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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Simulation aux Grandes Echelles de l'allumage de moteurs fusées cryotechniques / Large eddy simulation of the ignition of cryogenic rocket engine

Lacaze, Guilhem 20 May 2009 (has links)
L'allumage d'un moteur fusée cryotechnique (carburants liquides) est une phase critique. La moindre anomalie dans la procédure d'allumage peut conduire à la destruction du lanceur. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer une méthodologie s'appuyant sur la simulation aux grandes échelles (LES) pour étudier les phénomènes physiques impliqués dans un tel allumage. L'intérêt de la méthode LES est de pouvoir capturer les couplages instationnaires entre la turbulence, les processus diphasiques et la cinétique chimique. L'outil numérique est tout d'abord validé sur des cas académiques et expérimentaux, puis appliqué à un moteur fusée réel. Une approche graduelle est employée : les différents cas de validation présentent une complexité croissante, permettant d'isoler les processus physiques principaux. Ce travail de recherche montre que l'approche de la simulation aux grandes échelles, dans un contexte de calcul massivement parallèle, peut être utilisée pour étudier la séquence complète d'allumage dans un moteur fusée réel. / The ignition of a cryogenic rocket engine (liquid propellants) is a critical phase. The slightest anomaly in the ignition sequence can lead to the destruction of the entire launcher. The objective of this research work is to set a methodology based on the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach, to study the different physical phenomena involved in such ignition transient. The LES method can capture the unsteady processes such as turbulence, two-phase flow physics and chemical kinetics. The numerical tool is first validated in academic and experimental cases, and then applied to a real rocket engine. A gradual approach is employed : the complexity is increased between each validation case, so as to identify the main physical processes. This research work shows that the LES approach, in the context of massively parallel computing, can be used to study the whole ignition sequence of a real cryogenic rocket engine.
192

Etude numérique et expérimentale du champ de vitesse en canaux composés / Numerical and experimental study of velocity distribution in compound channels

Bellahcen, Salma 17 November 2016 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse se propose de déterminer la distribution de vitesse dans des canaux composés à travers une étude expérimentale et numérique. Afin de répondre à cette problématique, deux approches sont suivies répondant chacune à des enjeux scientifiques et techniques et sous la contrainte de verrous scientifiques. La première approche est une étude expérimentale dont le but est de combler le manque de connaissances sur la distribution de vitesse dans des canaux type réseaux. Une série d’expérimentations est effectuée dans le hall expérimental de l’équipe mécanique des fluides du laboratoire ICube. La deuxième approche est la modélisation 3D où il s’agit de modéliser les travaux de (Proust et al., 2013) pour en déduire la distribution de vitesse dans une section transversale. Cette deuxième approche a pour but de développer une méthodologie de modélisation 3D du champ de vitesse en canaux composés. En plus des modèles de turbulence classiques (Kepsilon, K-oméga, RSM …); la simulation des grandes échelles est utilisée. Les résultats obtenus numériquement seront ensuite comparés à des données expérimentales. Les deux approches suivies dans cette thèse s’autoalimentent : l’étude expérimentale construit une base de données servant à valider le modèle numérique alors que l’étude numérique permet d’étendre les résultats des expérimentations à d’autres géométries. / Compound channels are characterized by a main channel and a floodplain. Their hydraulic behavior has important applications in rivers and flood control but also in sewer system management. Two approaches are followed in this study. The first one is an experimental study that aims to fulfill the lack of data concerning velocity distribution in narrow and deep compound channels. The experiments were carried out in a 16m long and 0.6m wide compound channel located in the experimental hall of ICube laboratory. The second approach is a numerical one. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology for numerical modelling of velocity distribution in compound channels. To do the experimental data of (Proust et al., 2013) were modelled compared to the experimental data in order to determine the most suitable model to reproduce velocity distribution. In addition to this comparison, the large eddy simulation method were also utilized for two experiments of (Proust et al., 2013) and (Nezu et al., 1990). Two specific boundary conditions were implemented in order to compare the efficiency of each method.
193

