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Language and form of life: the views of Kripke's Wittgenstein and Chomsky contrastedHuen, Siu-sing., 禤紹勝 January 2001 (has links)
abstract / Philosophy / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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Quine on opacity in modal and doxastic contextsDickson, Mark William 11 1900 (has links)
Quine has been mainly opposed to sentences that feature
cross-quantification. That is, he is critical of sentences that
involve quantifying into a context that Quine labels 'opaque1.
Quine's opposition to cross-quantification grew out of an
earlier attack on the notion of combining quantification theory
and modal logic. Quine initially dismissed, in 1943, cases of
quantifying into modal contexts as meaningless. Later in the
same year, Alonzo Church argued that there was a meaningful way
to quantify into modal contexts, thus vindicating the notion
that quantification theory could be merged with modal logic.
In 1956, in "Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes,"
Quine pointed out that quantification into belief contexts,
though indispensable, also features the improper quantification
into opaque contexts. In the same paper, Quine introduced the
distinction between a relational and a notional sense of
propositional attitude ascriptions. The former sense concerns
the problematic sentences that feature cross-quantification. In
the thesis that follows, I appropriate Quine's terminology and
critically evaluate his reasons for rejecting the relational
idiom in both modal and doxastic contexts. Such an evaluation
reveals some startling results in the philosophy of language.
One of the major problems that Quine sought to address was
that of reconciling the evident significance of instances of the
relational idiom with their many alleged difficulties. Quine
restricted himself to acknowledging the idiom's meaningfulness in doxastic contexts.
Most of Quine's criticisms of the relational idiom are
argued by me to be unsound. It is contended that some of Quine's
criticisms involve the improper exploitation of ambiguities
inherent in such sentences. This fallacy is exposed and
subjected to a critical evaluation. The exposure of this
fallacy, which I term 'the relational fallacy' is a novel
contribution to the philosophy of language. Another novel
contribution to the philosophy of language is my critique of
Quine's use of semantic ascent to account for intuitively
meaningful relational modal sentences. A third, slightly less
novel, contribution to the philosophy of language involves
extending Quine's temporary view that there are meaningful
relational sentences in doxastic contents to the analogous
observation that there are meaningful relational sentences in
modal contexts.
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Thomas Traherne's view of language in Restoration EnglandSaenz, Cynthia Elizabeth January 1997 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that the seventeenth-century religious writer Thomas Traherne an individual who is almost never included in philological enquiries was aware of linguistic issues and added his own unique view to the debatesoftheage. Theprojectisdividedintofourmainchapters. ChapterI, "Traherne's Word Definitions," analyzes Traherne's word definitions and places him withinthecontextofphilosophicallanguagemovements. Ifocusuponhisunpublished CommentariesofHeaven,alargeencyclopediawhichpurportstoopen"TheMysteries ofFelicitie"anddefine"AllThings"asobjectsofhappiness. Despitetheidentification of this manuscript in 1982, much of Traherne scholarship ignores its existence. Chapter n, "Language and the Fall," investigates Traherne's view of prelapsarian speech. It discusses notions of Adam's language, the dumbness of infants, the Tower of Babel, and the way in which these are all sites of linguistic "falls." Chapter in, "Silence in Traherne's Writings," looks at the role of silence in religious practice, politics,andself-identity. AttimesTrahernecelebratessilenceasaspecialincubatory condition which nurtures the individual and blocks out the nefarious forces of language. Atothertimeshedescribesitasdormantandsterile. Thechapteroffersan explanationastowhyhefluctuatesbetweentheseextremes. ChapterIV,"Traherne and the Seventeenth-Century Debate Over Metaphor," analyzes the conformist and nonconformist debate over metaphor which was indicative of deep theological and political controversies of the time. My Epilogue offers a discussion of Traherne's manuscriptTheCeremonialLaw,aworkrecentlydiscoveredin1996. InmythesisI define Traherne's theological and linguistic views, while at the same time I call attention to the manuscripts Commentaries ofHeaven and The Ceremonial Law, and their crucial position in the Traherne canon.
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Ifs, cans and ordinary languageLeeper, Robert A. January 1972 (has links)
No description available.
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The argument from illusionTaylor, Wayne Rupert January 1961 (has links)
It has often been alleged that the argument from illusion demonstrates that perceptual judgements expressed in ordinary or material object language are inherently vulnerable
to scepticism, are imprecise, ambiguous, inconvenient, and imply somewhat more than we legitimately ought to say. Perceptual judgements about the same experience expressed in sense data language are, on the other hand, allegedly shown to be indubitable, precise, unambiguous, and, as such, to be the raw data from which our empirical knowledge is inferred.
I contend there is no such essential asymmetry between an object language judgement (M-judgement) and a sense data language judgement (S-judgement) about the same perceptual experience provided the judgements are intended to have the same function.
Arguments from illusion are, I contend, arguments by analogy. They argue that since we may be subject to illusion, then perhaps we are presently subject to illusion. But arguments by analogy are less arguments than hypotheses. We can easily counter that since we may not be subject to illusion, perhaps we are not presently subject to illusion.
The problem is to discover whether or not we are subject to illusion and this, in principle we can do. M-judgements, as contingent judgements, can only be held to be contingently doubtful; they may in principle be verified or falsified.
Further, if we attend closely to the conditions under which we make M-judgements and to our pragmatic interests and purposes in making them, we discover that such dubitability to which they are prone derives essentially from the fact that they are intended to effect a maximum differentiation of our sensory experience.
