Leon Battista Alberti wrote with a sense of irony that separated his works from his humanist contemporaries and linked him to the tradition of fourteenth-century vernacular writers, particularly Petrarch and Boccaccio. His irony was characterized by his encouragement to look for virtue beneath appearances and his distrust of equating virtue with humanist learning.

Megginnis Arm of Lake Jackson in Tallahassee, Florida, has experienced rapid eutrophication as a result of development within the contributing area watershed. Bottom sediments were sampled for purposes of mapping, classifying and designating for removal. Sediment desiccation studies were performed to determine the percent of consolidation and sealing characteristics of the soils in the event of a lake drawdown. Restoration alternatives are presented and compared on the basis of field investigations, laboratory testing and analysis, and the desiccation study. Alternative methods are discussed with respect to the cost, the flexibility and the problems inherent in the different proposals. From the geometry of Megginnis Arm, and construction permit limitations, this study was limited to methods of restoration which include dredging, drawdown and excavation, drawdown and compaction, and drawdown with dredging. By comparing the costs, the practicality, and geotechnical investigation and the flexibility of alternative methods, it is concluded that the drawdown and excavation method is the alternative. The dredging and drawdown and dredging alternatives were determined to be uneconomical and risky. These methods are not recommended.

With significant research effort being directed towards designing lightweight cryptographic primitives, logical metrics such as gate count are extensively used in estimating their hardware quality. Specialized logic minimization tools have been built to make use of gate count as the primary optimization cost function. The first part of this thesis aims to investigate the effectiveness of such logical metrics in predicting hardware efficiency of corresponding circuits. Mapping a logical representation onto hardware depends on the standard cell technology used, and is driven by trade-offs between area, performance, and power. This work evaluates aforementioned parameters for circuits optimized for gate count, and compares them with a set of benchmark designs. Extensive analysis is performed over a wide range of frequencies at multiple levels of abstraction and system integration, to understand the different regions in the solution space where such logic minimization techniques are effective. A prototype System-on-Chip (SoC) is designed to benchmark the performance of these circuits on actual hardware. This SoC is built with an aim to include multiple other cryptographic blocks for analysis of their hardware efficiency. The second part of this thesis analyzes the overhead involved in integrating selected authenticated encryption ciphers onto an SoC, and explores different design alternatives for the same. Overall, this thesis is intended to serve as a comprehensive guideline on hardware factors that can be overlooked, but must be considered during logical-to-physical mapping and during the integration of standalone cryptographic blocks onto a complete system. / Master of Science / The proliferation of embedded smart devices for the Internet-of-Things necessitates a constant search for smaller and power-efficient hardware. The need to ensure security of such devices has been driving extensive research on lightweight cryptography, which focuses on minimizing the logic footprint of cryptographic hardware primitives. Different designs are optimized, evaluated, and compared based on the number of gates required to express them at a logical level of abstraction. The expectation is that circuits requiring fewer gates to represent their logic will be smaller and more efficient on hardware. However, converting a logical representation into a hardware circuit, known as “synthesis”, is not trivial. The logic is mapped to a “library” of hardware cells, and one of many possible solutions for a function is selected - a process driven by trade-offs between area, speed, and power consumption on hardware. Our work studies the impact of synthesis on logical circuits with minimized gate count. We evaluate the hardware quality of such circuits by comparing them with that of benchmark designs over a range of speeds. We wish to answer questions such as “At what speeds do logical metrics rightly predict area- and power-efficiency?”, and “What impact does this have after integrating cryptographic primitives onto a complete system?”. As part of this effort, we build a System-on-Chip in order to observe the efficiency of these circuits on actual hardware. This chip also includes recently developed ciphers for authenticated encryption. The second part of this thesis explores different ways of integrating these ciphers onto a system, to understand their effect on the ciphers’ compactness and performance. Our overarching aim is to provide a suitable reference on how synthesis and system integration affect the hardware quality of cryptographic blocks, for future research in this area.