Flow instabilities in centrifugal compressors at low mass flow rate

Sundström, Elias January 2017 (has links)
A centrifugal compressor is a mechanical machine with purpose to convert kineticenergy from a rotating impeller wheel into the fluid medium by compressingit. One application involves supplying boost air pressure to downsized internalcombustion engines (ICE). This allows, for a given combustion chamber volume,more oxygen to the combustion process, which is key for an elevated energeticefficiency and reducing emissions. However, the centrifugal compressor is limitedat off-design operating conditions by the inception of flow instabilities causingrotating stall and/or surge. These instabilities appear at low flow rates andtypically leads to large vibrations and stress levels. Such instabilities affectthe operating life-time of the machine and are associated with significant noiselevels.The flow in centrifugal compressors is complex due to the presence of a widerange of temporal- and spatial-scales and flow instabilities. The success fromconverting basic technology into a working design depends on understandingthe flow instabilities at off-design operating conditions, which limit significantlythe performance of the compressor. Therefore, the thesis aims to elucidate theunderlying flow mechanisms leading to rotating stall and/or surge by means ofnumerical analysis. Such knowledge may allow improved centrifugal compressordesigns enabling them to operate more silent over a broader operating range.Centrifugal compressors may have complex shapes with a rotating partthat generate turbulent flow separation, shear-layers and wakes. These flowfeatures must be assessed if one wants to understand the interactions among theflow structures at different locations within the compressor. For high fidelityprediction of the complex flow field, the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approachis employed, which enables capturing relevant flow-driven instabilities underoff-design conditions. The LES solution sensitivity to the grid resolution usedand to the time-step employed has been assessed. Available experimentaldata in terms of compressor performance parameters, time-averaged velocity,pressure data (time-averaged and spectra) were used for validation purposes.LES produces a substantial amount of temporal and spatial flow data. Thisnecessitates efficient post-processing and introduction of statistical averagingin order to extract useful information from the instantaneous chaotic data. Inthe thesis, flow mode decomposition techniques and statistical methods, suchas Fourier spectra analysis, Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), ProperOrthogonal Decomposition (POD) and two-point correlations, respectively, areemployed. These methods allow quantifying large coherent flow structures atvfrequencies of interest. Among the main findings a dominant mode was foundassociated with surge, which is categorized as a filling and emptying processof the system as a whole. The computed LES data suggest that it is causedby substantial periodic oscillation of the impeller blade incidence flow angleleading to complete system flow reversal. The rotating stall flow mode occurringprior to surge and co-existing with it, was also captured. It shows rotating flowfeatures upstream of the impeller as well as in the diffuser. / <p>QC 20171117</p>
194

Prédiction du bruit large bande de ventilateurs centrifuges à usage domestique

Kone, Tenon Charly January 2013 (has links)
Ce mémoire présente une étude numérique du bruit aéroacoustique large bande d'une roue de ventilateur centrifuge. La recherche bibliographique démontre qu'il existe peu de méthod~s pour identifier les zones responsables de la propagation du bruit large bande des centrifuges due à la complexité de la géométrie du ventilateur. La connaissance de ces zones responsables de ce type de bruit orientera la conception d'un ventilateur silencieux. Afin d'accroître la gamme de méthode pour la localisation de ces zones, un code spécifique a été développé et présenté dans ce mémoire. L'approche utilisée vise à simuler d'une part, l'écoulement dans le ventilateur par la LES (Large Eddy Simulation) sous le logiciel Fluent. En effet, la LES permet d'avoir accès aux petites échelles responsables du bruit large bande. Ensuite, les fluctuations de pression pariétales émanant de cette simulation sont récupérées pour alimenter l'analogie acoustique. D'autre part, la puissance acoustique rayonnée est calculée par le biais du code spécifiquement développé. Ce code s'appuie sur la méthode de la décomposition modale (DOP). Finalement, on extrait les modes et les zones qui rayonnent le plus sur les pales de la roue (principale source de bruit large bande). Les résultats de validation numériques entre le code développé et le logiciel Fluent sont convaincants. En effet, les variations des champs acoustiques des deux codes sont comparables avec une différence en moyenne de 2.5dB. De plus, on obtient une atténuation du bruit par la distance qui correspond à la décroissance d'une onde plane en fonction de la distance. Les résultats d'identification des zones de la pale qui contribuent le plus au rayonnement acoustique sont également présentés dans ce mémoire. Cette technique permettra aux concepteurs d'aiguiller les modifications à faire pour rendre la roue de ventilation plus silencieuse.
195

Engineering Large Eddy Simulation of Diesel Sprays

Mompó Laborda, Juan Manuel 09 May 2014 (has links)
The main objective of this PhD thesis is the study of Diesel sprays under evaporative conditions by means of Large Eddy Simulations (LES) techniques. This study has been performed implementing a precise, low-demanding LES model in the free, full-purpose Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code OpenFOAM. The starting point was a careful and exhaustive review of the physical processes involved in sprays. An emphasis in CFD methodology, particularly for LES methods, was essential for the thesis, as we were able to find the possible problems and limitations of our approximation. Moreover, as the most widely used techniques for the industrial simulation of sprays are based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes models, we have highlighted the many advantages of LES modeling. As the latter are, by definition, more computationally expensive than RANS, we made an optimal configuration that, while it is able to recover accurately the experimental results, its characteristic time is in the same order of magnitude that RANS ones. As applicability is a must in this thesis, we use the surname ¿Engineering¿ LES. One of the key points of the thesis has been the correct configuration of the flow turbulent conditions on the inlet. In order to get accurate results, the turbulent structures coming from this inlet need to be time- and spacecoherent. An adequate calibration of this conditions is needed to perform any spray simulation. Last but not least, all the simulations performed where validated against experiments, obtaining a very good agreement even close to the nozzle / Mompó Laborda, JM. (2014). Engineering Large Eddy Simulation of Diesel Sprays [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/37345 / TESIS
196

