Today digital signal processing techniques are employed in a variety of applications. Two factors contributing to the growth in the use of digital signal processing (DSP) are the advent of custom VLSI that has made using digital signal processing techniques to solve real time problems more attractive and powerful; and the ease and flexibility of application of digital signal processing technique both in hardware and software. The purpose of this paper is to present the design of a digital signal processor chip based on a consideration of VLSI technology and signal processing requirement for radar applications. The paper reviews basic signal processing tasks , giving emphasis to the digital filters and spectral analysis which are generally the required functions in radar signal processing. That leads to the discussion of two DSP algorithms Discret Fourier Transform and Fast Fourier Transform. The basic hardware components required are described along with the software to implement the DSP algorithms. Finally, an example demonstrates the use of processor chip to perform transversal filter function.

BIDES (A BIST Design Expert System) is an expert system for incorporating BIST into a digital circuit described with VHDL. BIDES modifies a circuit to produce a self-testable circuit by inserting BIST hardware such as pseudorandom pattern generators and signature analysis registers. In inserting BIST hardware, BIDES not only makes a circuit self-testable, but also incorporates the appropriate type of BIST structure so that a set of user-specified constraints on hardware overhead and testing time can be satisfied. This flexibility comes from the formulation of the BIST design problem as a search problem. A satisfactory BIST structure is explored through an iterative process of evaluation and regeneration of BIST structure. The process of regeneration is performed by a problem solving technique called hierarchical planning. In order to apply a hierarchical planning technique, we introduce an abstraction hierarchy in BIST design. Using the abstraction hierarchy, the knowledge of the BIST design process is represented with several operators defined on the abstraction levels. This type of knowledge representation in conjunction with hierarchical planning led to an easy implementation of the system and results in an easily modifiable system. In this dissertation, we also study a BIST scheme called cascade testing. ln cascade testing, a signature analysis register is used concurrently as a test pattern generator in order to reduce the overall testing time by improving testing parallelism. The characteristics of the patterns generated by the signature analysis register are investigated through analysis as well as experiments. lt is shown that the patterns generated by signature analysis registers are rarely repeated when the number of patterns generated is relatively small compared to the number of all possible patterns. It is also shown that the patterns generated by signature analysis registers are almost random. Therefore, signature analysis registers can be used effectively as pseudorandom pattern generators. The practicality of cascade testing is investigated by fault simulation experiments using an example circuit. / Ph. D.

Yes / In this study, large-scale fully instrumented laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the behaviour of buried flexible high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes, in sand beds with and without voids subjected to incrementally increasing cyclic loading. Voids with a predetermined size were created at one side of the springlines of the pipes, which were buried at variable depths, H, of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 times the diameter of the pipe, D. Results showed that increasing the pipe burial depth, H/D, contributed to decreasing the settlement of the footing, deformation of the pipe crown and invert, lateral displacement of the spring-line, and the stress and strain generated along the pipe crown and invert. Void presence led to a significant increase in the footing settlement, which ranged from 3 % up to 18 %, according to H/D. Furthermore, void presence led to a sharp increase in the crown, invert, and spring-line settlements, which ranged from 34 % to 52 %, 10 %–12.5 %, and 13 %–38 %, respectively. Increasing pipe burial depth was found to be highly effective in protecting buried pipes, minimising inevitable consequences of the presence of voids. However, this was combined with an increase in the pressure at the pipe spring-line that led to a positive horizontal support at the pipe’s spring-lines resulting in reducing pipe deformation.

