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When we talk about the females employment in different organization, it is till treated in different disciplines. There are some gaps linked to it which still need to be filled in order to give equal opportunities to females as well. Although, from the last few decades it is been said and noticed that the number of females are rising to the top which is a symbol of progressive social change. However, it is also been noticed that there is still gender inequality in top management positions which leads to under presentation of females in top management position. The society and the masculine man has developed some theories. Due to which, it is been said that female qualities do not contribute to the required management attributes. For instance, In order to have an executive role, a person must be more aggressive, competitive, more task oriented etc. but females always have the opposite qualities. For instance, interpersonal relations, emotional, collaborative etc. This paper is an effort that shows the obstacles that woman faces in order to reach top management positions. Moreover, I also tried to describe that the traditional leadership model is linked to the masculine stereotypes. Henceforth, I tried to explain that the new organizational culture requires also the feminine stereotypes (emotions, interpersonal relations, cooperation etc). So, one could say that the leadership is not just linked to the masculine stereotypes but it also requires more of feminine qualities as well. The empirical study involves the semi structured interviews from men and women on management positions and also general discussions with the public. Based on these interviews and discussions I tried to analyze if both male and female follow the gender stereotypes and if they have difference in leadership styles according to gender. Hence, companies should have a more diversity in their organization in order to have more flexibility in organizational culture.

The purpose of this study is focused on the relationship among the education marketing; the Principals¡¦ leadership styles and the Teachers¡¦ job involvement in the elementary Schools. The questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews were adopted in the study. The samples were come from 88 public elementary schools in Kaohsiung of the questionnaire survey. First of all, the 88 schools were categorized based on the level of their education marketing. Then, the top10 and the bottom 10 schools were selected for analysis in this study. 589 questionnaire surveys were sent to the above top 10 and the bottom 10 schools, and the 520 questionnaire surveys were received from them. The 489 of 520 surveys were valid data. The retrieve rate was 88.29% and the survey¡¦s valid rate was 83.02%. The investigated tools of this study are ¡§Questionnaire regarding the study of relationships amongst Education marketing, The Principals¡¦ Leadership Styles and The Teachers¡¦ Job Involvement in the Elementary Schools¡¨, which consisted four parts: ¡§basic information¡§, ¡§the attitude on education marketing ¡§, ¡§the teachers¡¦ job involvement¡§, and ¡§the principal¡¦s leadership ¡§, This study attempted to file the data yielded from the questionnaire with SPSS 10.0/PC, with mean, standard deviation, Person¡¦s Production-Moment Correlation ,t-testing, 1-Way ANOVA, analysis of variance, and stepwise multiple regressions are used as well. This study was used Semi-structured interviews for further investigation from the above top and bottom 10 schools. In addition, there were four types based on ¡§ schools¡¦ focusing level on eduaction marketing¡¨ and ¡§ principals¡¦ leadership style ¡§ in the above top and bottom 10 schools. Therefore, 8 teachers were selected from different types were interviewed for this study. The following results were derived: 1. Generally speaking, the attitude on education marketing, the principal¡¦s Leadership Styles and teachers¡¦ job involvement of elementary school teachers are good. 2. Based on the investigation of the attitude on education marketing , the principal¡¦s Leadership Styles and teachers¡¦ job involvement of elementary school teachers, the teachers of the bottom 10 schools were calculated higher score than that of the top 10 schools. 3. The teachers with senior age, personnel with master degrees or above, the teacher of seniority, department heads, or senior administrators showed better performance in the attitude of education marketing. 4. The teachers of seniority, department heads, senior administrators, and the bottom 10 schools showed better performance in the teachers¡¦ job involvement. 5. The teachers¡¦ job involvement could become higher if there were the lower education marketing, the better teachers¡¦ attitude on education marketing and the higher principal¡¦s transformational leadership. 6. The prediction of the principal¡¦s Leadership is the majority part of the prediction of the elementary school teachers¡¦ whole job involvement, Eventually, this study was concluded the valuable analyzed results and also provide the references for the elementary school principals, administrators in education, teachers of elementary school and the future investigation.

