A elevação variável da vogal média anterior átona /e/, como em cidade::cidadi, segunda::sigunda e me chama::mi chama, foi investigada, na fala de 32 informantes de Flores da Cunha (RS), por meio de análise quantitativa, nos moldes da Teoria da Variação Linguística, de Labov (1994, 2008 [1972]), e por meio de análise qualitativa, nos moldes da Teoria da Variação como Prática Social, de Eckert (2000). Houve aplicação da regra de elevação em 50,7% dos 25708 contextos obtidos. As variáveis controladas – Presença de coda na sílaba, Presença de onset na sílaba, Vogal da Sílaba Seguinte, Posição de /e/ na palavra, Contexto fonológico precedente, Contexto fonológico seguinte, Gênero, Idade e Local de residência – foram consideradas significativas pelo programa GoldvarbX, usado na análise estatística. A elevação é condicionada favoravelmente pelos fatores sílaba sem onset, sílaba com coda, vogal alta na sílaba seguinte, vogal /e/ em clítico, consoante velar ou zero em contexto precedente, vogal ou zero em contexto seguinte, zona urbana e idade entre 18 e 30 anos. Sendo os jovens os introdutores da regra de elevação na comunidade, o fenômeno caracteriza-se como mudança linguística em progresso. Para verificar em que medida as práticas sociais desses jovens estão relacionadas a seus índices de elevação de /e/, foi realizada análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2000; FREITAS; JANISSEK, 2000) de entrevistas de oito jovens florenses. Essa análise revelou que os jovens que adotam práticas sociais tradicionais, ligadas à história da imigração italiana, têm frequência de aplicação da regra menor do que aqueles que se engajam em práticas inovadoras. Enquanto que as práticas tradicionais orientam-se para a vida na comunidade, as inovadoras orientam-se para fora da comunidade. Os jovens que desejam permanecer na localidade elevam menos a vogal /e/, ao passo que aqueles que desejam dela sair, a fim de adequar-se ao modo de falar mais corrente em outras regiões brasileiras, passam a aplicar a regra de elevação com mais frequência. / The variable raising of the unstressed mid front vowel /e/, in contexts such as cidade::cidadi (city), segunda::sigunda (second) and me chama::mi chama (call me), was studied in the speech of 32 informants from Flores da Cunha (RS, Brazil). The process was analyzed quantitatively, according to Labov’s (1994, 2008 [1972]) Theory of Language Variation, and qualitatively, according to Eckert’s (2000) Theory of Language Variation as Social Practice. 25708 contexts were obtained, and the variable rule – the raising of /e/ – was applied in 50,7% of them. All of the controlled variables – Syllable with coda, Syllable with onset, Type of vowel of the following syllable, Position of /e/ in the word, Preceding phonological context, Following phonological context, Gender, Age and Place of living – were considered to be significant by the statistic program GoldvarbX. The raising of /e/ is favorably conditioned by the factors syllable without onset, syllable with coda, high vowel in the following syllable, /e/ in clitics, preceding velar consonant or no preceding context, following vowel or no following context, informants who live in the city (not in the rural areas) and age between 18 and 30 years old. Since young people are introducing the raising of /e/ in the community, this phenomenon may be considered change in progress. In order to verify how the social practices of young people are related to the raising, a content analysis was performed (BARDIN, 2000; FREITAS; JANISSEK, 2000), based on the speech of eight people from Flores da Cunha whose ages ranged from 18 to 30 years old. The content analysis revealed that young people who adopt traditional social practices which are linked to the history of Italian immigration apply the variable rule less frequently than those who engage in innovative practices. Traditional practices are oriented to life inside the community, whereas innovative practices are oriented to life outside the community. Young people who wish to remain in the community do not raise /e/ as often as those who wish to leave the place; young people who want to leave the community tend to apply the rule more frequently in order to fit in with the pronunciation that is more usual in other Brazilian regions.