This thesis addresses the Vehicle Routing Problem with Interdiction (VRPI), an extension of the classic Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) that incorporates the risk of route interdiction due to events such as natural disasters, armed conflicts, and infrastructural failures, among others. These interdictions introduce uncertainty and complexity into logistics planning, requiring innovative approaches to the routing process. This research employs both exact methods, using the CPLEX solver, and heuristic methods, particularly using the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP), to solve VRPI with different instance sizes. This research’s key contributions include successfully implementing the GRASP algorithm on large-scale benchmark instances, representing a significant advancement over prior implementations that focused on smaller, randomly generated instances. A flexible framework was also developed to adapt the GRASP methodology for different VRP variants, including the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) and Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (SDVRP), with and without interdiction. A feasibility analysis for small instances was developed using CPLEX, highlighting the sensitivity of VRPI solutions to interdiction probabilities, particularly in scenarios with tight capacity constraints. The findings of this analysis are extended to large instances. Additionally, a 3-fold logic was incorporated in the GRASP implementation—focused on minimizing cost, minimizing interdiction, and minimizing demand—proved crit- ical in facing the VRPI challenges, and provided high-quality solutions with reduced computational effort. Including the minimum demand logic in GRASP was instrumen- tal during the implementation and numerical experimentation for large benchmark in- stances. The implications of this thesis are significant for operational research (OR), particularly in high-risk environments where route interdictions can occur. Future research directions include generating more diverse benchmark instances for VRPI, exploring the impact of variability in interdiction probabilities on solution quality and computational time, and applying exact methods like dynamic programming to solve large VRP instances. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

This Master's Thesis was performed at SkyMaker AB in Linköping during the spring of 2024. SkyMaker is a company specializing in CAD automation, and this project explores the integration of Procedural Content Generation (PCG) principles into Computer-Aided Design (CAD) to evaluate their potential benefits for CAD users. The focus of the study is on transitioning from Engineer-to-Order (ETO) to Configure-to-Order (CTO) products. The project has been conducted following a structured research and development process. This included a comprehensive literature review, comparisons of game modelling software, and practical development on the DynaMaker platform. The central aim was to assess the applicability of various PCG techniques in CAD. Concepts were developed and evaluated to determine the feasibility and benefits of integrating PCG principles into CAD software, specifically for designing a colony on Mars. The results highlight the potential of combining CAD with PCG, though at a somewhat simplified and foundational level. Through an iterative process, the project demonstrated the feasibility of PCG in CAD design and its potential benefits. Supported by these findings, the influence of PCG on the shift from ETO to CTO was also presented. The findings and methodologies have been thoroughly documented to support further development in this innovative area.

Linear energy system models are a crucial component of energy system design and operations, as well as energy policy consulting. If detailed enough, such models lead to large-scale linear programs, which can be intractable even for the best state-of-the-art solvers. This article introduces an interior-point solver that exploits common structures of energy system models to efficiently run in parallel on distributed-memory systems. The solver is designed for linear programs with doubly-bordered block-diagonal constraint matrix and makes use of a Schur complement based decomposition. In order to handle the large number of linking constraints and variables commonly observed in energy system models, a distributed Schur complement preconditioner is used. In addition, the solver features a number of more generic techniques such as parallel matrix scaling and structure-preserving presolving. The implementation is based on the solver PIPS-IPM. We evaluate the computational performance on energy system models with up to four billion nonzero entries in the constraint matrix—and up to one billion columns and one billion rows. This article mainly concentrates on the energy system model ELMOD, which is a linear optimization model representing the European electricity markets by the use of a nodal pricing market-clearing. It has been widely applied in the literature on energy system analyses in recent years. However, it will be demonstrated that the new solver is also applicable to other energy system models.