xiii, 322 p. : col. ill. / Before Spain encountered the Americas, it first encountered the sea. This dissertation explores the roots of that encounter by examining perceptions of the sea in late medieval Castile-Leon reflected in art, literature, and law. It analyzes the changing attitudes of the Castilians towards the sea through an examination of its perceived place in their world, underscoring the complexity of Castilian attitudes toward the dangers and opportunities presented by the marine environment. Conceptual separation and union serve as the two foundational concepts employed for the analysis of evidence from each of the three genres under examination. Each genre highlights in various ways either the strong contrast drawn between land and sea or their seeming union conceptually. These complexities are manifest in a broad variety of sources, from collections of miracle tales to fifteenth century romances. Analysis of legal distinctions between land and sea reveal significant differences in perception regarding the nature of each environment and the rights and responsibilities of Castilians acting in either. Findings include that artistic sources reveal that a fearful attitude toward the sea accentuated by helplessness before its power dominated thirteenth century imagery, contrasting with the greater unity of land and sea reflected in miniatures from fifteenth century sources. A similar pattern of separation and union emerges in the literary evidence, where fear of the loss of agency when traveling at sea in early sources gives way to fifteenth century examples that praise its value. A comparison of the laws contained in the Siete Partidas with the late medieval records of the Cortes of Castile-Leon reveals that while the Castilian monarchs tended to consider the sea as firmly outside of their realm throughout the majority of the period of this study, strategic necessity led to an inexorable growth in the importance of the sea in the affairs of the kingdom generally. Together, the evidence supports the conclusion that by the mid-fourteenth century the view of the sea as other, typical of all early Castilian sources, gave way to a fifteenth century perspective that welcomed it in many respects, laying the foundation for the development of a great maritime empire. / Committee in charge: Lisa Wolverton, Chairperson; Robert Haskett, Member; David Luebke, Member; David Wacks, Outside Member

Orientador: Sílvia Maria Azevedo / Banca: Homero Freitas de Andrade / Banca: Maria Aparecida Junqueira / Banca: Luiz Roberto Velloso Cairo / Banca: Tânia Regina de Luca / Resumo: A presente tese tem por objetivo avaliar a concepção de arte dos escritores Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto (1881-1922) e Leon Tolstói (1828-1910) sob um viés comparatista, em busca das divergências e convergências entre ambos. Concepção de arte que apresentam nas respectivas obras, "O destino da literatura" e O que é Arte?. Os escritores desempenharam o papel de "semeador de idéias" e de "batedor do futuro" ao se posicionarem contrários aos "mandarins literários". Uma arte voltada para o social, aliás, uma literatura militante. Lima Barreto criou uma arte literária que rompeu com os moldes convencionais na virada do século XIX, que tinha como principais representantes: Machado de Assis, Rui Barbosa, Coelho Neto, entre outros; enquanto Leon Tolstói rompeu com a poética romântica e o realismo francês. Ambos foram, terminantemente, contrários à estética da arte pela arte. A referência aos escritores russos é constante na obra barretiana, até porque Lima Barreto jamais omitiu suas leituras. Desde o romance Vida e Morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá, o primeiro a ser escrito por Lima, é possível detectar a presença de Leon Tolstói. Presença essa que permeia todo o projeto literário de Lima Barreto e que se faz sentir através da posição que ambos assumem em relação a temas em comum, tais como: a Propriedade, a Igreja, o Estado, a educação da mulher, o serviço militar obrigatório, entre outros. Revelando assim, um eixo em comum: o ideário anarquista. Mas, principalmente, por refletirem sobre a função da literatura e o fazer literário. / Abstract: This dissertation was carried out to evaluate the conception of art found in the works of Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto (1881-1922) and Leo Tolstoi (1828 -1910) according to a comparative point-of-view, in order to find out agreements and disagreements between them. Conception of art found in their works "O destino da literatura" and "O que é Arte?". Both writers played the role of "sowers of ideas" and "beaters of the future" as they put up opposition to the so-called "literary mandarins". An art oriented to the social issue, that is, a militant literature. Lima Barreto created a literary art which broke off the ties with conventional models in the turn of the 19th century, whose main representatives were Machado de Assis, Rui