This study examines the factors that impact the utilization of formal support services by Hispanic informal caregivers caring for a person with Alzheimer Disease and related disorders (ADRD) and utilizes data from the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer Caregiver’s Health (REACH) project. The current study examines potential factors that influence the utilization of formal support services and areas of unmet need for Hispanic caregivers. This study also examines the intra-heterogeneity of Hispanic caregivers. To examine utilization of services by Hispanic caregivers, a model for service utilization was analyzed using structural equation modeling. To examine potential group differences between Cuban and non-Hispanic Cuban caregivers, multigroup structural equation modeling was conducted with a covariance structure of variables of interest. The results of the study did not support this first hypothesis which examines factors that influence service utilization. Only one of the predictors, level of education, was found to be significantly correlated with service utilization. The results of the study supported the second hypothesis that Cuban Hispanic and non-Cuban Hispanic caregivers were not equivalent across the set of predictor variables examined. A significant finding, however, was that caregiver psychological distress and the care recipient’s health status were significantly correlated to service utilization for the non-Cuban Hispanic caregivers, but not for the Cuban Hispanic caregivers. Treatment implications for this study are that homogenous interventions may not be able to meet the needs of this diverse population. It will be important for interventions and services developed for Hispanic populations to include education about Alzheimer’s disease symptoms, progression of the disease, and services available to meet the caregiver and care recipient needs throughout the duration of the caregiving experience. Based on the results of this study, it is important for treatment providers to assist caregivers to increase awareness of opportunities for service utilization. It is important for the psychologist to be mindful the difficulty of seeking services for all home-based caregivers, particularly lower educated Hispanic caregivers. Service providers should work to understand the worldview and the perspective of caregiving that may vary between the different ethnic groups that fall under the Hispanic umbrella.

This study examines the factors that impact the utilization of formal support services by Hispanic informal caregivers caring for a person with Alzheimer Disease and related disorders (ADRD) and utilizes data from the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer Caregiver’s Health (REACH) project. The current study examines potential factors that influence the utilization of formal support services and areas of unmet need for Hispanic caregivers. This study also examines the intra-heterogeneity of Hispanic caregivers. To examine utilization of services by Hispanic caregivers, a model for service utilization was analyzed using structural equation modeling. To examine potential group differences between Cuban and non-Hispanic Cuban caregivers, multigroup structural equation modeling was conducted with a covariance structure of variables of interest. The results of the study did not support this first hypothesis which examines factors that influence service utilization. Only one of the predictors, level of education, was found to be significantly correlated with service utilization. The results of the study supported the second hypothesis that Cuban Hispanic and non-Cuban Hispanic caregivers were not equivalent across the set of predictor variables examined. A significant finding, however, was that caregiver psychological distress and the care recipient’s health status were significantly correlated to service utilization for the non-Cuban Hispanic caregivers, but not for the Cuban Hispanic caregivers. Treatment implications for this study are that homogenous interventions may not be able to meet the needs of this diverse population. It will be important for interventions and services developed for Hispanic populations to include education about Alzheimer’s disease symptoms, progression of the disease, and services available to meet the caregiver and care recipient needs throughout the duration of the caregiving experience. Based on the results of this study, it is important for treatment providers to assist caregivers to increase awareness of opportunities for service utilization. It is important for the psychologist to be mindful the difficulty of seeking services for all home-based caregivers, particularly lower educated Hispanic caregivers. Service providers should work to understand the worldview and the perspective of caregiving that may vary between the different ethnic groups that fall under the Hispanic umbrella.

This dissertation investigates the ethnic labor market activities of the Latina/os. This study is important since regardless of their historical and increasing presence in the U.S., Latinos continue to find themselves disproportionately at the bottom of the social hierarchy (Saenz, Morales, and Ayala 2004). Furthermore, due to their lack of access, a significant amount of the members of this group are turning to employment in an ethnic niche. While there is no consensus as to what exactly constitutes an ethnic niche, a distinct characteristic is the co-ethnic nature of the work environments. Special focus is placed on how immigration status/nativity, gender, nativity, and skin color influences job search activities and wage differentials in the ethnic niche. While these factors have been found to impact the mainstream labor market, our knowledge of how these factors operate in a work environment with a dominant presence of co-ethnics is ambiguous. Utilizing data from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality (MCSUI), results show that Latina/os workers in co-ethnic niches receive fewer economic rewards than their ethnic counterparts in the general labor market. Furthermore, within the Latina/o population dark-skinned individuals are more likely to be employed in ethnic niches while the lighter-skinned are more likely to be employed in the general labor market. When examining the stratification factors of immigration/nativity status, gender, and skin color, in addition to social networks, findings show that these stratification factors operate in a similar fashion in ethnic niches as they do in more mainstream labor markets. Thus these findings question the presumably protective work environment of ethnic niches.

