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EFFICIENT & SUSTAINABLE RECYCLING PROCESSES : Support for decision-making towards improved efficiency and sustainability performanceGullberg, Rebecka, Karlsson, Rebecka January 2021 (has links)
Background With large amounts of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the waste streams, recycling of PVC and more sustainable processes have become increasingly important. The sustainable development of processes has received a lot of attention in the last decades because of the increasing environmental threat. It is also important to be efficient in order to stay competitive in the market. Traditional methods for improving efficiency like lean disregards the sustainable aspect. Green methods focus on environmental impact and omit efficiency. The concept of lean and green enables and ensures the integration of efficiency and sustainability. Firms need to improve their efficiency without sacrificing sustainability and environmental impact as a consequence of becoming more competitive. Therefore, there is a great need of support for decision-making regarding efficiency and sustainability. Objectives The objective of this thesis is to provide support for decision-making in recycling environments where the focus is to improve efficiency and sustainability performances simultaneously. This thesis aims to increase the knowledge regarding integration of efficiency and sustainability as support for decision-making. Methodology A model based on the concept of lean and green was developed with commonly used indicators to evaluate efficiency and sustainability. To examine the applicability of the model, a case study was conducted at a company on a PVC recycling process. Data was collected at the company to create different scenarios based on lean and green practices, which were analyzed using discrete event simulation. These scenarios were then evaluated through the model in order to improve efficiency and sustainability. Results The result showed a reduction in lead time of 55.99%. An increase in throughput and carbon dioxide savings of 30 970.85% respectively were depict due to the upscaling. An increase of 2 252.92% in total cost is needed for investment. An increase in water consumption of 7 584.89% and energy consumption of 1 733.71% was denoted as a consequence of the upscaling. Trade-offs between and within efficiency and sustainability were reviled. Conclusions The study presented a model which can be used as support for decision-making for recycling processes which integrates efficiency and sustainability. Efficiency and sustainability are integrated through the application of the concept lean and green. The model supports decision-making by clearly visualize and compare effects, trade-offs and consequences through several key performance indicators evaluating efficiency and sustainability on a PVC recycling process based on lean and green implementations. By comparing the different key performance indicators, the business can improve their performance. / Bakgrund Med stora mängder avfall bestående av polyvinylklorid (PVC) har återvinning av PVC och hållbara processer blivit allt mer viktiga. Hållbar processutveckling har fått ökad uppmärksamhet det senaste decenniet på grund av ett ökande miljöhot. Samtidigt är det lika viktigt att vara effektiv för att bibehålla konkurrensfördelar på marknaden. Traditionella metoder för att förbättra effektivitet som lean utesluter hållbarhets aspekter. Green metoder fokuserar på miljöpåverkan och bortser från effektivitet. Konceptet av lean och green möjliggör och försäkrar integrationen av effektivitet och hållbarhet. Företag måste förbättra sin effektivitet utan att uppoffra hållbarhet och miljöpåverkan som en konsekvens för att bli mer konkurrenskraftiga. Därför finns det ett stort behov av underlag för beslutsfattning som behandlar både effektivitet och hållbarhet. Syfte Syftet med studien är att tillhandahålla underlag för beslutsfattning inom återvinningsmiljöer med fokus på att förbättra effektivitet- och hållbarhetsprestationer simultant. Målet med studien är att öka kunskap om integrationen mellan effektivitet och hållbarhet som underlag för beslutsfattning. Metod En modell baserad på konceptet lean och green utvecklades genom användning av vanligt förekommande indikatorer för att utvärdera effektivitet och hållbarhet. För att undersöka applicerbarhet av modellen genomfördes en fallstudie på ett företag med en PVC återvinningsprocess. Data samlades in på ett företag för att skapa olika scenarion baserade på lean och greentillämpningar, vilka analyserades genom användning av diskret eventsimulering. Scenariona blev sedan utvärderade genom modellen för att se förbättringar av effektivitet och hållbarhet. Resultat Resultatet från fallstudien visar en minskning i ledtid på 55.99%. En ökning i genomströmning och koldioxid besparingar på 30 970.85% respektive påvisades på grund av upp skalningen. En ökning på 2 252.92% i total kostnad krävs för investering. En ökning i vattenkonsumtion på 7 584.89% och i energikonsumtion på 1 733.71% erhölls som en konsekvens av upp skalningen. Kompromisser både inom och mellan effektivitet och hållbarhet uppstod. Slutsatser Studien presenterar en modell som kan användas som underlag för beslutsfattning inom återvinningsprocesser vilken integrerar effektivitet och hållbarhet. Effektivitet och hållbarhet är integrerade genom applicering av konceptet lean och green. Modellen stödjer beslutsfattning genom att tydligt visualisera och jämföra effekter, kompromisser och konsekvenser genom flertalet nyckeltal som utvärderar effektivitet och hållbarhet av en PVC återvinningsprocess baserat på lean- och greenimplementeringar. Genom jämförelse av olika nyckeltal kan företag förbättra sin prestation.
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EXPLORING LEAN & GREEN INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) WIRELESS SENSORS FRAMEWORK FOR THE ADOPTION OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE PRACTICES AMONG INDIANA ROW-CROP PRODUCERSGaganpreet Singh Hundal (11798345) 03 January 2022 (has links)
<p>The
production of row crops in the Midwestern
(Indiana) region of the US has been facing environmental and economic
sustainability issues. There has been an increase in trend for the application
of fertilizers (Nitrogen & Phosphorus), farm machinery fuel costs and
decrease in labor productivity leading to non-optimized usage of farm-inputs. A
structured literature review describes Lean and Green practices such as
profitability (return on investments), operational cost reduction, hazardous
waste reduction, delivery performance and overall productivity might be adopted
in the context of Precision Agriculture practices (variable rate irrigation, variable
rate fertilization, cloud-based analytics, and telematics for farm-machinery
navigation). </p>
<p>The literature review describes low
adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) based precision agriculture practices,
such as variable rate fertilizer (39 %), variable rate pesticide (8%), variable
rate irrigation (4 %), cloud-based data analytics (21 %) and telematics (10 %)
amongst Midwestern row crop producers. Barriers for the adoption of IoT based Precision
Agriculture practices include cost effectiveness, power requirements,
communication range, data latency, data scalability, data storage, data
processing and data interoperability. Focused group interviews (n=3) with Subject
Matter Expertise (SME’s) (N=18) in IoT based Precision Agriculture practices were
conducted to understand and define decision-making variables related to
barriers. The content analysis and subsequent ISM model informed an action
research approach in the deployment of an IoT wireless sensor nodes for
performance improvement. The improvements resulted in variable cost reduction
by 94 %, power consumption cost reduction by 60 %, and improved data
interoperable and user-interactive IoT wireless sensor-based data pipeline for
improved adoption of Precision Agriculture practices. A relationship analysis
of performance data (n=2505) from the IoT sensor deployment empirically
validated the ISM model and explained the variation in power consumption for
mitigation of IoT adoption among producers. The scope of future research for
predicting IoT power consumption, based upon the growing season through
correlation was developed in this study.
</p>
<p>The implications of this research
inform adopters (row-crop producers), researchers and precision agriculture
practitioners that a Lean and Green framework is driven substantively by cost and power concerns in an IoT
sensors-based precision agriculture solution.
</p>
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