Orientador: Wilmar da Rocha D'Angelis / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T18:48:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_ErickMarceloLimade_M.pdf: 3918712 bytes, checksum: fcaf8a508391f3fb2888b49be1e919ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Este trabalho é um estudo tanto descritivo quanto comparativo do que consideramos duas variantes da mesma língua, conhecidas como Baniwa do Içana e Kuripako, pertencentes à família Aruak. Aqui, se faz uma análise linguística da relação entre ambas as variantes, pautada em parte do seu componente linguístico, isto é, o sistema fonológico, com vistas a colaborar para uma definição da classificação dialetal. Sua base teórica linguística é fundamentada nas ideias estruturalistas europeias da Escola de Praga. Neste trabalho, há uma discussão da variação dialetal deste ramo da família Aruak, um breve histórico dos estudos sobre esse ramo da família e uma descrição da fonologia da língua. Esta pesquisa é, assim, uma tentativa de discutir tanto questões da Fonologia quanto da Sociolingüística, com ênfase nos aspectos fonético-fonológicos como um dos requisitos para as discussões sobre variação dialetal / Abstract: This work is both a descriptive and comparative analysis, of what we consider two variants of the same language, known as Baniwa of Içana and Kuripako, which belong to the Arawakan family. Here there is a linguistic analysis of the relationship between both variants based in part of its linguistic component, it means, the phonologic system, in order to colaborate to a definition of the dialectical classification. Its linguistic theoretical basis is grounded on the structuralist ideas from the School of Prague. In this work, there is a discussion about the dialectical variation of this branch of the Arawakan Family, a brief history of the studies on the branch of this family and a description of the phonology of the language. This research is thus an attempt to discuss issues related to the Phonology and Sociolinguistics as well, with emphasis on the phonetic and phonological aspects as one of the requirements for the discussions about dialectical variation / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

Esta dissertação trata de code-switching e footing na sitcom estadunidense Friends. Tanto a troca linguística como o posicionamento identitário são elementos de análise da Sociolinguística Interacional (GOFFMAN, 1981; HUDSON, 1996; DURANTI, 1997), que é a teoria basilar desta investigação. Não somente aspectos teóricos desse arcabouço são utilizados como também estudos sobre humor (RASKIN, 1979; WRIGHT, 1875), sitcom (FURQUIM, 1999; SAVORELLI, 2010; VANDAELE, 1996), multimodalidade (GOODWIN, 2010; KRESS; LEEUWEN, 1996; VIEIRA; SILVESTRE, 2015), estereótipos (LAKOFF, 1987; SCHIAPPA; GREGG; HEWES, 2005), performance (TURNER, 1987), generalização social (BLUM, 2004), dentre outros. A fim de responder ao problema desta pesquisa, que reside em entender se o code-switching e o footing são mecanismos de geração do humor na sitcom Friends, optamos pelo estudo de caso dessa comédia seriada e pela investigação dos atos comunicativos em que se fazem presentes a alternância de código linguístico e o reposicionamento identitário. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é examinar a relação entre a geração de humor e as situações em que há a presença de code-switching entre Inglês Americano e do Inglês Britânico e de posicionamento entre variedades do Inglês Americano, além de considerar o posicionamento multimodal das interações comunicativas em episódios da sitcom Friends. Os objetivos específicos são (a) identificar os construtos identitários culturais na sitcom Friends, (b) identificar as situações de code-switching na geração de humor, (c) analisar situações de code-switching e aspectos multimodais na interação comunicativa e (d) analisar os efeitos do humor, com ênfase em fatores culturais intervenientes. Com a finalidade de cumprir com esses objetivos, alicerçamos nossa pesquisa, também, nos estudos de framing (GOFFMAN, 1974), que foram identificados nas cenas em que há code-switching e footing, que foram transcritas a partir da simbologia da Análise da Conversa (SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974). Os resultados demonstram que, nos episódios da série Friends que foram analisados, o code-switching e o footing são mecanismos potenciais estratégicos de geração de humor que se formam em situações plurais com diversas funções de comicidade, tais como: sátira cultural, caricaturização estereotipada, representação da realidade, dentre outras. / This dissertation is about code-switching and footing in the north-american sitcom Friends. Both the switch of language and the identity positioning are objects of analysis for the Interactional Sociolinguistics area (GOFFMAN, 1981; HUDSON, 1996; DURANTI, 1997), which is the main theory of