La calidad de los medicamentos genéricos/multifuentes (MG) debe ser garantizada por estudios de bioequivalencia (BE) en armonía con las directrices de la OPS/OMS, favoreciendo su acceso y fortaleciendo las Políticas de Medicamento Genéricos (PMG). La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo evaluar la reglamentación de los MG en América Latina y Europa, y la implementación de BE como requisito de su calidad. Metodología: Documentos oficiales normativos y reglamentarios de PMG, y guías de BE fueron evaluados mediante el metanálisis. Resultados: en América Latina; México y Brasil aplican la BE como requisito de calidad e intercambiabilidad de MG; Argentina, Colombia, Chile y Colombia en fármacos de riesgo sanitario elevado, el Perú actualmente lo ha incorporado para el registro de MG, quedando por definir el listado de los medicamentos con BE. Se discute sobre los requisitos legales y el impacto de la BE sobre las prestaciones farmacéuticas favoreciendo la incorporación de MG, seguros, eficaces y de bajo costo. La investigación valida la BE como requisito mínimo exigible para su registro, y comercialización de la fenitoina, carbamacepina, acido valproico y ciclosporina en el sistema sanitario peruano. Los fármacos de Clase I no requieren los estudios de BE y pueden solicitar su bioexcención. Palabras clave: Medicamento Genérico/multifuente, Bioequivalencia, Legislación de medicamentos / The quality of generic / multisource (MG) should be guaranteed by bioequivalence (BE) in harmony with the guidelines of the PAHO / WHO, promoting and strengthening their access generic drug policy (PMG). The present investigation was to evaluate the regulation of GM in Latin America and Europe, and the implementation of BE as a condition of its quality. Methodology: Official documents of the PMG policy and regulatory, and BE guidelines were evaluated using meta-analysis. Results: In Latin America, Mexico and Brazil applied the BE as a requirement of quality and interchangeability of MG, Argentina, Colombia, Chile and Colombia in high health risk drugs, Peru currently has built for the registration of MG, to be defined The list of drugs with BE. It discusses the legal requirements and the impact of BE on the pharmaceutical benefits by promoting the incorporation of MG, safe, effective and inexpensive. The research validates the BE as a minimum requirement for registration and marketing of phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid and cyclosporine in the Peruvian health system. Class I drugs do not require BE studies and may apply for bioexcención. Keywords: Generic/Multisource Drugs, Bioequivalence, Drug Regulation

This dissertation is based on an ethnographic study of the lives of six student-parents (four young women and two young men) from Barlow High School in northwest Austin, Texas. The lived experiences of student-parents from a predominately Latina/o high school and my interactions with Barlow High School's student body, staff, educators, administrators, and social workers from an on-campus organization called A-Space illustrate how the discursive construction of teenage pregnancy as a social problem intersects with the schooling process to (re)produce gendered, classed, and racialized notions of belonging in the American body politic. My analysis considers the development of an American cultural concern with teenage pregnancy through a history of reproductive and racial politics, and it examines the work of The National Campaign to Prevent Teenage and Unplanned Pregnancy, which, I argue, is a racializing campaign. An American cultural concern with teenage pregnancy has yielded a discourse of teenage pregnancy prevention that constructs the solution to teenage pregnancy around responsibility rather than access to contraception and information. The lives of Barlow High students and student-parents highlight the complexity of deterritorialized lived experiences, which sometimes include early family formation. While Barlow High School's student body of color learned about belonging in the first decade of the new millennium, educators vacillated between understanding the intersecting hierarchies of power impeding socioeconomic mobility and academic achievement in the community and believing that they did the best they could in the given situation. Educators and social workers, as agents of the state, failed to recognize their role in creating community. In sum, this dissertation documents a borderlanding or the creation of a borderlands in the new millennium. / text

When considering the Latina dancer in the United States it is easy to conjure images of a fruit crowned Carmen Miranda shimming in front of the camera, videos of Jennifer Lopez swinging her hips in dark and crowded clubs, sultry salsa dancers rocking and twisting on their bedazzled stilettos, or Jalisco girls who swirl the hemlines of their rainbow colored skirts as they parade down the street. These depictions of the Latina dancer are duly noted for creating a means of visibility for an otherwise invisible demographic. However, they also function to reinforce stereotypical ideas of the Latina moving body which limit Latina agency by positioning dancing Latinas within a set of prescribed representational practices. My study bridges Latina/o studies with dance studies in order to ask how Latina women are utilizing modern and contemporary dance styles to upset and redefine notions of the dancing Latina. I focus on the choreography of four women in particular; Michelle Manzanales, Maray Gutierrez, Annabelle Lopez Ochoa, and Nancy Turano who each presented work in association with Luna Negra Dance Theatre’s Latina Choreographers Project. Through my study I place the project’s mission into dialog with the corpus of choreography commissioned during its three-year lifespan (2006-2009). My close analysis serves to elucidate the stories that the choreographers chose to tell. For some, the deconstruction of icons provided the most compelling exercise in the process of excavating beneath quintessential Latino facades. For others, the strong recollections of home and the feeling of not being able to assert a defined location characterized their investigations of cultural identity. The Latina Choreographers Project, I contend, sets a historical precedent by pursuing and presenting the work of Latina choreographers in a field that has traditional excluded the Latina voice. I argue that by engaging four choreographers with extraordinarily diverse relationships to Latinidad and presenting them to an American audience, the Latina Choreographer Project presents an invaluable opportunity for intercultural and cross-cultural dialog that aims to relay the complexity and nuances of a contemporary Latina experience. / text

