Ce mémoire de thèse présente une étude de l’identification des candidats tau par différents algorithmes dans les collisions pp au LHC et impliquant différents processus physiques : électrofaibles, production de quarks top, SUSY et QCD. Les leptons tau sont identifiés géométriquement dans la voie de désintégration hadronique car les jets issus de ces désintégrations sont généralement plus étroits et mieux isolés que les jets QCD. Une discrimination supplémentaire est appliquée en exigeant la présence d’un des modes de désintégration hadronique dominants du tau contenant un ou trois pions chargés et jusqu’à deux pions neutres. Les jets QCD produits en très grande quantité dans les collisions proton-proton du LHC constituent une source de bruit de fond importante pour les analyses impliquant l’identification de leptons tau. L’analyse des jets QCD produits dans le LHC pour les études de mauvaise identification porte sur 36 pb−1 de données enregistrées par le détecteur CMS pendant l’année 2010. Les efficacités d’identification et les taux de mauvaise identification nous révèlent une forte dépendance en les caractéristiques de l’évènement étudié : les efficacités sont globalement plus basses dans les évènements présentant une activité hadronique importante comme les évènements SUSY et tt que dans les évènements QCD mous et électrofaibles. Les effets de l'environnement sur l’identification de tau sont paramétrés à l’aide de deux variables globales : somme(ET) et la multiplicité de hadrons chargés. Les efficacités chutent typiquement de 80% entre les multiplicités de hadrons les plus faibles et le plus fortes. / The work presented in this thesis deals with tau identified by different algorithms in pp collision at LHC and in various kind of physics processes : Electroweak, top quark production, SUSY and QCD. Tau leptons are geometrically identified in their hadronic decay mode because the jets coming from those decays are generally more collimated and isolated than QCD jets. An additional discrimination is applied in asking the presence of one of the dominant # decay modes containing one or three charged pions and up to two neutral pions. The QCD jets produced in large quantities in LHC proton-proton collisions constitute a large background source for analyses involving tau-ID. The analysis of QCD jets produced in LHC for fake-rate studies processed 36pb−1 of data registered during year 2010. Identification efficiencies and fake-rate distributions reveals a strong dependency on event type : distributions are globally lower in events having a large hadronic activity like SUSY and tt events than in electroweak and QCD events. The environment effects of the collision on the identification of tau leptons can be parameterized by two global variables : somme(ET) and charged hadron multiplicity. Efficiencies drop down by 80% between the lowest and the highest charged hadron multiplicities.

The decay B → K*l^+l^-, where the l^+l^- can be e^+e^- or μ^+μ^-, resulting from the b → s flavour changing neutral current decay is highly sensitive to the presence of new physics. The angular observables describing the K* polarisation (FL) and the forward backward asymmetry (AFB) are first measured in two regions of di-lepton mass squared using a dataset of 384 million BB pairs collected by the BaBar detector on the PEP-II rings at SLAC. A second measurement was made in four regions of di-lepton mass squared using a dataset of 468 million BB pairs.

This thesis describes a measurement of the Standard Model Higgs boson coupling to fermions in decays to two τ-leptons, a search for charged Higgs bosons in decays to a τ-lepton and a neutrino, as well as the reconstruction, identification and triggering of hadronically decaying τ-leptons. The data considered are collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The reconstruction and identification of hadronically decaying τ-leptons in the ATLAS experiment during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider are described, and the performance of the τ trigger is measured in events with top–antitop-quark pairs using data from 13 TeV proton–proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb-1, collected in 2015, and 11.5 fb-1, collected in 2016. Hadronically decaying τ-leptons are of importance to many physical processes involving Higgs bosons. The coupling of the Standard Model Higgs boson to fermions is measured in decays to two τ-leptons using 7 TeV data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb-1, collected in 2011, and 8 TeV data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb-1, collected in 2012. The signal strength is measured to be μ = 1.4, corresponding to an excess over the background-only model of 4.5σ. Charged Higgs bosons are searched for in decays to a τ-lepton and a neutrino, where the τ-lepton decays hadronically. 13 TeV data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 14.7 fb-1, collected in 2015 and 2016, are used. No excess over the Standard Model background is observed, and the 95 % confidence-level exclusion limits on σ(pp → [b]tH+) × (H+ → τν) are set to 2.0 pb–8 fb in the range 200–2000 GeV.