Modélisation aérodynamique et thermique des plaques multiperforées en LES / Aerodynamic and thermal modeling of effusion cooling systems in Large Eddy Simulation

Bizzari, Romain 05 November 2018 (has links)
Dans les chambres de combustion aéronautiques, le refroidissement par micro-percage est la technique privilégiée pour protéger les parois contre les gaz chauds. L’air frais provenant du contournement traverse des milliers de perforations inclinées et for- ment des micro-jets. Ces derniers coalescent en un film qui protège les parois du tube a flamme. Avec les moyens informatiques actuels, effectuer une simulation aux grandes échelles d’un moteur réel est impossible. En effet, le nombre de micro-trous est beaucoup trop important pour permettre une résolution détaillée de chacun. Des modèles numériques sont donc nécessaires. Le modèle homogène, développé en 2008, permet de simuler des plaques multiperforees avec des maillages dont la résolution est supérieure a celle du trou. Il ne permet cependant pas de représenter la pénétration ni le mélange des jets avec les gaz chauds. Pour remédier a cela, une approche hétérogène, appelée modèle a trou épaissi, a été développée au cours de cette thèse. La précision étant toujours relative au maillage, une méthode de maillage adaptatif augmentant automatiquement la résolution dans les zones clés a été propose afin d’obtenir de meilleurs résultats pour un faible surcoût. Predire la température des parois du tube a flamme est l’objectif final des ingénieurs. A cet effet, une méthodologie appelée Adiab2colo, permettant d’évaluer la température de paroi a partir d’un calcul adiabatique non résolu, a également été développée. Ces trois techniques sont maintenant couramment utilisées par Safran Helicopter Engine pour la conception des moteurs de demain. / Numerical simulation is progressively taking importance in the design of an aero- nautical engine. However, concerning the particular case of cooling devices, the high number of sub-millimetric cooling holes is an obstacle for computational sim- ulations. A classical approach goes through the modelling of the effusion cooling by homogenisation. It allows to simulate a full combustor but failsin representing the jet penetration and mixing. A new approach named thickened-hole model was developed during this thesis to overcome this issue. A work on improving the mesh resolution onkey areas thanks to an automatic adaptive method is also presented, leading to a clear breakthrough. In parallel, as the flame tube temperature is a cornerstone for the combustor durability,a low-cost approach is proposed to predict it. To meet the time-constraints of design, it is based on thermal modelling instead of a direct thermal resolution.
197

Direct and Large-Eddy Simulations of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flow in Complex Geometries

Gao, Wei 01 1900 (has links)
Direct and large-eddy simulations of wall-bounded turbulent flows in complex geometries are presented in the thesis. To avoid the challenging resolution requirements of the near-wall region, we develop a virtual wall model in generalized curvilinear coordinates and incorporate the non-equilibrium effects via proper treatment of the momentum equations. The wall-modeled large-eddy simulation (WMLES) framework is formulated based on the wall model, accomplished via the stretched-vortex subgrid scale (SGS) model for the LES region. Based on this, we develop high-resolution in-house CFD codes, including direct numerical simulation (DNS), wall-resolved simulation (WRLES) and WMLES for wall-bounded turbulence simulations in complex geometries. First, we present LES of flow past different airfoils with Rec, based on the free-stream velocity and airfoil chord length, ranging from 104 to 2.1106. The numerical results are verified with DNS at low Rec, and validated with experimental data at higher Rec, including typical aerodynamic properties such as pressure coefficient distributions, velocity components, and also more challenging measurements such as skin-friction coefficient and Reynolds stresses. The unsteady separation behavior is investigated with skin friction portraits, which reveal a monotonic shrinking of the near wall structure scale. Second, we present LES of turbulent flow in a channel constricted by streamwise periodically distributed hill-shaped protrusions. Two Reynolds number cases, i.e. Reh=10595 and 33000 (based on the hill height and bulk mean velocity through the hill crest), are utilized to verify and validate our WMLES results. All comparisons show reasonable agreement, which enables us to further probe simulation results at higher Reynolds number (Reh=105). The Reynolds number effects are investigated, with emphasis on the mean skin-friction coefficients, separation bubble size and pressure fluctuations. The flow field at the top wall is evaluated with the empirical friction law and log-law as in planar channel flows. Finally, we present DNS of flow past the NACA0012 airfoil (Rec=104, AoA=10) with wavy roughness elements located near the leading edge. The effects of 2D surface roughness on the aerodynamic performance are investigated. For k8, massive separation occurs and almost covers the suction side of the airfoil dominating the airfoil aerodynamic performance.
198