Questa ricerca è un’indagine semasiologica del lessico agostiniano della provvidenza divina, costituito dalle parole-chiave prouidentia, prouideo, prouidens, prouidus, prouisio, prouisor, prouisus, e dai lessemi in relazione logico-sintattica diretta con esse. La prospettiva è sia sincronica (si considerano tutte le attestazioni delle parole-chiave presenti nel corpus agostiniano), sia diacronica: si soppesano di volta in volta analogie e differenze agostiniane rispetto agli antecedenti, nell’intento di arricchire il panorama dei possibili modelli lessicali latini (pagani, biblici, patristici) di Agostino. I dati lessicali sono stati raccolti in una banca dati appositamente costituita, selezionati secondo i criteri di frequenza e pregnanza semantica, e analizzati per nuclei tematici, coincidenti in parte con i capitoli della tesi. Si studiano dapprima i lessemi che esprimono il governo della provvidenza (le famiglie lessicali di administro, guberno e rego, e altri lessemi che designano l’azione della provvidenza); sono poi analizzati lessemi e iuncturae in cui prevale l’idea del mistero della provvidenza. Gli ultimi due capitoli sono dedicati al tema della cura divina, e a quello della cosiddetta “pedagogia divina”: attraverso i segni esteriori, la provvidenza ‘richiama’ l’uomo a rientrare in se stesso. Un’appendice approfondisce infine l’uso agostiniano di Sap 6,16 e Sap 8,1. L’apporto di Agostino al lessico filosofico latino va individuato a livello semantico più che nell’innovazione lessicale. Accanto a suffissazione, composizione, calco, la metafora svolge un ruolo essenziale nella formazione del lessico dell’Ipponate, e proviene spesso da altre lingue tecniche oppure è radicata nel patrimonio di immagini tradizionali della religione pagana. Il debito di Agostino è indubbiamente verso Cicerone, ma anche verso Seneca, per l’uso in ambito esistenziale-biografico di alcuni lessemi. Agostino li trasferisce però dal piano umano a quello divino, come nel caso del concetto di admonitio: parte integrante del programma filosofico senecano; ‘richiamo’ della provvidenza per Agostino, concetto che risente anche dell’apporto di retorica ed esegesi. / The dissertation is a semasiological investigation of Augustine’s vocabulary concerning Divine Providence. It comprises both the key-words prouidentia, prouideo, prouidens, prouidus, prouisio, prouisor, prouisus and the lexemes in a direct logic-syntactic relationship to the key-words. On the one hand, the synchronic analysis considers all the key-words’ attestations within Augustine’s corpus, on the other hand, analogies and differences between Augustine and previous authors are successively evaluated from a diachronic perspective, in order to widen the spectrum of Augustine’s possible Latin models (pagans, biblical, patristic). I have created a database to record the lexical data, selecting them according to the criteria of frequency and significance, organizing them by topics, corresponding in part to the dissertation’s chapters. The first section deals with lexemes that designate the idea of the governance of Providence (the families of administro, guberno, rego and some lexemes which express the action of Providence); moreover, lexemes and iuncturae signifying Providence as a mysterious presence are investigated. The last two chapters deal with the topic of benevolence and with the so-called “divine pedagogy”: through exterior signs, Providence “calls back” the human being to his interiority. A final appendix deals with Augustine’s use of Sap 6,16 and Sap 8,1. Augustine’s contribution to Latin philosophical vocabulary takes place on the semantic level rather than the lexical. Besides suffixation, composition, and calque, metaphors play a fundamental role in the composition of Augustine’s vocabulary. Metaphors are often derived from other technical languages, or they are based on traditional images of the pagan religion. Augustine is indebted to Cicero and also to Seneca for the biographical-existential meaning of some lexemes, though Augustine transfers them from the human level to the divine level. This becomes clear, e.g., with reference to the concept of admonitio, an integral part of Seneca’s philosophical program, but the Providence’s “recall” for Augustine.

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