Barbosa, Coelho Neto, among others; Leo Tolstoi, in his turn, broke off the ties with Romantic poetry and French Realism. Both were utterly opposed to the esthetics of art for art's sake. References to Russian writers are often found in Lima Barreto's works, since he never omitted his readings. As early as his first novel Vida e Morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá, one can notice Leo Tolstoi's influence. Influence which permeates all of his literary project and which is felt through the opposition both writers assume in connection with issues they have in common such as: Property, the Church, the State, women's education, obligatory military draft, among others. Thus, they showed the axis they had in common: the anarchist belief system. But, mainly, because they pondered over the function and the making of literature. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelomaiacaixetamelo_dissert.pdf: 1810009 bytes, checksum: 1014c04abf9e0627459b0eaa88a963d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-26 / The ileum is approximately the most distal three-fifths of the small intestine and is responsible for digestion and the absorption of foods. The diagnosis of diseases that affect this segment can be achieved by clinical evaluation and complementary examinations. Colonoscopy, not only allows macroscopical analysis, but also enables biopsies to be carried out for histological evaluation. Objective: The objective of this research was to study the terminal ileum of patients submitted to colonoscopy in respect to: 1) correlation of endoscopic and histological parameters; 2) compatibility between the initial histological results evaluation and a review of slides; 3) the chance of individuals with normal ileoscopy and abdominal pain and/or chronic diarrhea presenting with histological alterations. Casuistic and Method: Patients submitted to colonoscopy for varying reasons were prospectively studied. During this examination 47 (42.3%) male and 64 (57.7%) female patients, with ages ranging between 14 and 82 years old (mean 51.6 ? 15 years), were selected with the terminal ileum mucous smooth and without enanthema at endoscopic examinations. Biopsies of the ileal mucosa were obtained for these individuals with the slides being routinely examined during data collection and later reviewed. Results: The correlation between patients with normal xiii ileoscopy and histologically normal ileum was 34.2%. When patients with histologically normal ileum and mild ileitis were analyzed, the correlation was 99.1%. The agreement between the initial histological evaluation and review of slides in respect to normal ileum and mild or moderate ileitis according to the Kappa test was 0.10 (poor agreement). Considering the normal ileum together with mild ileitis and moderate ileitis Groups, the agreement was 0.21 (fair agreement). In patients with normal ileoscopy and abdominal pain and/or chronic diarrhea, the chance of presenting histological alterations by Odds Ratio calculation, was 2.5 times higher than for asymptomatic individuals or those with other symptoms. Conclusions: In patients with the terminal ileum mucosa smooth without enanthema, the correlation between endoscopic and histological findings was high. The concordance between the initial histological results evaluation and the review of slides was not good. The chance of individuals with normal ileoscopy and abdominal pain and/or chronic diarrhea, presenting histological alterations was greater than for asymptomatic individuals or those with other symptoms. / ?leo compreende cerca de 3/5 distais do intestino delgado, sendo respons?vel pela digest?o e absor??o de alimentos. O diagn?stico de doen?as que afetam esse segmento pode ser feito por meio de avalia??o cl?nica e exames complementares. A colonoscopia, al?m da possibilidade de an?lise macrosc?pica, permite realiza??o de bi?psias para avalia??o histol?gica. Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o ?leo terminal de pacientes submetidos ? colonoscopia considerando: 1) correla??o endosc?pica e histol?gica; 2) concord?ncia entre resultados da avalia??o histol?gica inicial e revis?o de l?minas; 3) chance de indiv?duos com ileoscopia normal, portadores de dor abdominal e ou diarr?ia cr?nica apresentarem altera??es histol?gicas. Casu?stica e M?todo: Foram estudados prospectivamente pacientes submetidos ? colonoscopia por diversas indica??es. Durante esse exame foram selecionados 111 pacientes, sendo 47 (42,3%) do sexo masculino e 64 (57,7%) do feminino, com idade entre 14 e 82 anos (51,6 ? 