Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Marcio_Klug_da_Cruz.pdf: 2303507 bytes, checksum: 0c9ba7ada6929a20db9ac2db96817b28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-22 / The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcome of teeth submitted to odontoplasty during clinical crown lengthening surgery (CCLS), when compared to their contralateral non-operated teeth. Fourteen patients submitted to odontoplasty during CCLS were evaluated according to plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and final restoration outcome (total success, relative success and failure). The mean follow-up period was 14.28 ( 7.72) months, and ranged from 6 to 24 months. Total success of the final rehabilitation was observed for all cases and no differences, regarding periodontal parameters, were observed between operated and contralateral non-operated teeth. It can be concluded that odontoplasty during CCLS is a feasible procedure that does not affect periodontal health and the long-term prognosis of restorative procedures / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar retrospectivamente o resultado clínico de dentes submetidos à odontoplastia durante cirurgia de aumento de coroa clínica (CACC), comparando-os a seus respectivos dentes contralaterais não operados. Quatorze pacientes submetidos à odontoplastia durante CACC foram avaliados segundo os seguintes parâmetros: índice de placa, sangramento à sondagem, profundidade de sondagem e resultado final da restauração (sucesso total, sucesso relativo e fracasso). O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 14,28 ( 7,72) meses, variando de 6 a 24 meses. Todas as reabilitações obtiveram sucesso e não foram observadas diferenças entre os dentes operados e não-operados em relação aos parâmetros periodontais. Pode-se concluir que a odontoplastia durante as CACC é um procedimento viável que não afeta a saúde periodontal e o prognóstico em longo prazo dos procedimentos restauradores

In previous publications [1,7] the author described the base rivalry in monotonous DNA sequences and their effect on the DNA repair mechanism. According to this theory, many base building blocks compete for the occupancy of the newly released base site in the replication of monotonous DNA sequences in the elongation phase. This gives them more and more kinetic energy from replication position k to next position. Thus, there is a probability that a tautomeric base pair is formed behind the end of the monotonic sequence because of the tunneling effect. After its replication a different, irreparable base pair develops from the tautomeric base pair, when the rivalry - energy leads to a very strong hydrogen bond. This happens, however, by chance. In the following, we will describe the 3 phenomena: The tunnel probability (section 2), the probability for coming up of a high – energy – base building block (Elitist, section 3),and the combination of both phenomena (section 4). The result of these calculations is the equation (28). It is remarkable that follows from these calculations that the length of the monotonous sequences, and also the length of DNA increases itself in the course of evolution (section 5). (Read up all detailed computations in [7].) [... from introduction]

In previous publications [1,7] the author described the base rivalry in monotonous DNA sequences and their effect on the DNA repair mechanism. According to this theory, many base building blocks compete for the occupancy of the newly released base site in the replication of monotonous DNA sequences in the elongation phase. This gives them more and more kinetic energy from replication position to next position. Thus, there is a probability that a tautomeric base pair is formed behind the end of the monotonic sequence because of the tunneling effect. After its replication a different, irreparable base pair develops from the tautomeric base pair, when the rivalry - energy leads to a very strong hydrogen bond. This happens, however, by chance. In the following, we will describe the 3 phenomena: The tunnel probability (section 2), the probability for coming up of a high – energy – base building block (Elitist, section 3),and the combination of both phenomena (section 4). The result of these calculations is the equation (28). It is remarkable that follows from these calculations that the length of the monotonous sequences, and also the length of DNA increases itself in the course of evolution (section 5). (Read up all detailed computations in [7].) [... from introduction]

In a process called 'base rivalry', irreparable mutations are provoked in the replication of monotonous sequences, which depend on the cell temperature, the cell viscosity and monotonous sequence length. This explains the very long monotonous sequences and very long DNAs that occur over long evolutionary epochs. Presumably, base rivalry (with tautomerism or too low cell viscosity) also provokes the formation of tumors and the emergence of dangerous viral mutations.

