, Telšių rajono Buožėnų pagrindinėje mokykloje, Telšių rajono Kaunatavos pagrindinėje mokykloje. Tyrime dalyvavo 105 respondentai, kurie yra 3 – 4 klasių mokiniai iš aukštaičių ir žemaičių tarmės. Tyrime dalyvavo 23 žemaičių tarmės mergaitės, 27 aukštaičių tarmės mergaitės, 27 aukštaičių tarmės berniukai, 28 žemaičių tarmės berniukai. Užduotys buvo sudarytos remiantis logopedo knyga, o atpasakojimas buvo naudojamas iš teksto suvokimo užduočių, kurias sudarė Senkauskienė, Glazauskienė (2013). Turinio analizės metodu buvo tiriama ar daro įtaką tarmės mokiniams, turintiems rašymo sutrikimų. Analizuojamos mokinių bendrosios bei specifinės klaidos. Po to buvo lyginami aukštaičių ir žemaičių tarmės mergaičių rašto darbai bei aukštaičių, ir žemaičių tarmės berniukų rašto darbai. Taip pat lyginama aukštaičių tarmės berniukų ir mergaičių rašto darbai bei žemaičių tarmės berniukų, ir mergaičių rašto darbai. Tyrimu nustatyta, kad tarmės daro poveikį mokiniams, turintiems rašymo sutrikimų. Didžiausią įtaką daro žemaičių tarmė. Mokiniai dažniausiai rašo taip kaip kalba tarminėje aplinkoje. Pasirinktas tyrimo metodas padėjo nustatyti, jog tarmės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This bachelor thesis analyzes the influence of dialects for school age children with written language disorders. The research was competed in 3 - 4 classes of the mainstream schools, such as: Birzu ,,Kastonu‘‘, Skirsnemunes Jurgio Baltrusaicio, Sakiu ,,Varpo“ primary schools, Ploksciu primary school - multifunctional center in Sakiu area, Buozenu, Kaunatavos primary schools in Telsiu area. There were 105 respondents in this study, who are 3 – 4 class pupils speaking with aukstaiciu (Highlanders) and zemaiciu (Samogitian) dialects. There were 23 school girls and 28 school boys with samogitian dialects and 27 girls and 27 boys with highlanders dialect in this study. The tasks for this study were developed based on the book of Speech language therapist (SLT’s book). The retelling tasks were been used from the text comprehension tasks, prepared by Senkauskienė, Glazauskienė (2013). Content analysis was used to investigate if dialects affect students with writing problems. There were analyzed general and specific mistakes of the students'. In the second stage were compared written tasks between girls with highlander and samogitian dialect and boys with highlander and samogitian’s dialect. As well there were compared written tasks between boys and girls with highlander’s dialect and boys and girls with samogitian’s dialect. The study found that the dialect affects students who have writing disorders. The greatest influence has the samogitian dialect. Students usually write the... [to full text]

Developmental Language Impairment (DLI) is a language disorder characterized by difficulties in both language production and comprehension most readily observable on the morphological level. Previous research suggests that DLI subjects are atypical regarding word decomposition and word formation. / Given these observations, two questions arise: What is the extent of DLI insensitivity to word-internal structure and to morpheme features? and Is this insensitivity equally evident in inflectional, derivational and compounding processes? Three experiments address these questions: plural formation, nominal compounding and diminutive formation and comprehension. / These word formation processes are very productive Greek and are observed from (2;0) onwards in non-impaired children cross-linguistically. Nominal roots (bound) are mapped to other bound morphemes: inflectional affixes for plural formation, derivational affixes and inflectional affixes for diminutive formation, and lexical morphemes and inflectional affixes for compound formation. / In this thesis, the performance of Greek DLI subjects was compared to that of non-impaired controls using elicited production and comprehension tasks that probed real and novel word formation. Results show that DLI children are not sensitive to morphological features and have difficulty knowing where root boundaries are. Given the atypical performance of DLI children, the initial hypothesis on the building of an atypical competence appears to be supported.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-163). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (M.S.)--Duquesne University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-106) and index.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 73-77) Also available in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri State University, 2008. / "May 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 23-28). Also available online.