15 anos), que apresentaram ao exame endosc?pico do ?leo terminal mucosa lisa, sem enantema. Foram realizadas bi?psias da mucosa ileal nesses indiv?duos, sendo as l?minas examinadas rotineiramente durante coleta de dados e revisadas posteriormente. Resultados: A correla??o entre pacientes com ileoscopia normal e ?leo histologicamente normal foi 34,2%. Quando a somat?ria dos pacientes com xi ?leo histologicamente normal e ile?te leve foi analisada, constatou-se correla??o de 99,1%. A concord?ncia entre avalia??o histol?gica inicial e revis?o de l?minas considerando-se ?leo normal, ile?te leve e ile?te moderada pelo teste de Kappa foi 0,10 (concord?ncia pobre). Considerando os grupos ?leo normal-ile?te leve e ile?te moderada, a concord?ncia foi 0,21 (concord?ncia razo?vel). Nos pacientes com ileoscopia normal, portadores de dor abdominal e ou diarr?ia cr?nica, a chance de apresentarem altera??es histol?gicas, pelo c?lculo da Odds Ratio, foi 2,5 vezes maior em rela??o ?queles assintom?ticos e ou com outros sintomas. Conclus?es: Nos pacientes com mucosa do ?leo terminal lisa, sem enantema, a correla??o entre achados endosc?picos e histol?gicos foi elevada. A concord?ncia entre resultados da avalia??o histol?gica inicial e revis?o de l?minas n?o foi satisfat?ria. A chance de indiv?duos com ileoscopia normal, portadores de dor abdominal e ou diarr?ia cr?nica, apresentarem altera??es histol?gicas foi maior em rela??o ?queles assintom?ticos e ou com outros sintomas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Reis Santos.pdf: 1237539 bytes, checksum: da4e85ce331fd1b1036e75241b331442 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-02 / Currently we have many tools to help us measure various quantities (distances, heights, weights, time, etc.). However, to use them, we do not realize what it means to measure. In other terms, such instruments, mostly, does not allow us to reflect on some questions related to the concepts of what is a measure. We understand that the process of measuring a part of human activity and its approach is of great importance. Although the context of quantities and measures will be widely discussed in the early years and in the final years of primary school II, does not always allow the teacher to reflect on what is measured, since this measure has content only in their mathematical and arithmetical character. Assuming that it is important to explore the measures and quantities in their meaning, we seek to discuss this work on the measurement of time by means of an analysis of the procedures described in the work Ludic Mathematics, produced by Leon Battista Alberti (1404 - 1472) in mid-fifteenth century. Modestly, we seek here to provide math teacher a history of mathematics of the fifteenth century, based on current historiographical trends, pointing to issues that are at stake in making the history of mathematics, presenting a story that is not based on grand narratives / Dispomos atualmente de muitos instrumentos para nos auxiliar a mensurar diversas grandezas (distâncias, alturas, pesos, tempo, entre outras). Entretanto, ao utilizá-los, não nos damos conta do que significa medir. Em outros termos, tais instrumentos, em sua maioria, não nos permite refletir sobre algumas questões ligadas às concepções do que é uma medida. Entendemos que o processo de medir faz parte da atividade humana e sua abordagem é de grande importância. Embora o conteúdo de grandezas e medidas seja amplamente abordado nos anos iniciais e nos anos finais do ensino fundamental II, nem sempre permite ao professor refletir sobre o que seja medir, visto que tal conteúdo apresenta a medida apenas em seu caráter matemático e aritmético. Partindo do pressuposto de que é importante explorar as medidas e as grandezas em seu significado, buscamos discorrer neste trabalho sobre a medida do tempo por meio de uma análise dos procedimentos descritos na obra Matemática Lúdica, produzida por Leon Battista Alberti (1404 1472) em meados do século XV. De forma modesta, buscamos aqui oferecer ao professor de matemática uma história da matemática do século XV, pautada em tendências historiográficas atuais, apontando para questões que estão em pauta no fazer da história da Matemática, apresentando uma história que não se baseia em grandes narrativas

Le Symbolisme de l’Apparition de Léon Bloy est l’embryon du reste de son œuvre. Les ombres de nos connaissances sur la genèse et l’écriture de ce texte rendent nécessaire un éclairage sur les facteurs historiques de ce projet inachevé et sur les influences reçues par l’auteur. La figure tutélaire de l’abbé Tardif de Moidrey exerce sur lui l’influence la plus importante, à côté de celle d’Ernest Hello et d’Anne-Marie Roulé. Une enquête historique permet de mettre en lumière les raisons de sa profonde emprise sur Bloy et les lignes directrices de sa pensée sur quelques thèmes majeurs : une vision généalogique de l’histoire, l’imaginaire médiéval, la réparation par le sacrifice et l’espérance du « retour » des Juifs et de l’accomplissement des prophéties. L’autorité de la Somme théologique de saint Thomas apporte à ces thèmes un fondement philosophique ; quant au culte de Marie, il en est le point d’aboutissement. Tardif a transmis à Bloy l’idée d’appliquer l’exégèse symbolique aux apparitions de la Vierge. Cette exégèse fait elle-même ici l’objet d’un éclairage