The purpose of this work was to analyze the biomechanics of degeneration, damage, and failure in biological soft tissues both experimentally and computationally to provide insight into tendon or ligament tearing, tendo-achilles lengthening and lumbar spine dysfunction. For soft tissue tearing, experimental studies for calculating fracture toughness were performed and determined that tendons and ligaments are able to completely resist tear propagation. For tendo-achilles lengthening, a damage model was developed to mimic the behavior of the lengthening that occurs as a result of the percutaneous triple hemisection technique. The model provided insight for predicting the amount of lengthening that occurs during the procedure. For lumbar spine dysfunction, a finite element model was validated against experimental testing and simulated using boundary conditions representing physiological loading. The model was able to predict how biomechanical changes can lead to pain and how the prevalence of Schmorl's nodes can be predicted. For each of the situations, the best verification and validation methods were selected and are presented throughout the research to demonstrate the predictive capabilities and limitations of the work. Results of these studies are presented along with how those results influence the clinical endeavors associated with the degeneration, damage and failure of soft tissues.

Telomere dysfunction is a significant source of genomic instability and contributes to the development of cancer. The multi-protein complex shelterin binds telomeric DNA to mitigate telomere dysfunction and ensure overall telomere stability. In addition to shelterin, the telomeric cap includes the telomeric repeat-containing RNA, TERRA, which associates with telomeric proteins and the telomeric DNA itself, often forming RNA:DNA hybrids or R-loops. TERRA is most abundant in cancer cells that utilize the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway, where it has been suggested that TERRA R-loops act as a source of replication stress at telomeric DNA that ultimately contributes to the activation of the ALT mechanism. In an effort to evaluate the effect TERRA may have on the emergence of the ALT phenotype, we sought to identify the enzyme(s) that regulate TERRA degradation in mammalian cells. Here, we leveraged an auxin-inducible degron (AID) system to identify the 5’-3’ exoribonuclease XRN2 as a direct modulator of TERRA stability in mammalian cells. Following XRN2 depletion, we demonstrate a significant increase in TERRA on chromatin in both non-ALT and ALT-positive cell lines. While the stabilization of TERRA on chromatin alone was insufficient to drive replication stress and activation of ALT in telomerase cells, depletion of XRN2 in the ALT-positive context led to a significant increase in R-loops and DNA damage signaling at telomeric DNA. Thus, increased TERRA stability alone is unlikely to activate ALT but may instead exacerbate ALT activity. Taken together, we demonstrate that XRN2 regulates TERRA stability, that defects in TERRA metabolism can alter telomere stability, and dysfunction in both factors drive telomere dysfunction in cells that rely on the ALT pathway. / 2024-08-12T00:00:00Z

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Words in utterance-final positions are often pronounced more slowly than utterance-medial words, as previous studies on individual languages have shown. This paper provides a systematic cross-linguistic comparison of relative durations of final and penultimate words in utterances in terms of the degree to which such words are lengthened. The study uses time-aligned corpora from 10 genealogically, areally, and culturally diverse languages, including eight small, under-resourced, and mostly endangered languages, as well as English and Dutch. Clear effects of lengthening words at the end of utterances are found in all 10 languages, but the degrees of lengthening vary. Languages also differ in the relative durations of words that precede utterance-final words. In languages with on average short words in terms of number of segments, these penultimate words are also lengthened. This suggests that lengthening extends backwards beyond the final word in these languages, but not in languages with on average longer words. Such typological patterns highlight the importance of examining prosodic phenomena in diverse language samples beyond the small set of majority languages most commonly investigated so far.

BACKGROUND: Smile esthetics play a major role in the perception of a person’s attractiveness, as well as other social parameters. The study aim was to see if altering the gingival display of patients would affect perceptions of the aforementioned social parameters. METHODS: Smiling photographs were taken and then digitally altered so as to lengthen the teeth and reduce the amount of gingiva. These photographs were shown to a group of senior dental students, and a group of evaluators with no formal dental training. Groups were asked to rate each picture’s attractiveness, friendliness, trustworthiness, intelligence, and self-confidence. RESULTS: The digitally altered photographs were rated higher for all five social parameters than were their unaltered counterparts (p<0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of evaluators. CONCLUSIONS: Excessive gingival display positively affected how attractive a person’s smile is judged, and also how friendly, trustworthy, intelligent, and self-confident they are.