this investigation. Not only theoretical aspects of this background are used but also studies about humour (RASKIN, 1979; WRIGHT, 1875), sitcom (FURQUIM, 1999; SAVORELLI, 2010; VANDAELE, 1996), multimodalidality (GOODWIN, 2010; KRESS; LEEUWEN, 1996; VIEIRA; SILVESTRE, 2015), estereotypes (LAKOFF, 1987; SCHIAPPA; GREGG; HEWES, 2005), performance (TURNER, 1987), social generalization (BLUM, 2004), among others. In order to solve the problem of this research, which resides in understanding whether both code-switching and footing are strategies of humour in the sitcom Friends, we opted for the case study of this situational comedy and for the investigation of the communicative acts in which the switch of linguistic codes and identity repositiong are found. The general objective of this research is to examine the connection between humour creation and the situations in which there is evidence of code-switching between American English and British English, positioning between American English varieties and the multimodal positioning of communicative interactions in episodes of the sitcom Friends. The specific objectives are (a) to identify the constructs of cultural identity in the sitcom Friends, (b) to identify the situations of code-switching in the humour generation, (c) to analyse the situations of code-switching and the multimodal aspects of the communicative act and (d) to analyse the effects of humour, highlighting the intervenient cultural aspects related to such effects. In order to fulfill these objectives, we, also, based our research on the studies of framing (GOFFMAN, 1974), which are identified in the scenes of code-switching and footing, being transcribed according to the Conversation Analysis symbolic conventions (SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974). The results show that, in the episodes of the series Friends analysed, both code-switching and footing are potential strategic mecanisms to create humour formed in several situations through different comical functions, such as: cultural satire, stereotyped caricature, reality representation, among others.

South Africa has eleven official languages. In this diverse context teaching is a complex issue. In the light of this statement, the aims of this study were to • ascertain teachers’ perceptions of language diversity in multicultural primary schools in Gauteng; • determine their views on the factors that impact on the acquisition of English as a second language; and • make recommendations on how teachers can best be supported to teach multicultural classes. The study adopted a quantitative approach. A questionnaire was used to gather data, which was completed by 60 teachers from three Gauteng primary schools. Significant conclusions include, that not all teachers are aware of the language policies. Most are in favour of English being taught from Grade one; believed the parents preferred their children to be educated in English, and were divided in their support of using mother tongue languages. Finally, recommendations were made, emanating from the study. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Socio-Education)

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-09-27T12:26:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristina Mayer.pdf: 1995903 bytes, checksum: 09a2f90db9b38ad6cba6cbb1553e52b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T12:26:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristina Mayer.pdf: 1995903 bytes, checksum: 09a2f90db9b38ad6cba6cbb1553e52b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The main goal of this research was to look at Web text varieties, specifically in social networks and consumer generated content such as comments, reviews and complaints in English through the Multidimensional Approach (MD) for register variation analysis leading to a set of dimensions of variation across Web registers. Web registers have been the object of several MD investigations (BERBER SARDINHA, 2014; BIBER et al., 2015; BIBER; EGBERT, 2015, 2016); however, these studies have not focused on social networks and consumer generated content. To fill this gap, a corpus of 15 of these registers was designed and compiled, the CoUGC – Corpus of User Generated Content, and three separate multidimensional analyses (MD) were conducted on the corpus, as well as a canonical correlation analysis. The first one was the additive MD analysis, in which the registers were added to the Dimensions of Variation of English by Biber (1988). The second one was a ‘mainstream’ MD analysis, in which the coocurrence of lexicogrammatical variables was analyzed and 4 dimensions were interpreted, representing the functional parameters underlying the variation across the registers. The third analysis, in turn, was based on the traditional MD analysis; however, it was conducted with lexical variables (BERBER SARDINHA, 2014; 2017; no prelo). This