В России в настоящее время не распространено “модульное строительство” из легких материалов, хотя многие зарубежные архитекторы, строительные компании и инвесторы рассматривают этот подход как одну из возможностей решения жилищного вопроса, учитывая современные требования к архитектуре, дизайну, комфорту и функциональности объектов, их энергоэффективности и экологической безопасности. Сегодня особенно важны вопросы ускорения темпов жилищного строительства и снижения затрат на производство. В прошлом году 193 тысяч россиян переехали из ветхих и аварийных зданий в новые дома. В текущем году планируется переселить еще около 140 тысяч. Несмотря на увеличение темпов жилищного строительства, эта проблема всё ещё актуальна, и на сегодняшний день не получила окончательного решения. / At present, “modular construction” made of light materials is not widespread in Russia, although many foreign architects, construction companies and investors consider this approach as one of the possibilities for solving the housing problem, taking into account modern requirements for architecture, design, comfort and functionality of objects, their energy efficiency and environmental safety. Today, the issues of accelerating the pace of housing construction and reducing production costs are particularly important. Last year, 193 thousand Russians moved from dilapidated and dilapidated buildings to new homes. This year, it is planned to relocate about 140 thousand more. Despite the increase in the pace of housing construction, this problem is still relevant, and to date has not received a final solution.

A contradiction between the Ethiopian law of investment and environmental law is prevalent since law of investment promotes development while environmental law protects the environment. The thesis investigates the general legal issue: How do the investment and environmental laws of Ethiopia promote large-scale agricultural development without adversely affecting the environment? In the research, comparative legal research methodology is employed: comparison is made between the internationally accepted principles of large-scale agricultural investment and Ethiopian laws; the laws and experiences of Brazil and South Africa are showed that law of sustainable large-scale agricultural investment is vital to promote agricultural development and protect the environment. International law on investment and environment are also considered. International legal principles of solving the contradiction between environmental law and investment law are analysed. Legal and document analysis of Ethiopian laws, policies and government documents have been made. Interviews have been made, data through questionnaires have been collected and analysed, and 12 large-scale agricultural investment farms have been observed and critically analysed. The thesis identified that law of large-scale agricultural investment promotes development while Ethiopian environmental law protects the environment. The law has a role in promoting large-scale agricultural development by recognising the right to development and providing incentives and creating conducive environment. Thus, the law should be used to promote both the right to development and environmental protection. The nexus between investment law and environmental law should be strengthening. It is identified that the law of sustainable large-scale agricultural development could protect the environment while promoting large-scale agricultural development. The thesis identified the Ethiopian law and the practices do not promote sustainable large-scale agricultural development. Thus, it is recommended that precautionary principle, like EIA should be made a requirement for large-scale agricultural investment, implementing efficiently and effectively the large-scale agricultural law principles, and laws to achieve sustainable large-scale agriculture. / Public, Constitutional and International Law / LL. D.

