The goal of the thesis was to design and create one-way speed controler for brushless DC motors, that is used in air modeling. The function is based on the without sensors control method and circuit is controlled by the Atmel AVR. Power unit for motor is used Li – pol accumulator. The controller is equipped with a BEC to power the receiver and allows monitoring current and voltage on the accumulator. The measured data can be uploaded to a PC.

The thesis deals with lithium accumulators with electronics, which are composed to a unit called Intelligent Battery. Within this thesis, the main features of these accumulators are explained and the circuit to monitor these accumulators has been designed and manufactured, it can disconnect them when the parameters are exceeded, and it stores the history of the battery measurement in memory. It also allows reading of current and logged battery data via UART. The computer application is designed for communication, to display the information and to adjust the battery circuit parameters. The electronics secure charging when the 24V adapter is connected according to the set parameters and it also secure balancing of the individual accumulators.

The goal of the thesis was to design and create one-way speed controler for brushless DC motors, that is used in air modeling. The circuit is controlled by the Atmel AVR. As power unit for motor is used Li–pol accumulator. The controller is equipped with BEC to power the receiver and allows monitoring of current consumption and voltage on the accumulator. Measured data can be upload to a PC where they can be displayed by RegulatorPC in graphical form.

This thesis deals with a study of lithium-ion batteries. It is focused into negative electrode materials and electrolytes. In this thesis is presented synthesis, electrochemical properties, possibilities to improving negative electrode materials as LTO (Lithium Titanate Oxid) and graphite. These electrode materials were investigated with respect to their compatibility at electrolytes with carbonate solvents, Sulfolane and DMF (DiMethylFormamide) in detail. The main aim of this thesis is to characterize electrode materials and electrolyte properties depending on wide range of temperatures and their comparison for the purpose of achievement of the best solution. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The theoretical part of thesis describes composition, process of synthesis and analysis of lithium-ion cell. Practical part contains measuring and evaluating of charge-discharge and irreversible capacity characteristics related to variety of environmental temperatures.

This diploma thesis deals with the actual problems of sports car. This project solves the basic question of the future ecological cars drive and deals with problems related to ergonomics adherent to this type of car. The work includes a detailed retrieval study of the issue followed by the procedure of designing the car. The conclusion of the thesis deals with the detailed description and an analysis of the concept from several points of view. This thesis is also supplemented by preview of po-sters and multimedia presentation for 3D virtual reality.

This thesis deals with ionic liquids and use of ionic liquids as electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries. Thesis describes basic characteristics of secondary electrochemical cells and characteristics of ionic liquids. Thesis also describes modifications and measurement of ionic liquids. Thesis also presents the results of measurement conductivity and potential window of modified ionic liquids.

Supercapacitors have aroused considerable attention due to their high power capability, which enables charge storage/output in minutes or even seconds. However, to achieve a high energy density in a supercapacitor has been a long‐standing challenge. Here, graphite is reported as a high‐energy alternative to the frequently used activated carbon (AC) cathode for supercapacitor application due to its unique Faradaic pseudocapacitive anion intercalation behavior. The graphite cathode manifests both higher gravimetric and volumetric energy density (498 Wh kg−1 and 431.2 Wh l−1) than an AC cathode (234 Wh kg−1 and 83.5 Wh l−1) with peak power densities of 43.6 kW kg−1 and 37.75 kW l−1. A new type of Li‐ion pseudocapacitor (LIpC) is thus proposed and demonstrated with graphite as cathode and prelithiated graphite or Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) as anode. The resultant graphite–graphite LIpCs deliver high energy densities of 167–233 Wh kg−1 at power densities of 0.22–21.0 kW kg−1 (based on active mass in both electrodes), much higher than 20–146 Wh kg−1 of AC‐derived Li‐ion capacitors and 23–67 Wh kg−1 of state‐of‐the‐art metal oxide pseudocapacitors. Excellent rate capability and cycling stability are further demonstrated for LTO‐graphite LIpCs.