Numerical Investigation of Flow Around a Deformed Vacuum Lighter-Than-Air Vehicle

Kerestes, Jared N. 02 June 2021 (has links)
No description available.
199

Řešení turbulentního dvoufázového proudění metodou Large Eddy Simulation / Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Two-Phase Flow

Volavý, Jaroslav Unknown Date (has links)
Doctoral thesis deals with the numerical simulations of two-phase flows, especially with prediction of movement of dispersed phase (particles) carried by fluid. The Euler-Lagrange approach was applied for description of the system fluid-particles. It means that the fluid is considered to be continuum and its movement is described using Euler approach. Particles are regarded as mass points and their movement is solved using Lagrangian approach. The Large Eddy Simulation method was adopted for solution of the fluid flow. The series of simulations of the backward-facing step flow laden with particles were performed. The concentration of the particles in the flow was high enough for consideration of the influence of particles on the turbulence of the carrier phase. The developed scheme for generation of turbulence on the inlet is applied. The influence of anisotropic decomposition of subgrid energy on movement of particles was studied in the frame of this work.
200

Modélisation de la combustion turbulente : application des méthodes de tabulation de la chimie détaillée l'allumage forcé / Numerical simulation of forced ignition using LES coupled with a tabulated detailed chemistry approach

Vallinayagam pillai, Subramanian 12 January 2010 (has links)
L'optimisation des systèmes d'allumage est un paramètre critique pour la définition des foyers de combustion industriels. Des simulations aux grandes échelles (ou LES pour Large-Eddy Simulation) d'un brûleur de type bluff-body non pré-mélangé ont été menées afin de comprendre l'influence de la position de la bougie sur la probabilité d'allumage. La prise en compte de la combustion est basée sur une méthode de tabulation de la chimie détaillée (PCM-FPI pour Presumed Conditional Moments - Flame Prolongation of ILDM). Les résultats de ces simulations ont été confrontés des résultats expérimentaux disponibles dans la littérature. Dans un premier temps, les mesures de vitesse et du champ de richesse à froid sont comparées aux résultats de la simulation pour évaluer les capacités de prédiction en terme de structure de l'écoulement et de mélange turbulent. Un suivi temporel des vitesses et de la fraction de mélange est réalisé à différents points pour déterminer les fonctions de densité de probabilité (ou PDF)des variables caractéristiques de l'écoulement, à partir des champs résolus en LES. Les PDFs ainsi obtenues servent l'analyse des phénomènes d'allumages réussis ou déficients rencontrés expérimentalement. Des simulations d'allumage forcé ont été effectuées pour analyser les différents scénarios de développement de la flamme. Les corrélations entre les valeurs locales (fraction de mélange, vitesse) autour de la position d'allumage et les chances de succès de développement du noyau de gaz brûlés sont alors discutées. Enfin, une extension de la méthode PCM-FPI avec prise en compte des effets d'étirement est développée à l'aide d'une analyse asymptotique, puis confrontée aux résultats de mesures expérimentales. / The optimization of the ignition process is a crucial issue in the design of many combustion systems. Large eddy simulation (LES) of a conical shaped bluff-body turbulent non-premixed burner has been performed to study the impact of spark location on ignition success. The chemistry part of the simulation is done using tabulated detailed chemistry approach. This burner was experimentally investigated by Ahmed et al at Cambridge (UK). The present work focuses on the case without swirl for which detailed measurements are available. First, cold fkow measurements of velocities and mixture fraction are compared with their LES counterparts, to assess the prediction capabilities of simulations in terms of flow and turbulent mixing. Time history of velocities and mixture fraction are recorded at selected spots, to probe the resolved probability density function (pdf) of flow variables, in an attempt to reproduce, from the knowledge of LES resolved instantaneous flow conditions, the experimentally observed reasons of success or failure of spark ignition. A flammability map is also constructed from the resolved mixture fraction pdf and compared with its experimental counterpart. LES of forced ignition is then performed using flamelet fully detailed tabulated chemistry combined with presumed pdfs (PCM-FPI). Various scenarios of flame kernel development are analyzed and correlated with typical flow conditions observed in this burner. The correlations between velocities and mixture fraction values at the sparking time and the success or failure of ignition are then further discussed and analysed. The rate of flame development during successful or unsuccessful ignition events are analysed and compared against experimental observations. Finally, from asymptotic flame analysis, a novel approach has been proposed to include flame straining effects in the PCM-FPI method developped at CORIA-CNRS. The new model overcomes the problem associated with classical PCM-FPI closure to model kernel quenching due to intense local turbulence. Computations are done including the flame straining effects and the effect brought by the new model on kernel development is analysed in detail.

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