A key metric that affects Li-ion battery cell performance is the electronic conductivity of the electrode films. Previous research has found that the conductivity of electrodes is not homogeneous throughout the entirety of the deposited film area. To further characterize the non-homogeneity of the conductivity of electrode films, a micro-N-line probe and a micro-flex-line probe were developed to take micro-scale conductivity measurements of thin-film battery electrodes in a non-destructive manner. These devices have been validated by comparing test results to those of it's predecessor, the micro-four-line probe, on various commercial-quality Li-ion battery electrodes. Results show that there is significant variation in conductivity on a millimeter and even micrometer length scale throughout the electrode film. Compared to the micro-four-line probe, the micro-N-line probe and micro-flex-line probe perform six times as many measurement configurations made on contact with the electrode, while providing a more robust design. Design improvements on the micro-four-line probe in order to fabricate the micro-flex-line probe are the main focus of this thesis. Researchers and manufacturers can use this probe to identify heterogeneity in their electrodes during the fabrication process, which will lead to the development of better batteries.

本論文以李商隱與佛教因緣為研究中心，除了廣泛蒐集相關典籍之外， 並對佛教思想與義山情感的糾結，使徹底地釐清與分析。論文共分六章， 第一章緒論：概述本文的研究動機與方法，和各章節的大致內容。第二章 ：義山的生平：透過知人論世的方法，以確知其平生遭遇與作品及佛教間 的種種關係。第三章義山與佛教的結緣：由作品及各種文獻的分析，本文 將義山學佛分成三個階段：一、童幼的誦持經典；二、仕宦時期的以佛典 入詩；三、暮年時期的願為行者。第四章則透過一、引用佛典；二、結交 僧人；三、登臨佛寺三部分考察佛教與義山的關係。第五章是討論《樊南 文集》中的佛教思想，文章較詩歌作品自由，因此，在文章中常常較能揭 示出作者的心情與想法。本文所訂出的義山學佛年表，便是大部分依據文 集中的資料而來。第六章結論：對全文做總結，並將義山學佛以及相關的 佛教行為、佛教作品等以表格呈現。

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition of acetylene and used as templates to prepare CNT-Sb and CNT-SnSb₀.₅ nanocomposites via the chemical reduction of SnCl₂ and SbCl₃ precursors. SEM and TEM imagings show that the Sb and SnSb₀.₅ particles were uniformly dispersed in the CNT web and on the outside surface of CNTs. These CNT-metal composites are active anode materials for lithium ion batteries, showing improved cyclability compared to unsupported Sb and SnSb particles; and higher reversible specific capacities than CNTs. The improvement in cyclability may be attributed to the nanoscale dimensions of the metal particles and CNT’s role as a buffer in containing the mechanical stress arising from the volume changes in electrochemical lithium insertion and extraction reactions. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

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The report deals with energy conservation, mainly in the field of portable energy, which is asubject that today raises questions around the world. This report describes the design and theimplementation of a Battery Management System on the platform NI ELVIS II+ managed bythe software Labview. The first aim has been on finding information about the design of theBattery Management System that corresponds to the choice of the battery itself. The systemwas designed completely independent with different charging methods, simulations ofdischarge, and its own cell balancing, as a 3 cells battery pack was used. The battery chosenwas the lithium-ion technology that has the most promising battery chemistry and is the fastestgrowing. Several experimentations and simulations have been done, with and without cellbalancing that permited to highlight that the cell balancing is mandatory in a Batterymanagement System. Furthermore, a simulation of use of the battery in an Electrical Vehiclewas made, which can lead to conclude that the Lithium-Ion battery must be manageddifferently to be used in the application of an Electrical Vehicle.

Following the principle as caring PID (People In Need) actively, respecting the needs of PID and assisting PID who are elders, orphans and low income households with self-sufficiency, Social Assistance Program aims to ensure that their living standards are above the poverty line. However, officers (Li-clerks) and undertakers of social assistance section are indispensable to applications for social assistance because, in most cases, these public servants must be active to assist PID. The purpose of this study is to analyze how officers and undertakers of social assistance program perceive the Public Assistance Act and related social assistance laws and how they use discretionary behaviors on social assistance when facing applicants for low income households and encountering the problems which arise from the process of enforcements of social assistance policy. This study also intends to analyze how applicants for social assistance perceive the qualification check and whether or not the social assistance programs function effectively under the regulations of social assistance qualification system. Besides, this study chooses Chijin District in Kaohsiung city, where people receive relatively scarcer resources, to be the object of study and does in-depth interviews with officers, undertakers of social assistance programs and applicants for the qualification of low income households. Findings and suggestions come last. The main findings of this study are as follows, 1.The functional roles that officers and undertakers of social assistance section are supposed to do should be established. 2.Due to the qualification check under paper review, the assistance programs are unpractical. 3.The structure of administrative bureaucracy limits the access to social assistance services. 4.The regulations cannot regulate a changing society; the resilient discretional behavior can complement the ineffectiveness of regulations instead. 5.The social assistance resources from civil society could instantly assist PID, which could relieve the ineffectiveness of the qualification review system. 6.Assistances with subsidy in cash ignore the needs of each case. The following is the suggestions of this study, 1.Creating incentives as many as possible for PID being independent will help PID away from poverty. 2.The integration of governmental resources for social assistance and civil social assistance is important. 3.The regulation of social assistance should leave some spaces for appropriate discretion behaviors.

In recent years, the size of the sporting goods industry in mainland China is developing so rapidly that led many Chinese national sports brand to the market. Among them, the most representative brands, Li Ning and Anta, not only have outstanding performances in the Chinese market, but more gradually into the international sports market. But sporting goods industry as a mature market, especially under the domination of international brands such as NIKE and ADIDAS, it is very difficult for a new luxury brand to survive as a late-mover. In this research, based on New Business Model (Hamel, 2000) and Second-Mover Advantage Theory (Varadarajan et al, 1992), developing a structural model to discuss how could a new sporting goods brand succeed competing with existing brands and go international. Li Ning and Anta, two new China sproting brands, are taken as our study cases. Several important findings are as following: 1. The national character is the competitive advantage of the sporting goods company. Companies should integrate into the China element in the product, and also go to explore the spirit of China's unique culture. 2. Differentiation from competitors through brand positioning, to find their own niche markets. 3. Through continued sponsorship of international competition, the well-known players, not only can produce international visibility, and better able to establish its brand image. 4. China's overall environment provides the opportunity to develop sporting goods company. Key Words: Li Ning, Anta, Sporting Brands, Second-Mover, Competitive advantage

Polymer nanocomposites are used in a variety of applications due to their good mechanical properties. Specifically, better performance of lithium ion batteries and thermal interface material can be obtained by using conductive materials and polymer composites. In the case of lithium ion batteries, electrochemical properties of batteries can be improved by adding conductive additives and conducting polymer into the cathode. Several samples, to which different conductive additives and conducting polymer were added, were prepared and their electrical resistance and discharge capacity measured. In the thermal interface material case, also, thermal properties can be enhanced by polymer nanocomposites. In order to confirm the thermal conductivity enhancement, samples were synthesized using different filler, polymer and methods, and their thermal conductivity measured. The influence of polymer nanocomposites and results are discussed and future plan are presented. In addition, reasons of thermal conductivity changing in each case are discussed.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1974. / Mimographed. Also available on microfilm.