儒家思想長期影響了臺灣的性別角色以及家庭價值觀。然而儘管儒家思想持續影響， 生育率仍下降至低於人口替代率，晚婚或不婚，男性與女性就讀大學的百分比幾乎相等而職場上與公家機關的女性比例亦有提升。其中一個解釋的角度便是台灣也正跟隨歐洲的腳步，歷經第二次人口轉型。如果台灣的人口轉型是與歐陸價值體系的轉型有所關連，那麼台灣女性勢必可以從中得到更大的自由去選擇他們的人生道路以及達到性別平等。本研究的目的便是企圖找到與此論點相關的證據以及探討這種人口轉型對於女性有什麼意義。我將運用「多元邏輯式回歸方法」(multinomial logistic regression)來分析1985到2015年之間問卷的交叉數據(cross-sectional data)以及2011年由中研院主導的台灣社會變遷調查計畫中所做的家庭調查，試圖在價值導向與家庭型態當中找出潛在關聯性。在回歸分析法當中，證據不足以顯示台灣正在歷經第二次人口轉型，然則，這些證據卻足以證明台灣社會當中的價值轉變。除了數據分析，本論文也試圖融合對台灣女性的深入訪談進行研究，探討伴侶型態與不同生命歷程選擇的成因和影響。訪問數據顯示一部份的社群確實正在經歷人口轉型，其餘則不然。再者，這些女性描述了在追求自我的路途上，職場與家庭之間做出平衡的困難。最後，本研究總結台灣的性別平等之路仍須更多努力。 / Confucianism has long influenced gender roles and family values in Taiwan. Yet despite Confucianism’s continued influence, fertility rates have dropped below replacement level, marriage is being postponed or rejected, percentages of men and women attending university are roughly equal, and women’s participation in the workforce and the government has increased. One proposed explanation is that Taiwan is following in the footsteps of Europe and undergoing the Second Demographic Transition. If Taiwan’s demographic changes were connected to similar value shifts as in Europe, women in Taiwan would benefit from greater freedom to choose their own life course and greater gender equality. This research sought to determine if there is evidence to support that Taiwan is undergoing the Second Demographic Transition and what the implications are for women. Cross-sectional data from 1985 and 2015 general questionnaires and the 2011 family questionnaire of the Taiwan Social Change Survey was analyzed for a potential link between value orientation and household type using multinomial logistic regression. In regression analyses, evidence did not support that Taiwanese society as a whole is experiencing the SDT, though evidence did support value shift over time. Survey data was supplemented with in-depth interviews with Taiwanese women to determine the reasons behind and impact of their union formation and life course choices. Interview data suggested that some sectors of society are undergoing the SDT while others are not. Furthermore, women reported gender equality and difficulty balancing their work and family life as barriers to following their desired life courses. Finally, this research concludes that further efforts are required to attain women’s freedom and equality in Taiwan.