In this work the supersymmetric seesaw model and its effects on low-energy leptonic observables and thermal leptogenesis have been systematically investigated. Precision measurements will increase the sensitivity on lepton-flavor violating decays, particularly on Br(l_j->l_i gamma) and also on electric and magnetic dipole moments in the near future. In order to improve also the accuracy of theoretical predictions for these processes, we have performed a full one-loop calculation of the underlying supersymmetric processes taking into account the lepton masses. Since the mechanism of soft supersymmetry breaking (SSB) is completely unknown, a novel analysis beyond the often studied minimal Supergravity scenarios has been performed. This way it has been demonstrated that in the considered mSUGRA, AMSB, GMSB and gaugino mediated scenarios, the ongoing search for Br(mu->e gamma) can constrain fundamental SSB parameters and/or the seesaw parameters. On the other hand, the basic parameters of thermal leptogenesis, such as the CP asymmetry in the decays of the lightest right-handed Majorana neutrino, provide probes of the unknown complex orthogonal R-matrix of the seesaw model. / In dieser Arbeit wurde systematisch das supersymmetrische Seesaw Modell und seine Auswirkungen auf leptonische Niederenergieprozesse und thermische Leptogenese untersucht. Präzisionsmessungen werden die Messgenauigkeit in Leptonflavor verletzenden Zerfällen, insbesondere für Br(l_j->l_i gamma), sowie in elektrischen und magnetischen Dipolmomenten in naher Zukunft erhöhen. Um auch die Genauigkeit von theoretischen Vorhersagen für diese Prozesse zu steigern, wurde eine komplette Einschleifenrechnung der zugrundeliegenden supersymmetrischen Prozesse unter Berücksichtigung der Leptonmassen durchgeführt. Da der Mechanismus für "soft Supersymmetry Breaking" (SSB) unbekannt ist, wurde eine neue Studie angestellt, welche über die häufig untersuchten minimalen Supergravity Szenarien hinausgeht. Auf diese Weise konnte gezeigt werden, dass in den untersuchten Szenarien von mSUGRA, AMSB, GMSB und Gaugino Mediation die anhaltende Suche nach Br(mu->e gamma) fundamentale SSB Parameter und / oder die Seesaw Parameter einschränken kann. Auf der anderen Seite ist durch die grundlegenden Parameter von thermischer Leptogenese, wie beispielsweise die CP-Asymmetrie in den Zerfällen des leichtesten rechthändigen Majorana-Neutrinos, die Möglichkeit gegeben, die komplex-orthogonale R-Matrix des Seesaw Modells genauer zu untersuchen.

In this work, we studied in great detail how the unknown parameters of the SUSY seesaw model can be determined from measurements of observables at or below collider energies, namely rare flavor violating decays of leptons, slepton pair production processes at linear colliders and slepton mass differences. This is a challenging task as there is an intricate dependence of the observables on the unknown seesaw, light neutrino and mSUGRA parameters. In order to separate these different influences, we first considered two classes of seesaw models, namely quasi-degenerate and strongly hierarchical right-handed neutrinos. As a generalisation, we presented a method that can be used to reconstruct the high energy seesaw parameters, among them the heavy right-handed neutrino masses, from low energy observables alone. / In dieser Arbeit wurde detailliert untersucht wie die unbekannten Parameter des supersymmetrischen Seesaw-Modells durchMessung von niederenergetischen Observablen (Lepton-Flavor verletzende seltene Zerfälle der Leptonen, Slepton-Paar-Produktion an Elektron-Positron Linearbeschleunigern und Sleptonmassen-Differenzen) bestimmt werden können. Wegen des komplizierten Zusammenhangs zwischen diesen Messgrößen und den Seesaw-, Neutrino-, und SUSY-Parametern stellt dies eine große Herausforderung dar. Um die verschiedenen Einflüsse zu trennen, wurden zuerst zwei Klassen von Seesaw-Modellen betrachtet, nämlich solche die durch (quasi-)entartete und stark hierarchische rechtshändige Neutrinomassen charakterisiert sind. Zur Verallgemeinerung wurde zum Abschluss eine allgemeine Methode präsentiert, mittels der die zugrunde liegenden Hochenergie-Parameter des Seesaw-Modells allein durch niederenergetische Observable rekonstruiert werden können.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Physics, December 2000. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Hadronic collisions at the LHC at CERN probe particle interactions at the highest energy scale of any experiment to date. We present a research program measuring Rjet = &sigmaWBR(W&rarr&mu&nu) / (&sigmaZBR(Z&rarr&mu&mu)) as a function of a number of hadronic variables. The measurements are performed with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, using the 2011 data set, consisting of 4.64 fb-1 of pp collisions at a center of mass energy of 7 TeV. This measurement is a robust way to test the Standard Model and the modeling of perturbative QCD, and is sensitive to a wide variety of possible new physics in events with high jet ET, including some variations of Supersymmetry. By taking the ratio of W/Z production, a large number of systematic uncertainties cancel, including those associated with luminosity, jet energy scale and resolution, and many theoretical uncertainties. The measurement of Rjet is performed as a function of the pT and rapidity of the 1st-4th leading jet, ST, HT, and a number of dijet variables, including invariant mass and angular separations. The measurements are compared with NLO theoretical predictions from Blackhat+Sherpa, as well as using leading order simulations from Alpgen and Sherpa. Over most of the kinematic phase-space, there is good agreement between the data and theoretical predictions. There is a significant deviation for exactly one selected jet above 30 GeV, where Blackhat+Sherpa over-estimates the ratio Rjet by 12%.