S-judgements on the other hand are shown to derive their indubitability proportionately to the extent that they minimize differentiation of our experience. Indubitability is achieved only by diminishing the risk of contingency entailed
by classifying experience. A completely doubt-free S-judgement then, would effect minimal differentiation of sensory experience and considering our pragmatic interests, would be singularly inutile. Thus it has been shown that such advantages as S-judgements have over M-judgements with respect to doubt derive only from a more radical asymmetry of intention, function, and utility.
Further asymmetries regarding precision, ambiguity and convenience are shown either to be similarly untenable or to favor M-language.
My conclusions are meant to undermine the tradition of basing sense data philosophy upon an inferiority of ordinary
(M-statement) language as allegedly shown by a problematic asymmetry of M-judgements with S-judgements. No such troublesome
asymmetry exists. I do recognize that arguments from illusion elucidate the extent to which ordinary language reflects conditions that are purely contingent and that it may well be possible to establish independently a sense data language which is less tied to purely contingent empirical conditions. / Arts, Faculty of / Philosophy, Department of / Graduate
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Quine on opacity in modal and doxastic contextsDickson, Mark William 11 1900 (has links)
Quine has been mainly opposed to sentences that feature
cross-quantification. That is, he is critical of sentences that
involve quantifying into a context that Quine labels 'opaque1.
Quine's opposition to cross-quantification grew out of an
earlier attack on the notion of combining quantification theory
and modal logic. Quine initially dismissed, in 1943, cases of
quantifying into modal contexts as meaningless. Later in the
same year, Alonzo Church argued that there was a meaningful way
to quantify into modal contexts, thus vindicating the notion
that quantification theory could be merged with modal logic.
In 1956, in "Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes,"
Quine pointed out that quantification into belief contexts,
though indispensable, also features the improper quantification
into opaque contexts. In the same paper, Quine introduced the
distinction between a relational and a notional sense of
propositional attitude ascriptions. The former sense concerns
the problematic sentences that feature cross-quantification. In
the thesis that follows, I appropriate Quine's terminology and
critically evaluate his reasons for rejecting the relational
idiom in both modal and doxastic contexts. Such an evaluation
reveals some startling results in the philosophy of language.
One of the major problems that Quine sought to address was
that of reconciling the evident significance of instances of the
relational idiom with their many alleged difficulties. Quine
restricted himself to acknowledging the idiom's meaningfulness in doxastic contexts.
Most of Quine's criticisms of the relational idiom are
argued by me to be unsound. It is contended that some of Quine's
criticisms involve the improper exploitation of ambiguities
inherent in such sentences. This fallacy is exposed and
subjected to a critical evaluation. The exposure of this
fallacy, which I term 'the relational fallacy' is a novel
contribution to the philosophy of language. Another novel
contribution to the philosophy of language is my critique of
Quine's use of semantic ascent to account for intuitively
meaningful relational modal sentences. A third, slightly less
novel, contribution to the philosophy of language involves
extending Quine's temporary view that there are meaningful
relational sentences in doxastic contents to the analogous
observation that there are meaningful relational sentences in
modal contexts. / Arts, Faculty of / Philosophy, Department of / Graduate
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The structure of linguistic behaviour : using evidence from aphasiology to corroborate and develop Merleau-Ponty's theory of language and intersubjectivityWait, Eldon Christopher January 1989 (has links)
Bibliography: pages 370-373. / The theme of this thesis occurred to me while reading Luria's Basic Problems of Neurolinguistics. Many of Luria's patients manifest forms of a disintegration of speech and of the understanding of speech, which resemble the disintegration of movement in space and perception of space of Goldstein's patient, Schneider, the case Merleau-Ponty described in so many of his arguments, particularly those in the chapter of the Phenomenology of Perception entitled "The spatiality of one's own Body and Motility". It seemed to me that I could analyse the speech syndromes Luria reveals, and Luria's explanations, in much the same way that Merleau-Ponty analysed Schneider's syndrome and the explanations offered by Goldstein and others. I felt that in this way I would be able to exhibit certain features of the speaking subject and its relations with others, in the same way that Merleau-Ponty revealed the spatiality of the body and its relations with the world. This seemed to me to be a useful project, firstly because of the central role that the problem of language plays in Merleau-Ponty's later philosophy and because the later reflections on language seem to presuppose such an analysis of pathological forms of speech.
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Wang Bi and limitations of the expressive power of languageHo, Siu-kei, Gary., 何肇基. January 2009 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Humanities / Master / Master of Philosophy
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Brandom's normative deontic theory of languageLee, Jin-soo January 2010 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Philosophy / Master / Master of Philosophy
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Incommensurability and the indeterminacy of translation.January 1995 (has links)
by Keith, Ka-fu Chan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-98). / Acknowledgements / Abbreviations / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Kuhn's Philosophy of Science as Opposition. to Traditional.View --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose and Structure --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- The Development of Kuhn's Incommensurability Thesis --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Early Version --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Transitional Period --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Later Version --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter3 --- Incommensurability verus Indeterminacy --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1 --- Quine's Indeterminacy of Trans- lation --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Multiplicity and Failure of Translation. --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3 --- Translation verus Interpretation --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4 --- Inscrutability and Determination of Reference --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.64 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Incommensurability as Indeterminacy. --- p.66 / Chapter 4.1 --- Critique of Traditional Theory of Meaning --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2 --- Rejection of Neutral and Objective Criterion. --- p.80 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Concluding Reflection:Relativism as Understood by Kuhn in his later thought --- p.86 / Bibliography --- p.94
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