The controversy surrounding the period 1928-1930, the period of Li Li-san's leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, is the central topic of this paper. The controversy itself is over what role the Comintern played in the formation of what is commonly referred to as the "Li Li-san line." The conclusions drawn in this paper show that, though the Comintern did play a small part in the formation of Li's policy, that, nevertheless, his line was of his own making. The disastrous attempt at urban insurrection in 1930 was of Li's own doing: he had been receiving signals for some time that his policies were contradictory to those of the Comintern. In order to give the reader a sense of how this leadership controversy and the policy differences arose, there is also a presentation of some of the background information regarding the labor movement and the CCP's role in it, and Li Li-san himself -his part in the labor movement and his own personality. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

This work deals with electrolytes and ionic liquids for Li-ion batteries. Following interaction of electrolytes and ionic liquids to electrodes material. In the theoretical part attention is focused on the description of battery electrolytes and ionic liquids for lithium-ion batteries.

This diploma thesis is concerned with topic of lithium-ion batteries recycling. In this document the particular methods containing commercial used recycling processes or only laboratory used processes are discussed. Because rising amount of spent Li-ion accumulators is necessary find proper methods to recycle this type of accumulators. Also legislation question of this issue is important. In practical part is described procedure and results performed recycling method.

We will introduce our approach to prepare and investigate thin film materials for application in all solid state batteries by using integrated UHV preparation facilities.

The present poster contribution aims at optimization of electrochemical properties of titania (N doped anatase TiO2 / N) and Li-Ti ternary oxides (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) with respect to their performance as anode materials in Li-ion battery by using mechanochemical effects.

Electrode microstructure directly affects ion and electron transport and, in turn, has a strong correlation to battery performance. Understanding the separate yet complementary effects of ionic and electronic transport in cell behavior is a challenge. This work provides through a combination of experiments and modeling a better understanding of the relationship between three aspects of the cell: ion transport within the electrode, electrode uniformity, and cell degradation. The first part of this work compares two experimental methods that determine ion transport in terms of tortuosity, a dimensionless geometric factor. The polarization-interrupt and blocking-electrolyte methods measure effective diffusivity and conductivity, respectively. The tortuosity of several commercial-quality electrodes was measured using both methods, producing reasonable agreement between the two methods in most cases. Next, the effect of cell cycling on ionic and electronic transport of electrodes was investigated. Using the blocking electrolyte method, the tortuosity of electrode films at varying extents of cycling was determined. Variations in electronic resistivity were quantified by micro-scale measurements using a previously developed micro-four-line probe. The changes in tortuosity and electronic resistivity were investigated for a graphite anode and several cathode chemistries including LiCoO2, LiNixCoyMnzO2, LiFePO4, and blends of transition metal oxides. Clear evidence of changes in tortuosity and electronic resistivity was observed during cell formation and cycling. The magnitude of the changes strongly depended on the chemistry of electrodes and cycling conditions. The results indicate that, under normal cycling conditions, electronic resistivity increases while tortuosity unexpectedly decreases. However, accelerated cycling conditions (i.e. elevated temperature) can lead to both electronic resistivity and tortuosity increase. Finally, the interplay of electrode tortuosity heterogeneity and Li-plating was investigated. The Li-plating reaction was incorporated into a Newman-type model and validated using the voltage profile and capacity-loss data from experiments. The simulation result shows that a heterogeneous anode can cause non-uniform Li plating while cathode heterogeneity did not have a significant effect. The Li-plating profile across the thickness of the anode with cell cycling showed that Li tends to plate at the high tortuosity region near the separator. Unexpectedly, Li plating tends to shift to the current collector side upon a sufficient increase in porosity close to the separator. Simulated capacity loss vs. cycling data indicates that there is a feedback mechanism with cycling: as cycling continues the rate of Li plating for the high-tortuosity region decreases at the separator side and the other two regions will eventually catch up in terms of plating.

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第24713号 / エネ博第456号 / 新制||エネ||85(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー基礎科学専攻 / (主査)教授 野平 俊之, 教授 萩原 理加, 教授 佐川 尚 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Les batteries lithium-ion s'affichent comme de bons candidats pour assurer le stockage réversible de l'énergie électrique sous forme électrochimique. Toutefois, elles sont à l'origine d'un certain nombre d'incidents aux conséquences plus ou moins dramatiques. Ces incidents sont souvent liés au phénomène d'emballement thermique. La sécurité des batteries Li-ion représente par conséquent un enjeu technique et sociétal très important. C'est dans ce contexte que vient s'inscrire ce travail de thèse dans le cadre d'une collaboration entre IFPEN, l'INERIS et le LISE. Une double approche de modélisation et expérimentation a été retenue. Un modèle 3D du comportement thermique a été développé à l'échelle de la cellule, couplant les phénomènes thermiques et chimiques, et prenant en compte le vieillissement par croissance de la SEI sur l'électrode négative. Le modèle a été calibré pour la chimie LFP/C sur deux technologies A123s (2,3 Ah) et LifeBatt (15 Ah), puis validé expérimentalement. Le modèle permet d'identifier les paramètres critiques d'emballement de cellules, il permet également de discuter l'effet du vieillissement sur l'emballement thermique. Grâce à l'expérimentation, les connaissances en termes d'amorçage et de déroulement d'un emballement thermique d'une batterie Li-ion, ont pu être enrichies, en particulier pour les cellules commerciales LFP/C cylindriques A123s, LifeBatt, et pour les cellules NMC/C prismatiques en sachet souple PurePower (30 Ah). Cette étude ouvre de nouvelles possibilités pour améliorer la prédiction des différents événements qui ont lieu lors de l'emballement thermique des batteries Li-ion, à différentes échelles. / Li-ion secondary batteries are currently the preferred solution to store energy since a decade for stationary applications or electrical traction. However, because of their safety issues, Li-ion batteries are still considered as a critical part. Thermal runaway has been identified as a major concern with Li-ion battery safety. In this context, IFPEN, INERIS and LISE launched a collaboration to promote a PhD thesis so called « understanding and modeling of thermal runaway events pertaining to new and aged Li-ion batteries ». To achieve this goal, a double approach with modeling and experimental investigation is used. A 3D thermal runaway model is developed at cell level, coupling thermal and chemical phenomena, and taking into account the growth of the SEI layer as main ageing mechanism on negative electrode. Advanced knowledge of cells thermal behavior in over-heated conditions is obtained particularly for commercial LFP / C cylindrical cells: A123s (2,3Ah), LifeBatt (15Ah), and NMC / C pouch cells: PurePower (30 Ah). The model was calibrated for LFP / C cells, and then it was validated with thermal abuse tests on A123s and LifeBatt cells. This model is helpful to study the influence of cell geometry, external conditions, and even ageing on the thermal runaway initiation and propagation. This study opens up new possibilities for improving the prediction of various events taking place during Li-ion batteries thermal runaway, at various scales for further practical applications for safety management of LIBs.