historique, ainsi que la mariologie dont le Symbolisme de l’Apparition est le reflet et le prolongement. / Symbolism of the Apparition of Leon Bloy is at the origin of his whole work. The shadows of our knowledge about the genesis and the writing of this text require light on the historical factors of this unfinished project and the influences received by the author. The tutelary figure of father Tardif de Moidrey exerts on him the most important influence, in addition to Ernest Hello and Anne -Marie Roulé. A historical research helps to enlighten the reasons for his profound influence on Bloy and the guidelines of his thoughts on a few major themes : a genealogical view of history, the reference to the Middle Ages, the repair through sacrifice and the hope of the « return » of the Jews and of the fulfillment of the prophecies. The authority of the Summa Theologica brings to these themes a philosophical basis, and the cult of Mary gathers them all. Tardif has transmitted to Bloy the idea of applying the symbolic exegesis to the apparitions of the Virgin. This exegesis itself is interpreted in an historical perspective, as well as the Mariology, that Symbolism of the Apparition reflects and extends.

In 1971, Leon Sullivan, founder and chairman of the Board for the Opportunities Industrialization Centers of America, created the Career Intern Program. The purpose of the Program was to identify and help dropouts and potential dropouts from high school graduate and select and start a career. In order to accomplish these ambitious goals, Program leaders introduced a variety of educational innovations designed to help interns succeed where traditional educational methods had not. During the Career Intern Program's operational life, CIP leaders turned to the federal government for funding, and the National Institute of Education became CIP's primary funder from 1972 to 1976. This collaboration caused several programmatic changes that simultaneously challenged and improved the Program and its ability to fulfill its purposes. When the NIE period ended, the Department of Labor funded the CIP until 1981, after which the Program failed to find further funding and ceased operation. This thesis looks at the civil rights, urban, and economic roots of the Career Intern Program. By looking at these origins, this thesis seeks to derive the Program's original goals, and also by extension how the Program changed during its operational life, especially during the NIE period in Philadelphia. By looking at the Program, education will be identified as a part of the urban and civil rights historiographies, a topic which has largely been underdeveloped by historians of these topics. Also, the CIP-NIE period serves to shed light on private organization-federal agency collaboration during the post-War on Poverty era. Overall, this thesis hopes to contribute to an expanding historiography and help create a more comprehensive narrative of the post-World War II urban north.

Leon Battista Alberti's church of Sant' Andrea in Mantua has been closely studied by many Renaissance scholars in relation to its layout, dimensions, proportions, chronology, style and aesthetics, as well as earning its place in both Alberti's corpus and the sweep of Renaissance architecture. The thesis investigates how eloquence is embodied in the sequential repetition of the triumphal arch motif between inside and outside. This thesis it is based on extensive and critical review of historical and theoretical literature. It marks a close examination of Sant?Andrea and to lesser extent San Francesco in Rimini, revisiting key ideas, texts and words. The principal finding of the thesis is that Alberti?s concept of respondeo, as developed in De Re Aedificatoria is the key to understanding the triumphal arch motif and its repetition in the interior. The thesis also comprehensively outlines the variety of contexts in which repondeo can be understood. This term, correlated to the passing of time and to rhetorical-based Albertian terms as decorum and convenio, means a 'sensitive suitability' between parts. The analysis of the triumphal arch motif of Sant?Andrea suggests that formalism has played a more important role in Alberti's design for this church than previously believed. This is by the motif's rigorous outline changing between the interior nave and the exterior fa??ade according to the observer's different visual perceptions. The rhetorical structure of the triumphal arch, in the way that it moves became from two to three dimensions in the fa??ade, seeks familiarity with the city's surrounding environment to establish simultaneity of actions. In this way, by joining the historical-religious point of references to a strategy of perception, the triumphal arch achieves public consensus. This rhetorical program is addressed especially by the patron of the church of Sant' Andrea Ludovico Gonzaga II also the ruler of Mantua with popular aspects of his public representations.