IPV is the most common cause of violence-related injury to women in the United States and greater than one-third of all female homicide victims in the U.S. were killed by the victims' husband or partner. Nationally, intimate partner violence (IPV) has been identified as a public health issue, and internationally gender inequality is the number one human rights issue. In addition to risk factors identified among multicultural samples, characteristics that increase Latina vulnerability to IPV may relate to the specific cultural scripts between partners that are expected and supported within Latino culture. Latinas in the United States are affected by a confluence of risk factors for IPV including power imbalances associated with traditional gender roles (machismo, the stereotypical male role, and marianismo, the traditional female role), acculturation, socioeconomic status and education level. Vulnerability to coercive control behaviors resulting in IPV from a partner may be increased if the woman has a previous history of child sexual abuse (CSA). A secondary analysis of selected data from a three year parent study, SEPA II (Salud, Educacion, Prevencion y Autocuidado; Health, Education, Prevention and Self-Care), was undertaken to explore the relationships between CSA, machismo, marianismo, acculturation, socioeconomic status and education on the severity and occurrence of IPV among 548 adult Latinas between the ages of 18 and 50. Selected data elements were analyzed from the Short Form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2S), the Violence Assessment Questionnaire (VAQ), the M-Measure (machismo), the Attitudes toward Women Scale (marianismo), the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (BAS) and baseline demographic measures collected on the El Centro Intake Form. Correlations were done to examine the relationships among IPV, CSA, machismo, marianismo, acculturation, SES and education. Logistic regression was used to determine if women who report IPV are more likely to also report a history of CSA, more traditional gender role beliefs, higher levels of acculturation, lower SES and higher education. CTS2S (severity of violence) was significantly correlated with CSA, and the non-Hispanic domain of the BAS. The VAQ measure of violence (occurrence of physical violence > 18 years) also was significantly correlated with CSA, negatively correlated with the Hispanic domain, positively correlated with the Non-Hispanic domain of the BAS, and negatively correlated with monthly income. CSA was negatively associated with the Hispanic domain, positively correlated with the non-Hispanic domain and negatively correlated with years of education. Traditional gender roles did not influence the occurrence or severity of violence in this study. CSA was a significant predictor of IPV among Latinas. Hispanic domain (acculturation) and higher monthly income were protective against IPV among Latinas. Childhood sexual abuse, identification with non-Hispanic culture and decreased SES were found to increase vulnerability to IPV among Latinas. There is a need to design and test interventions and support systems for women that are contextually structured to acknowledge the family and community values as well as the individual needs of Latinas. Interpreting responses to violence for Latinas within the larger context of equality for women becomes part of an international focus aimed at ending gender based violence.

The purpose of this study was to explore the lifelong physical activity (PA) stories of Latinas to determine motives that contribute to exercise adherence behaviors. Using an interview process, life histories were collected from six self-identified PA adherents of Hispanic descent. Three narrative analysis techniques were used to analyze the interviews and the transcript of a follow-up focus group meeting. In the first technique, the Holistic-Content perspective and Labovian transcription were used to identify major themes common in the interviews. Adherence themes that emerged were: 1) culture and family, 2) being pushed, 3) health, 4) role models, and 5) competence. A review of these themes resulted in several suggestions for teaching practitioners: 1) including enjoyment as a criteria for planning activities, 2) focusing on positive reinforcement from teachers and families, 3) providing early opportunities for success, and 4) interacting with strong female role models. A second analysis technique, Lakoff and Johnson's linguistic studies using metaphor to understand one idea in terms of another, yielded the concept of love as health. Study participants frequently used the terms love and addiction in connection with PA. Participants suggested the following as characteristics of healthy love relationships: loyalty, community, positive results, and variety. The term addiction, while not specifically a metaphor, emerged during this process as a powerful exercise adherence motivator. Euphoria and "not feeling right unless I exercise" were cited as primary reasons for adherence behavior. The third technique used was Borman's Symbolic Convergence Theory in which a rhetorical community is formed around a fantasy theme. The theme "perfect body" was identified in the stories as common to four of the participants. Via the media and pop culture, the rhetorical community communicates that a "perfect body" can be achieved with PA and diet. The oppressive gendered message here is that a woman's worth is largely determined by the look of her body, and having the perfect body is the way to success. Facilitating the shift from solely external motivators to a more balanced internal/external set of motivators and from solely negative motivators to positive reasons for exercise adherence is the recommended goal for teaching practitioners.