analysis revealed 5 thematic dimensions, which reflected semantic groupings. A canonical correlation analysis was then run to explain the relationship between the functional and lexical dimensions. All the analyzes led to the study of the use of the language by Web users / O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi o estudo de variedades de texto da web, especificamente em redes sociais e conteúdo gerado por consumidores, como comentários, críticas e reclamações em língua inglesa por meio da Abordagem Multidimensional (AMD) para análise de variação de registro, que leva a um conjunto de dimensões de variação de registros da web. Os registros da web foram objeto de várias pesquisas em AMD (BERBER SARDINHA, 2014; BIBER et al., 2015; BIBER; EGBERT, 2015, 2016). No entanto, esses estudos não tiveram como foco redes sociais e conteúdo gerado pelo consumidor. Para preencher essa lacuna, um corpus de 15 desses registros foi desenhado e compilado, o CoUGC - Corpus of User Generated Content e três análises multidimensionais (AMD) foram realizadas no corpus, além da análise de correlação canônica. A primeira foi a AMD aditiva, na qual os registros do corpus de estudo foram mapeados nas Dimensões de variação do inglês de BIBER (1988). A segunda foi uma análise AMD funcional tradicional, na qual foi analisada a coocorrência das variáveis lexicogramaticais e foram identificadas 4 dimensões, que representaram os parâmetros funcionais subjacentes à variação entre os registros. A terceira análise, por sua vez, baseou-se na AMD tradicional, entretanto com variáveis lexicais (BERBER SARDINHA, 2014; 2017; no prelo). Essa análise revelou 5 dimensões temáticas, que refletiram agrupamentos semânticos. Foi feita então uma análise de correlação canônica para a observação da relação entre os dois conjuntos de dimensões, funcional e lexical. Todas as análises permitiram o estudo da linguagem dos usuários da web

‘Scrambling’ languages allow arguments in a given sentence to be ordered in a variety of ways while leaving the grammatical roles of these arguments unchanged. West Germanic languages like German, Dutch, Yiddish, and West Flemish exhibit, to different extents, scrambling properties (Haider, 2006; Grewendorf, 2005; De Hoop, 2003). One well established assumption is that a prerequisite for scrambling is a rich (overt) case morphology: Grammatical relations need to be overtly marked on arguments in order for them to freely permute (Haider, 2006; Mahajan, 2003). Afrikaans, like other West Germanic languages, also allows a certain degree of flexibility (Molnárfi, 2002; Biberauer & Richards 2006; Conradie, 2007 Huddlestone, 2010). Generally, however, it is assumed to be much more rigid than a richly inflected language like German, in part because Afrikaans is the most morphologically ‘impoverished’ of all the West Germanic languages (Molnárfi, 2002; Biberauer & Richards, 2006; Huddlestone, 2010). In this thesis, I draw attention to certain double object constructions in Afrikaans that allow German-like flexibility without German-like morphology. Afrikaans allows the indirect and direct object of particular verbs to optionally invert their canonical order in finite embedded sentences without V-raising. I propose an analysis within a minimalist framework that accounts for the flexibility exhibited by these constructions. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

This research is located within media studies and draws on the Cultural Studies approach. It is an audience study, which uses the mixed methods of focus group discussions and an online survey to examine the importance of the use of Nigerian Pidgin as a broadcast language in investigating the rising popularity of Pidgin English radio in a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual Nigeria. The study focuses on Wazobia FM, a radio station in Lagos, and the first pidgin station in Nigeria. It seeks to determine whether the station’s audience engaged with the station’s programming based on its prioritisation of NigP and the linguistic identity it offers them. The study foregrounds the marginalised status of NigP within the politics of language in Nigeria. It traces the language’s evolution through popular and oppositional expressions in broadcasting and in music. It also seeks to establish the place of Pidgin English within the role that language plays in the formation of the Nigerian identity. This study thus adopts the ‘emic’ perspective, which underpins qualitative methodology, and views social life in terms of processes as opposed to static terms. The theoretical framework of this research revolves around culture, language and identity. Pertinent concepts in post-colonial studies, together with conceptual frameworks in Cultural Studies, such as popular culture, representation, hegemony and counter-culture have been used to make sense of the popularity of NigP radio stations.