As the economics prospers and large scale of enterprise, the concerned government authorities, enterprise and the public investors need quality accounting information to make decisions. CPA firms play a vital role in the providing of most accounting information. And the auditor of CPA firms is a key factor to affect the quality of auditing. Some studies have found that high job satisfaction will strengthen organizational commitment and lower the intention to quit. And the auditors will have better job performance. Therefore, it is important for the CPA firms to promote the auditors¡¦ job satisfaction. In this study, leadership style is used as independent variable, perception of job characteristics as an intermediary variable, and job satisfaction as a dependent variable. Besides, this study uses one way anova, regression analysis and lisrel to testify the hypothesizes based on data collected from 122 auditors from five big CPA firms. The result are as follows¡G 1.Overall, some supportive results of this study illustrate the significant difference in perception of job characteristics and job satisfaction among diverse personal characteristics. 2.Leadership styles have made significant difference in perception of job characteristic and job satisfaction. Of the four leadership styles, auditors under high-consideration and high-initiating perceive greater extent of perception of job characteristics and job satisfaction than those who under ant other leadership styles. 3.The perception of job characteristics has direct positive impact on auditors¡¦ job satisfaction. Especially the intrinsic satisfaction is influenced deeply by the perception of job autonomy and variety. 4.Leadership styles through the intermediary perception of job characteristics have indirect positive impacts on auditors¡¦ job satisfaction. According to the result above, this study suggests that the supervisor of accounting firms should put equal emphasis on consideration and initiating behaviors to enhance the auditors¡¦ perception of job characteristics. Therefore, the auditors will have more job satisfaction and better job performance.

Public health organisations of today are increasingly subject to the same market forces and competition as are private enterprises, and will inevitably have to go through the same transition towards a more professional leadership as they did a couple of decades ago. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the importance of the development of leadership competencies for leaders in professional bureaucracies, more specifically public health care organisations, and to find out if their members are prepared for the organisational change that is forcing its way to make these organisations more leadership efficient. An increasingly popular view is that there is a lot to be gained by encouraging leaders to either participate in a local leadership education program or to take a university course in leadership and administration. If clinician-leaders are to take an active part in forming their future, they will have to take leadership seriously and come to terms with the idea that leadership education is necessary in addition to academic merits.

This study investigated the following: “Leadership styles of senior librarians in the City of Cape Town”. Stueart and Moran (1998) state that despite the vast amount of knowledge, training and focus on management, little is known about how to lead efficiently and effectively. The motivation behind this study originated from the assumption that determining the different leadership styles of senior librarians could contribute to a more effective public library service. If senior librarians were made aware of particular outcomes prompted by certain behaviour, they would be empowered to evaluate their leadership styles and adapt them in a more effective way, which could in turn lead to a more effective public library service. Empirical research techniques were used to apply both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Riggs (2001:6) states that librarians need to understand the difference between management and leadership. If senior librarians understand this difference, they will be able to lead more effectively. Hence, this study focused on transformational leadership, a leadership style which looks at the bigger picture, questions the status quo and focuses on improving services (Riggs, 2001:14). This study aimed to answer the following research questions: What are library managers’ job histories, educational qualifications and historical backgrounds? What are their beliefs about leadership, and how do they view their roles as leaders? Are they emulating a predecessor or leader whom they admire? Do they consciously consider their behaviour, actions and the consequences of their behaviour? In other words, do they apply strategies when they lead? Do managers inspire, motivate and communicate with their staff? Data were collected by means of a questionnaire administered to senior librarians and staff, which allowed the researcher to explore issues not previously thought of or planned for, and this provided valuable new insight into the problem. The results of this study affirmed that this research could contribute to an awareness of leadership in public libraries, and not only concentrate on management, as this could result in organisations becoming too task-driven, with the associated risk of the destination becoming more important than the journey itself. / Magister Bibliothecologiae - MBibl