This thesis examines contradictory stereotypes navigated by Latina celebrities within dominant representations of Latina identity. On one hand, Latinas are represented as traditional and family-oriented and on the other hand are understood as exotic and hypersexual. I argue that the marketing and content of cookbooks by Eva Longoria and Gloria and Emilio Estefan serve to perpetuate dominant stereotypes about what it means to be/cook/eat Latina, which limits the possibilities for relating to food and creates a narrative of a static, homogenous Latina identity. By performing rhetorical analysis of cookbooks by Eva Longoria and Gloria and Emilio Estefan, I illustrate the ways in which the cookbooks function to legitimize both the ethnic authenticity of the celebrity author and of the cuisine itself.

Orientador: Margarida Maria de Carvalho / Banca: Ivan Esperança Rocha / Banca: Gilvan Ventura da Silva / Resumo: Por volta do ano de 159 d.C., o filósofo médio-platônico Apuleio foi acusado de praticar magia para conquistar e se casar com uma rica viúva da cidade de Oea na África romana. Os acusadores faziam parte da família da viúva e de seu falecido marido, sendo que todos envolvidos na ação contra Apuleio eram homens da elite da cidade em questão. Apuleio defendeu-se em causa própria e, anos mais tarde, transcreveu o discurso de defesa intitulado Apologia. Os estudos historiográficos que versam sobre as razões do processo fundamentam-se em mostrar possíveis confusões dos acusadores em relação às práticas místicas de Apuleio, típicas da filosofia médio-platônica, com a magia e razões de interesse de Apuleio e dos acusadores na riqueza da viúva como causa do processo. A presente Dissertação objetiva apresentar uma proposta de leitura das motivações da acusação infligida contra Apuleio no âmbito das relações de poder em torno de algumas características que envolviam o acusado e que estão, conforme nossa análise, presentes na acusação, tais como: a representação do filósofo como homem público capaz de desenvolver atividades relacionadas à política, as relações da magia com o poder e os casamentos da elite romana como formas de alianças entre famílias / Abstracts: In the region of year 159 a.D. the philosopher medium-platonic Apuleius was accused to practice magic to conquer and to marry to a rich widow of the city of Oea in the Africa Roman. The plain tiffs were part of the family of the widow and of her deceased husband, being that all involved ones in the action against Apuleius were elite's men of the city in question. Apuleio defended in proper cause and years later he transcribed the defense speech, entitled Apology. The historiography's studies that turn on the reasons of process, are based on showing possible confusions of the plaintiffs in relation them practice mystics of Apuleius, typical of the medium-platonic philosophy with the magic and reasons of interest of Apuleius and of the plaintiffs in the wealth of widow as cause of the process. The present Dissertation consists to present a propose of reading of the motivations of the accusation inflicted against Apuleius in the scope of the relations of being able around some characteristics that involved the defendant and that they are, in agreement our analysis present in the accusation, such as: the representation of the philosopher as public personality capable to develop activities related to the politics in this context, the relations of the magic with the power and the marriages of the elite roman as forms of alliances between families / Mestre

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / Desde la entrada en vigencia de la Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) en 1998, el establecimiento de sistemas de exclusión de responsabilidad de los intermediarios ha sido una solución habitual para el problema de la determinación de responsabilidad de los intermediarios en Internet por las conductas ilícitas de los usuarios de sus servicios. No obstante, estos sistemas pueden poner en riesgo otros intereses relevantes, como lo es el derecho de libertad de expresión. Esta investigación analiza los sistemas de exclusión de responsabilidad de intermediarios establecidos en Chile, Paraguay y Costa Rica, y los evalúa a través de un enfoque de derechos humanos, de modo de comprobar si estos logran un balance entre los intereses de intermediarios, titulares de contenidos y usuarios. Palabras Clave: Proveedores de servicios en internet, intermediarios, libertad de expresión en internet, derecho de autor, responsabilidad de intermediarios, notice and takedown