This present thesis comprise two major parts both experimental and numerical study which have been conducted in four distinct steps as following: (1) Design, construction, and evaluation of control and hydrodynamic of a bioreactor system. (2) Visualization of fluid flow perfusion in the hollow fibre membrane bioreactor (HFMB) using a biomedical noninvasive imaging technique, i.e. positron emission tomography (PET). (3) Development of a mathematical model for analyzing a hybrid hollow fibre membrane bioreactor (hHFMB) and (4) Development of a dynamic and two-porous media model for analyzing the HFMB with the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), specifically for bone tissue engineering application. The experimental part includes the steps 1 and 2. In the step 1, the flow perfusion bioreactor system has been designed and constructed. The experimental evaluations of hydrodynamic, and control were performed. In this system, mean pressure, mean flow rate, frequency and waveform of the pulsatile pressure and flow rate can be modulated and controlled over the time to simulate both physiological and non-physiological conditions. The temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH can be controlled.This bioreactor system can be applied to a variety of scaffold configurations, geometries, and sizes as the cell/tissue culture chamber is adjustable in length.This system is autoclavable, and compatible with noninvasive medical imaging techniques. Designing of the inlet and outlet manifold of the bioreactor were performed according to data obtained from CFD simulation of the flow distribution to achieve high efficiencies in the uniformity of flow perfusion. In the second step, PET was proposed for the very first time and a small animal PET system was used to obtain new information about steady and pulsatile flow patterns in the HFMB for tissue engineering applications. The non-homogeneous tracer distribution, as found with PET imaging, implies the occurrence of non-efficient regions with respect to mass transfer. In steady inlet flow condition, a non-uniform distribution of radioactive tracer was obtained. In contrast, the pulsatile inlet flow generated more uniform perfusion than that of steady flow. Further, it was found that in the case of pulsatile flow, the accumulation of the tracer within the bioreactor was efficiently less than that of steady inlet flow at the same condition. Therefore, in one hand these findings have the potential to improve bioreactor design and in the other hand can explore a very important rout to employ PET in developing bioreactors for tissue engineering applications. The numerical part includes the step 3 and 4 in which the numerical study has been performed for 3-D bone tissue growth in HFMB as a case study for large-scale tissue culture. In the step 3, the feasibility of utilizing newly proposed hHFMB for the growth of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to form bone tissue was investigated using numerical simulations. To this aim, a mathematical model using a CFD code was developed to optimize the design and operation parameters of hHFMB for the growth of MSCs. The volume averaging method was used to formulate mass balance for the nutrients and the cells in the porous extracapillary space (ECS) of the hHFMB. The cell-scaffold construct in the ECS of the hollow fibres and membrane wall were treated as porous medium. Cell volume fraction dependent porosity, permeability, and diffusivity of mass were used in the model. The simulations allowed the simultaneous prediction of nutrient distribution and nutrient-dependent cell volume fraction. In addition, this model was used to study the effects of the operating and design parameters on the nutrient distribution and cell growth within the bioreactor. The modeling results demonstrated that the fluid dynamics within the ECS and transport properties and uptake rates in hHFMB were sufficient to support MSCs required for clinical-scale bone tissue growth in vitro and enabled to solve nutrition difficulties because of high cell density and scaffold size. In the step 4, the new dynamic and two-porous media model has been used for analyzing the nutrient-dependent MSCs growth in order to form the bone tissue in the HFMB. In the present model, hollow fibre scaffold within the bioreactor was treated as a porous domain. The domain consists of the porous lumen region available for fluid flow and the porous ECS region, filled with collagen gel containing cells, for growing tissue mass. Furthermore, the contributions of several design and process parameters, which enhance the performance of the bioreactor, were studied. In addition, the dynamic evaluation of cell growth, oxygen and glucose distributions were quantitatively analyzed. The obtained information can be used for better designing of the bioreactor, determining of suitable operational conditions and scale up of the bioreactor for engineering of clinical-scale bone tissue.--Résumé abrégé par UMI.

This dissertation examines cross-category effects in consumer purchases from the big data and analytics perspectives. It uses data from Nielsen Consumer Panel and Scanner databases for its investigations. With big data analytics it becomes possible to examine the cross effects of many product categories on each other. The number of categories whose cross effects are studied is called category scale or just scale in this dissertation. The larger the category scale the higher the number of categories whose cross effects are studied. This dissertation extends research on models of cross effects by (1) examining the performance of MVP model across category scale; (2) customizing artificial neural network (ANN) techniques for large-scale cross effect analysis; (3) examining the performance of ANN across scale; and (4) developing a conceptual model of spending habits as a source of cross effect heterogeneity. The results provide researchers and managers new knowledge about using the two techniques in large category scale settings The computational capabilities required by MVP models grow exponentially with scale and thus are more significantly limited by computational capabilities than are ANN models. In our experiments, for scales 4, 8, 16 and 32, using Nielsen data, MVP models could not be estimated using baskets with 16 and more categories. We attempted to and could calibrate ANN models, on the other hand, for both scales 16 and 32. Surprisingly, the predictive results of ANN models exhibit an inverted U relationship with scale. As an ancillary result we provide a method for determining the existence and extent of non-linear own and cross category effects on likelihood of purchase of a category using ANN models. Besides our empirical studies, we draw on the mental budgeting model and impulsive spending literature, to provide a conceptualization of consumer spending habits as a source of heterogeneity in cross effect context. Finally, after a discussion of conclusions and limitations, the dissertation concludes with a discussion of open questions for future research.