Th. 3e cycle--Lett.--Brest, 1981.

Ph.D.--Royal Holloway, University of London, 2003. / Bibliogr. p. 296-329. Index.

No description available.

O tema do sagrado é central na antropologia desde a sua origem. Esta pesquisa propõe o enfrentamento da noção através das lentes de Georges Bataille (1897-1962) e Michel Leiris (1901-1990) na França dos anos 1930, tendo em vista o cruzamento de suas experiências intelectuais e de suas formulações teóricas. Toma-se como ponto de partida para a análise a \'sociologia sagrada\' por eles anunciada no Collège de Sociologie (1937-1939), que reclama o sagrado em dupla articulação: ao mesmo tempo que conceito explicativo ele funciona também como uma prática, uma maneira de ver e também de agir sobre o mundo. Em meio aos debates da época empreendidos pela intelectualidade e os movimentos de vanguarda sobre as possíveis formas da ação política, tendo em vista sua ligação com a arte, o sagrado aparece nos trabalhos de Bataille e Leiris como uma alternativa surpreendente. O intuito é rever uma tradição de debates em torno do conceito a partir das formulações radicais e originais destes autores, indicando como se relacionam, cada qual à sua maneira, com a teoria social precedente. / The sacred has been a central subject of anthropological investigations since its origins. This research proposes an approach to the concept through the eyes of George Bataille (1897-1962) and Michel Leiris (1901-1990) in 1930s France, having in sight the crossing of their intellectual experiences and their theoretical formulations. We assume the sacred sociology, proposed by both authors during the years of the Collège de Sociologie (1937-1939), as a starting point to claim the use of the sacred in a double framing: functioning as an explanatory concept, it would also work as a praxis, a way of seeing and acting upon the world. Amid the debates of the time, undertook by intellectuals and the avant-garde movements about the possible paths of political actions and its connections with art forms, the sacred appears in the works of Bataille and Leiris as a striking alternative. The goal is to retrace a tradition of debates involving the concept through both authors formulations at the same time radical and original , showing how they relate, each in their own way, with the former social theory.

L’émergence de l’Afrique dans l’œuvre de Michel Leiris témoigne de sa volonté de connaître l’autre et de se réévaluer par la rencontre de l’autre. Leiris sillonne l’Afrique d’Ouest en Est au cours de la mission Dakar/Djibouti de 1931 à 1933 en tant que secrétaire archiviste de la mission ethnographique et linguistique dirigée par Marcel Griaule. Cette mission est une occasion pour Leiris de rentrer en contact aves les Africains et de s’éloigner pour un moment de l’Europe. Le séjour à Sanga, lui permet de pénétrer dans l’univers sacré des Dogon et d’analyser la symbolique des masques. De même son séjour en Abyssinie le met en contact avec les possédés et les génies zar. L’Éthiopie est le dernier pays visité par Leiris et le pays qui le marque le plus fortement. Les Noirs ne font aucune différence entre Leiris et les autres colons blancs à cette époque de la colonisation. De son contact avec l’Afrique naissent plusieurs ouvrages dont L’Afrique fantôme et La Langue secrète des Dogon de Sanga. Leiris espère par son voyage en Afrique trouver une thérapie à ses maux. Dans cette vaste entreprise, il verra se briser au contact des Africains le mythe du voyage régénérateur et ne parviendra pas à se défaire de ses obsessions. L’Afrique fantôme apporte un témoignage sur la position ambiguë de l’ethnologie de cette époque. En toute objectivité, il essaie de tout dire sur lui et sur ce qu’il ressent en Afrique. Il fait de l’altérité sa principale préoccupation ; de l’Afrique aux Antilles, il s’intéresse aux cultures des Noirs tout en ayant souvent un avis critique à leur egard. Il devient l’ethnologue de lui-même, interrogeant le monde à partir de l’échantillon de catégorie humaine qu’il est, se faisant témoin extérieur, en quelque sorte, de ce qui se déroule en lui et autour de lui. L’Afrique reste un fantôme pour Leiris à l’image d’Emawayish, la Gondarienne d’Éthiopie dont il tombe amoureux pendant son séjour en Abyssinie. / The emergence of Africa in the work of Michel Leiris testifies his willingness to know the other and at the same time to re-evaluate his own self through the encounter with the other. Leiris travels through Africa from the west to the east during the Dakar/Djibouti mission from 1931 to 1933 as the recording archivist of the ethnographic and linguistic mission headed by Marcel Griaule. This mission becomes an occasion for Leiris to get in touch with Africans and to be away from Europe for a moment. His stay in Sanga allows him to enter the sacred universe of Dogon people and to analyse the significance of the masks. As far as that goes, his stay in Abyssinia also gives him the opportunity to be in direct contact with the possessed people and the Zar spirits. Ethiopia is the last country visited by Leiris and it is the country which touches him the most. Blacks do not make any difference between Leiris and the other white colonialists during this particular period of colonisation. His encounter with Africa gives birth to several pieces of work such as Ghost Africa and The Secret Language of Sanga’s Dogons. Leiris hopes that his travel to Africa will help him find a therapy to his problems. In this vast enterprise, he will see the myth of a regenerative travel broken and will not be able to get rid of his obsessions. Ghost Africa is a testimony on the ambiguous position of ethnology of this particular period. Objectively; he tries to say everything on his own self and on what he feels while in Africa. The other becomes his main concern, from Africa to the West Indies; he is interested in the cultures of the black people with often a critical comment on them. He becomes ethnologist himself, questioning the world from the sample of human category that he is, as an external witness somehow, of what is happening in his own self and around him. Africa remains a ghost for Leiris because of the image of Emawayish, the Gondarian of Ethiopia with whom he falls in love during his stay in Abyssinia.

O tema do sagrado é central na antropologia desde a sua origem. Esta pesquisa propõe o enfrentamento da noção através das lentes de Georges Bataille (1897-1962) e Michel Leiris (1901-1990) na França dos anos 1930, tendo em vista o cruzamento de suas experiências intelectuais e de suas formulações teóricas. Toma-se como ponto de partida para a análise a \'sociologia sagrada\' por eles anunciada no Collège de Sociologie (1937-1939), que reclama o sagrado em dupla articulação: ao mesmo tempo que conceito explicativo ele funciona também como uma prática, uma maneira de ver e também de agir sobre o mundo. Em meio aos debates da época empreendidos pela intelectualidade e os movimentos de vanguarda sobre as possíveis formas da ação política, tendo em vista sua ligação com a arte, o sagrado aparece nos trabalhos de Bataille e Leiris como uma alternativa surpreendente. O intuito é rever uma tradição de debates em torno do conceito a partir das formulações radicais e originais destes autores, indicando como se relacionam, cada qual à sua maneira, com a teoria social precedente. / The sacred has been a central subject of anthropological investigations since its origins. This research proposes an approach to the concept through the eyes of George Bataille (1897-1962) and Michel Leiris (1901-1990) in 1930s France, having in sight the crossing of their intellectual experiences and their theoretical formulations. We assume the sacred sociology, proposed by both authors during the years of the Collège de Sociologie (1937-1939), as a starting point to claim the use of the sacred in a double framing: functioning as an explanatory concept, it would also work as a praxis, a way of seeing and acting upon the world. Amid the debates of the time, undertook by intellectuals and the avant-garde movements about the possible paths of political actions and its connections with art forms, the sacred appears in the works of Bataille and Leiris as a striking alternative. The goal is to retrace a tradition of debates involving the concept through both authors formulations at the same time radical and original , showing how they relate, each in their own way, with the former social theory.

No description available.

No description available.

Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2004

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 242-254).