Diante da imensa diversidade geográfica, social e cultural que caracteriza cada país, percebe-se que toda ela se reflete nos comportamentos, hábitos e costumes do seu povo e, conseqüentemente, na sua linguagem. Nomeada por variação lingüística, esta diversidade da linguagem, por sua vez, por ser variável a uma norma legitimada, por uma classe em ascensão, depara-se com uma excessiva carga de preconceito e estereótipos. No entanto, atribuem-se a este entendimento, concepções que impedem visualizar a historicidade do homem, a qual se configura no movimento contínuo, característica desse mesmo homem. E, entrelaçado a este movimento, encontra-se toda produção humana, inclusive a linguagem. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo buscou analisar categorias que apontassem para uma (in)compreensão no que diz respeito à variação lingüística na escrita dos alunos da turma do módulo 2 da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, em especial a variação diastrática. Tomam-se por categorias, os diferentes olhares destinados à variação lingüística: um lançado pela Gramática Histórica e, outro, pela escola. Ambos fundamentados, a partir das contribuições da Lingüística, Sociolingüística e Pedagogia, tendo, por aporte, os estudos de Bagno, Coutinho, Freire, Labov, Matos, Soares e Souza. Para a consecução dos objetivos propostos e atendimento aos pontos constitutivos do objeto, foi utilizado no encaminhamento metodológico o estudo etnográfico. E, dessa forma, houve integração da pesquisadora nas ações docentes em sala de aula, buscando-se, nelas, apreender e compreender os significados que esses docentes apresentavam sobre a temática da variação lingüística e, de igual modo, os demais que contribuíam para a aprendizagem do aluno e mediava na interação professor/aluno, como o livro didático. Paralelo ao estudo etnográfico, foi necessário, ainda, fundamentar, teoricamente, a análise de todo material coletado, no decorrer da Pesquisa, recorrendo, desde modo, aos estudos da Gramática Histórica. Confrontados os dados obtidos no campo de pesquisa com os relacionados ao estudo histórico da linguagem, percebe-se que as (in)compreensões alcançadas nesta investigação são oriundas de uma concepção de um homem em movimento, construtor de sua história e das demais histórias / Before the huge social, cultural and geographic diversity, which characterize which country, its been noticed that all of these aspects reflect on the behavior, habits, as well, the customs of the peoples country and therefore in their language. Named as linguistic variation, it may be considered unsteady according to the linguistic patterns of a privileged economical social class and it meets with an enormous load of prejudices and negatives pre-judgments. However, its been ascribed to this understanding, the concepts which prevent to visualize the human beings history, which is based in an on going process. Thus, in the middle of this on going process, the language is included. Hence, this research work aims at analyzing the categories which lead to a (mis)understanding in the written language of the students from the Educação de jovem e adultos (Education for the young and adults) at the second level, particularly, the diastratic variation. Here, its been considered two categories: one based on the historical grammar and the another one is based on the school concept. Both are based on the concepts of Linguistics, Pedagogy and Sociolinguistics, having as a support the studies of Labov, Bagno Coutinho, Freire, Matos, Soares e Souza. Thus, weve attended lessons in the classrooms in order to get to know how the teachers deal with the linguistic variations in a classroom with their students, as well as, how the didactic books deal with this subject. In order to reach the objectives of this work, concerning the methodology, its been chosen the ethnographic study. To make this ethnographic study, this work has been based on the theories of the historical grammar. According to the collected data originated from this research and the data taken found in the ground work of this subject, its been noticed that the (mis)understandings found in this research comes from the conception of a human being in an endless and an on going process of the history of the humanity

In parliaments, the tasks of drafting legislation and conducting oversight are accomplished by means of complex chains of spoken, written and multimodal texts. In these genre chains, information is recontextualized from one text to another before being debated in sittings of the houses of parliament. This study employs the point of view afforded by linguistic ethnography to investigate critically the ways in which meanings are recontextualized in one section of such a genre chain, namely the process by which committees of South Africa's National Assembly oversee the budgets of government departments and state-owned entities. It does this to identify possible sources of communication difficulties in this process and suggest ways in which these can be minimized. In so doing, it develops a theoretical model of the discursive effects of recontextualization informed by Latour's (1987) notion of black-boxing as well as Maton's (2011) Legitimation Code Theory. This model uses Interactional Sociolinguistics and elements of Systemic