Los problemas ambientales ocupan un lugar central en la agenda de las preocupaciones del mundo. Es una realidad dramática que preside el devenir de la humanidad la existencia de serios deterioros en el medio geobiofísico, en las comunidades humanas y en el ambiente en general. No es un asunto que pueda limitarse a un aspecto en particular. El asunto es mundial, por cuanto la naturaleza es un sistema interrelacionado. Sin embargo, la comprensión de la relación sociedad-naturaleza obliga a generar conocimientos pertinentes de cada situación relativa al medio ambiente, si se quieren proponer soluciones adecuadas a los problemas ambientales. En ese proceso de comprender la relación sociedad-naturaleza, la globalización ha significado, hasta ahora, ir al encuentro del mundo sobre los problemas ambientales, pero sólo en términos referenciales. La lugarización, pretende ir al encuentro del hombre en sus comunidades para generar conocimiento y compromiso de trascendencia con su base de sustentación ecológica y con sus semejantes. Globalización y lugarización son procesos inscritos en la compleja relación sociedad-naturaleza, que implican pensar en un contexto planetario, pero actuar localmente. En este contexto, la solución a los problemas ambientales exige posturas principistas sobre el desarrollo y cobra vigencia el concepto de sostenibilidad, para lo cual ámbitos de reflexión son la globalización y su operatividad, la lugarización. Las causas de los problemas ambientales podrían buscarse en el enfoque racionalista de la modernidad, en la inversión de los valores esenciales del hombre, en modelos económicos concentradores, en procesos tecnológicos degradantes y en la subordinación de la dimensión ambiental a otros intereses de los Estados nacionales.

[...] De acuerdo a este contexto, nos hemos centrado en enfocar el estudio de las reformas educacionales en los países que comprenden el Conosur de América, en este caso, de Chile, Argentina y Uruguay , dado que no sólo presentan las similitudes ya mencionadas en cuanto a las directrices provenientes de referentes comunes y a períodos históricos que se reparten entre un aún vigente proceso de democratización y las precedentes dictaduras militares, sino también porque, precisamente, fue en esta región en donde se aplicaron estrategias de represión sostenidas y organizadas por el conjunto de las fuerzas armadas de cada uno de estos países y que fueron avaladas por los grupos de elites respectivos, para finalmente impulsar una nueva configuración de la economía, administración y cultura de estas naciones.

Made available in DSpace on 2008-05-13T13:16:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1481.pdf: 272498 bytes, checksum: 2d79d7fbff8ff177c4e64c9c3bc47340 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-06-18 / The study aims to assess the empirical adherence of the permanent income theory and the consumption smoothing view in Latin America. Two present value models are considered, one describing household behavior and the other open economy macroeconomics. Following the methodology developed in Campbell and Schiller (1987), Bivariate Vector Autoregressions are estimated for the saving ratio and the real growth rate of income concerning the household behavior model and for the current account and the change in national cash ‡ow regarding the open economy model. The countries in the sample are considered separately in the estimation process (individual system estimation) as well as jointly (joint system estimation). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SURE) estimates of the coe¢cients are generated. Wald Tests are then conducted to verify if the VAR coe¢cient estimates are in conformity with those predicted by the theory. While the empirical results are sensitive to the estimation method and discount factors used, there is only weak evidence in favor of the permanent income theory and consumption smoothing view in the group of countries analyzed.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T21:00:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 rodrigolibermanturma2004.pdf.jpg: 16096 bytes, checksum: 7e2a42cebcb70cf37884e9eea99d7215 (MD5) rodrigolibermanturma2004.pdf: 1250896 bytes, checksum: 3aaec89c3c6205511195893e83970bc4 (MD5) rodrigolibermanturma2004.pdf.txt: 165209 bytes, checksum: 163707cb430a33177465acc2400b5782 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-14T00:00:00Z / The objective of this study, through the analysis of correlations, principal components and cointegration, is to discuss the relationship of the behavior of stock market indexes of seven Latin American countries, and their relationship with US and global stock market indexes, in the period between July 2001 and October 2006. This period presented a relative stability, with lower volatilities when compared to the frequent crises of the late 90’s. When analyzing the correlation matrix of the indexes or the Principal Component, both demonstrate the clustering of some indexes, pointing towards a common short-run, with highly correlated movements. However, the results obtained in this study, due to the lack of cointegration of several stock markets, suggest that in the long-run, investors can still gain with the diversification benefits. / Neste trabalho, através de estudos das correlações, análise de componentes principais e cointegração, é discutida a relação dos comportamentos de curto e longo prazos de índices de mercado de ações representativos de 7 países latino americanos e de suas relações com índices norte-americanos e com índices globais, no período entre Julho de 2001 e Outubro de 2006. Este período foi caracterizado por uma relativa tranqüilidade, se podemos assim classificar a menor volatilidade e tamanho dos retornos, quando comparado às freqüentes crises dos fins dos anos 90. Tanto a análise da matriz de correlação dos índices como dos Componentes Principais dos mesmos demonstra agrupamentos de alguns índices, indicando um comportamento similar de curto prazo destes índices ao longo do período estudado, com movimentos fortemente correlacionados. Contudo, os resultados obtidos neste estudo, dada a falta de cointegração de vários mercados acionários, sugerem que no longo prazo um investidor poderia ter mais proteção com a diversificação que inicialmente se poderia imaginar.

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