The aim of this study was to evaluate if there was a connection between performance management and customers service within retail branches in Gauteng. In the service industry service is the key component of retaining customers and gives the competitive edge over their rivals. A thorough literature study was conducted by using the views of different authors and combining them. The concept of service delivery was defined and discussed looking at the various components of service. Further to this the concept performance management was defined. Based on the literature study it was found that there is a large human component in service delivery and the perception of the customer in terms of that service delivery. “Knowledge where value resides and what constitutes customer value from the standpoint of the customer has been very critical in the strategies of firms in all industries and elsewhere (Day, 1990. Mckenna, 1991. Ibidunni, 2004). Ensuring that individual values and goals are aligned to the organisation and that each is driving the same strategies becomes fundamental to their success. PM can be used as a tool to align these strategies and to strive towards one goal, retaining the customer through exceptional service delivery and ensuring that the brand talks to one standard service delivery throughout all of its channels. Conclusions regarding the findings of the research were presented and recommendations were made. It is important to note that these recommendations are guidelines that correlates directly to the empirical analysis made. The research study was evaluated against the primary and secondary objectives with the correlation that both were achieved. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate if there was a connection between performance management and customers service within retail branches in Gauteng. In the service industry service is the key component of retaining customers and gives the competitive edge over their rivals. A thorough literature study was conducted by using the views of different authors and combining them. The concept of service delivery was defined and discussed looking at the various components of service. Further to this the concept performance management was defined. Based on the literature study it was found that there is a large human component in service delivery and the perception of the customer in terms of that service delivery. “Knowledge where value resides and what constitutes customer value from the standpoint of the customer has been very critical in the strategies of firms in all industries and elsewhere (Day, 1990. Mckenna, 1991. Ibidunni, 2004). Ensuring that individual values and goals are aligned to the organisation and that each is driving the same strategies becomes fundamental to their success. PM can be used as a tool to align these strategies and to strive towards one goal, retaining the customer through exceptional service delivery and ensuring that the brand talks to one standard service delivery throughout all of its channels. Conclusions regarding the findings of the research were presented and recommendations were made. It is important to note that these recommendations are guidelines that correlates directly to the empirical analysis made. The research study was evaluated against the primary and secondary objectives with the correlation that both were achieved. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

To lead is to communicate, a main part of the leadership. 80 % of leaders working tasks involve communication of some kind. The ambition of this study is to analyze how four leaders of an international technique consulting company experience and handle community and technical development during their professional courses. The leaders have a various experience of leadership which adds depth and width to this study. To perform the study qualitative method has been used in the form of personal interviews. The result indicates that change is not always beneficial in every aspect of communication. To manage the quantity of information and communication we must learn how to sort. However these communication channels are an important part of being able to connect within and without the organization. When and how to use them are keywords in order to being able to cope with the flow of information.

<p>When we talk about the females employment in different organization, it is till treated in different disciplines. There are some gaps linked to it which still need to be filled in order to give equal opportunities to females as well. Although, from the last few decades it is been said and noticed that the number of females are rising to the top which is a symbol of progressive social change. However, it is also been noticed that there is still gender inequality in top management positions which leads to under presentation of females in top management position.</p><p>The society and the masculine man has developed some theories. Due to which, it is been said that female qualities do not contribute to the required management attributes. For instance, In order to have an executive role, a person must be more aggressive, competitive, more task oriented etc. but females always have the opposite qualities. For instance, interpersonal relations, emotional, collaborative etc.</p><p>This paper is an effort that shows the obstacles that woman faces in order to reach top management positions. Moreover, I also tried to describe that the traditional leadership model is linked to the masculine stereotypes. Henceforth, I tried to explain that the new organizational culture requires also the feminine stereotypes (emotions, interpersonal relations, cooperation etc). So, one could say that the leadership is not just linked to the masculine stereotypes but it also requires more of feminine qualities as well.</p><p>The empirical study involves the semi structured interviews from men and women on management positions and also general discussions with the public. Based on these interviews and discussions I tried to analyze if both male and female follow the gender stereotypes and if they have difference in leadership styles according to gender.</p><p>Hence, companies should have a more diversity in their organization in order to have more flexibility in organizational culture.</p>