Functional Linguistics, including APPRAISAL and Transitivity as tools to describe the realization of these effects in language. This study finds that ideational and interpersonal meanings are condensed and decondensed at particular points in the genre chain in ways that lead to some MPs’ voices being recontextualized more accurately than others’. It also shows that common sources of communication difficulties in the committee process include differences in political background and understandings of committee procedure and participant roles. It recommends that representatives of departments and entities reporting to the committees should receive a fuller prebriefing on their roles; that MPs should receive training on asking clear, focused questions; and that the role of committee secretaries as procedural advisors should be strengthened.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_shalimar_silva.pdf: 843614 bytes, checksum: 9a4d3e3f4bd74a42436b3badf65c745b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-16 / Before the huge social, cultural and geographic diversity, which characterize which country, it s been noticed that all of these aspects reflect on the behavior, habits, as well, the customs of the people s country and therefore in their language. Named as linguistic variation, it may be considered unsteady according to the linguistic patterns of a privileged economical social class and it meets with an enormous load of prejudices and negatives pre-judgments. However, it s been ascribed to this understanding, the concepts which prevent to visualize the human being s history, which is based in an on going process. Thus, in the middle of this on going process, the language is included. Hence, this research work aims at analyzing the categories which lead to a (mis)understanding in the written language of the students from the Educação de jovem e adultos (Education for the young and adults) at the second level, particularly, the diastratic variation. Here, it s been considered two categories: one based on the historical grammar and the another one is based on the school concept. Both are based on the concepts of Linguistics, Pedagogy and Sociolinguistics, having as a support the studies of Labov, Bagno Coutinho, Freire, Matos, Soares e Souza. Thus, we ve attended lessons in the classrooms in order to get to know how the teachers deal with the linguistic variations in a classroom with their students, as well as, how the didactic books deal with this subject. In order to reach the objectives of this work, concerning the methodology, it s been chosen the ethnographic study. To make this ethnographic study, this work has been based on the theories of the historical grammar. According to the collected data originated from this research and the data taken found in the ground work of this subject, it s been noticed that the (mis)understandings found in this research comes from the conception of a human being in an endless and an on going process of the history of the humanity / Diante da imensa diversidade geográfica, social e cultural que caracteriza cada país, percebe-se que toda ela se reflete nos comportamentos, hábitos e costumes do seu povo e, conseqüentemente, na sua linguagem. Nomeada por variação lingüística, esta diversidade da linguagem, por sua vez, por ser variável a uma norma legitimada, por uma classe em ascensão, depara-se com uma excessiva carga de preconceito e estereótipos. No entanto, atribuem-se a este entendimento, concepções que impedem visualizar a historicidade do homem, a qual se configura no movimento contínuo, característica desse mesmo homem. E, entrelaçado a este movimento, encontra-se toda produção humana, inclusive a linguagem. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo buscou analisar categorias que apontassem para uma (in)compreensão no que diz respeito à variação lingüística na escrita dos alunos da turma do módulo 2 da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, em especial a variação diastrática. Tomam-se por categorias, os diferentes olhares destinados à variação lingüística: um lançado pela Gramática Histórica e, outro, pela escola. Ambos fundamentados, a partir das contribuições da Lingüística, Sociolingüística e Pedagogia, tendo, por aporte, os estudos de Bagno, Coutinho, Freire, Labov, Matos, Soares e Souza. Para a consecução dos objetivos propostos e atendimento aos pontos constitutivos do objeto, foi utilizado no encaminhamento metodológico o estudo etnográfico. E, dessa forma, houve integração da pesquisadora nas ações docentes em sala de aula, buscando-se, nelas, apreender e compreender os significados que esses docentes apresentavam sobre a temática da variação lingüística e, de igual modo, os demais que contribuíam para a aprendizagem do aluno e mediava na interação professor/aluno, como o livro didático. Paralelo ao estudo etnográfico, foi necessário, ainda, fundamentar, teoricamente, a análise de todo material coletado, no decorrer da Pesquisa, recorrendo, desde modo, aos estudos da Gramática Histórica. Confrontados os dados obtidos no campo de pesquisa com os relacionados ao estudo histórico da linguagem, percebe-se que as (in)compreensões alcançadas nesta investigação são oriundas de uma concepção de um homem em movimento, construtor de sua história e das demais histórias