Li-O2 batteries have attracted world-wide research interest as an appealing candidate for future energy supplies because they possess the highest energy density of any battery technology. However, such system still face some challenges for the practical application. One of the key issues is exploring highly efficient cathode materials for Li-O2 batteries. Here, a rolled-up technology associated with other physical or chemical methods are applied to prepare architectural nanomembranes for the cathode materials in Li-O2 batteries. The strain-release technology has recently proven to be an efficient approach on the micro/nanoscale to fabricate composite nanomembranes with controlled thickness, versatile chemical composition and stacking sequence. This dissertation first focuses on the synthesis of trilayered Pd/MnOx/Pd nanomembranes. The incorporation of active Pd layers on both sides of the poor conductive MnOx layer commonly used in energy storage systems greatly enhances the conductivity and catalytic activity. Encouraged by this design, Pd nanoparticles functionalized MnOx-GeOy nanomembranes are also fabricated, which not only improve the conductivity but also facilitate the transport of Li+ and oxygen-containing species, thus greatly enhancing the performance of Li-O2 batteries. Similarly, Au and Pd arrays decorated MnOx nanomembranes act as bifunctional catalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in Li-O2 batteries. Moreover, by introducing hierarchical pores on the nanomembranes, the performance of Li-O2 batteries is further promoted by porous Pd/NiO nanomembranes. The macropores created by standard photolithography facilitate the rolling process and the nanopores in the nanomembranes induced by a novel template-free method supply fast channels for the reactants diffusion. In addition, a facile thermal treatment method is developed to fabricate Ag/NiO-Fe2O3/Ag hybrid nanomembranes as carbon-free cathode materials in Li-O2 batteries. A competing scheme between the intrinsic strain built in the oxide nanomembranes and an external driving force provided by the metal nanoparticles is introduced to tune the morphology of the 3D tubular architectures which greatly improve the performance by providing continuous tunnels for O2 and electrolyte diffusion and mitigating the side reactions produced by carbonaceous materials.

Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit der Synthese, den Li+-Transporteigenschaften und der Thermodynamik von Olivin-Typ LiFePO4. Es werden verschiedene Solvothermalsynthesen untersucht. Neben der Einstellung von Partikelgröße und Partikelmorphologie steht die Analyse der Hydrothermalsynthese aus Li3PO4 und Vivianit durch in situ Messung der elektrolytischen Leitfähigkeit im Vordergrund. Die Untersuchung des Li+-Transportes geschieht auf Basis von Redoxreaktionen. Die formalkinetische Auswertung von Lithiierungs- und Delithiierungsreaktionen und eine Nukleationsanalyse wird durch ein Modell zur Auswirkung von antisite-Defekten auf die Kapazität des Elektrodenmaterials ergänzt. Die Ramanspektroskopie wird in Verbindung mit Lösungsenthalpien zur Identifizierung reaktiver Spezies herangezogen. Schwerpunkt der thermodynamischen Charakterisierung ist die experimentelle Ermittlung der Wärmekapazität. Diese wurde unter Berücksichtigung einer magnetischen Phasenumwandlung im Bereich von 2 K bis 773 K ermittelt. Die Daten erlauben die Berechnung wichtiger thermodynamischer Funktionen.

Pour répondre aux besoins de la miniaturisation des systèmes électroniques nomades, le monde du stockage de l’énergie a dû se réinventer et proposer des solutions innovantes permettant de répondre à ces problématiques. Parmi ces solutions, les microbatteries tout-solide « lithium-free » offrent de nombreux avantages (intégration facilité, aspect sécuritaire), malgré une cyclabilité encore limitée. L’objectif de cette thèse consiste à étudier ces microbatteries LiCoO2/LiPON/Cu, notamment par caractérisation électrochimique, pour en comprendre les mécanismes et proposer des solutions permettant d’en améliorer les performances. L’étude des couches unitaires de ce système a permis d’identifier les propriétés principales de chaque film mince et de connaitre la composition chimique et structurale de ces couches. Puis, la mise en place d’un protocole de charge servant à améliorer considérablement la tenue en cyclage a été décryptée à l’aide de la spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique et de l’XPS. Ce travail a permis la compréhension fine des mécanismes physico-chimiques présent à chaque étape et de décrire un scénario quant au fonctionnement de ce protocole. Par ailleurs, la compréhension de ces phénomènes a été utile pour proposer des solutions permettant d’augmenter encore la tenue en cyclage des microbatteries Li-Free, pour que celle-ci puisse atteindre une capacité initiale et une cyclabilité équivalente aux microbatteries au lithium métallique, utilisé conventionnellement en microélectronique. / To meet the needs of the miniaturization of mobile electronic systems, the world of energy storage has had to reinvent itself and propose innovative solutions to meet these problems. Among these solutions, all-solid "lithium-free" microbatteries offer many advantages (easy integration, safety aspect), despite their still limited cyclability. The objective of this thesis is to study these LiCoO2/LiPON/Cu microbatteries, in particular by electrochemical characterization, in order to understand their mechanisms and propose solutions to improve their performances. The study of the unit layers of this system made it possible to identify the main properties of each thin film and to know the chemical and structural composition of these layers. Then, the implementation of a charging protocol to significantly improve cycling performance was decoded using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and XPS. This work allowed the detailed understanding of the physico-chemical mechanisms present at each stage and to describe a scenario as for the operation of this protocol. In addition, understanding these phenomena has been useful in proposing solutions to further increase the cycling resistance of Li-Free microbatteries, so that it can reach an initial capacity and cyclability equivalent to lithium metal microbatteries, used conventionally in microelectronics