This study explores the association between intergenerational relationships and life satisfaction among urban elders in China, with a focus on the emotional dimension of intergenerational solidarity. Individual factors, effects of associational, affectual, functional and structural solidarity were examined by analyzing data collected from the Zhenjiang City Intergenerational Relationship Survey (ZJIRS) in 2007, Jiangsu province, China. Study results revealed that elders’ marital status, educational background, pension, and self-rated health were closely related to the degree of intergenerational solidarity. A higher level of education, possession of a medical insurance, and better heath condition had a positive relationship with elders’ life satisfaction. Through the comparison of intergenerational exchanges from both parents and children, the study found that Chinese elders had the highest level of life satisfaction when they receive more frequent contacts, financial support, and affection from their children. This study might contribute to the existing body of literature in the overall theoretic understandings of intergenerational solidarity, life satisfaction, as well as the association between specific dimensions of intergenerational solidarity and older adults’ life satisfaction.

A national probability sample of over 4,000 American women was surveyed to determine the variables associated with magnitude of satisfaction with life. A life satisfaction index was constructed from the women's responses to satisfaction with five domains of life. Satisfaction with community, leisure, friends, and family were measured on a seven-point scale. Work satisfaction, which was measured on a four-point scale, was weighted to give it comparable status with other components of the index.

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An abundance of literature has shown the five-factor model personality traits can influence current and lifetime substance use. Life satisfaction, although less clearly, has also demonstrated a significant contribution to substance use behaviors and outcomes. Still, little is known about how life satisfaction influences the relationship between personality and substance use measures pertinent to recovery like drug use refusal self-efficacy. The goal of this study is to advance the current literature on substance use by examining the mechanisms influencing the relationship between personality and life satisfaction and drug use refusal self-efficacy for a sample diagnosed with at least one substance use disorder (SUD) and/or alcohol use disorder (AUD). Data was analyzed using deidentified information from a large diverse SUD client pool (n = 348) who were recruited from the general population and from two Midwest SUD treatment centers for a larger parent study. A series of mediation and moderation analyses were tested. The relationships between both neuroticism and conscientiousness with drug use refusal self-efficacy were significantly mediated by life satisfaction. Life satisfaction significantly moderated the relationship between extraversion and drug use refusal self-efficacy. These findings suggest life satisfaction may be a novel modifiable treatment target to reduce negative effects of personality on SUD drug refusal self-efficacy, and that life satisfaction may influence and change how extraversion relates to risks among those in recovery. / M.S. / Substance misuse costs the United States healthcare system billions each year, but substance use disorder treatment reduces these costs. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of individuals seek treatment in part because it is notoriously difficult, and relapses are common. Factors like personality traits and life satisfaction influence current and lifetime substance use. The goal of this study was to advance the current literature on substance use by examining the mechanisms influencing the relationship between personality and life satisfaction and the ability for an individual to refuse drugs or alcohol (drug use refusal self-efficacy). Data was analyzed using information from a large diverse substance use disorder client pool (n = 348) who were recruited from the general population from two Midwest treatment centers. A series of mediation and moderation analyses were tested. Life satisfaction influenced the relationships between both neuroticism and conscientiousness with drug use refusal self-efficacy. The relationship between extraversion and drug use refusal self-efficacy differed based on the individual’s life satisfaction. These findings suggest modifying life satisfaction may reduce negative effects of personality on drug refusal self-efficacy, and that life satisfaction may influence and change how extraversion relates to risks among those in recovery.

The study explored factors related to life satisfaction for military members transitioning to teaching. Schlossberg's (1981) model of human adaptation to transition was used to articulate the career transition factors of readiness, confidence, control, perceived support, and decision independence. The Career Transitions Inventory (Heppner, 1992), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Deiner, 1985), demographic variables, and open-ended questions were used to examine relationships. The data were collected using a secure online survey with a total of 136 usable responses from the Troops to Teachers database. Participants were overwhelmingly male (86%), married (86%), white (79%), and not of Hispanic origin (87%), which were reflective of an earlier Troops to Teachers study (Feistrizer, 2005). A weak correlation was found with life satisfaction and the variables of confidence and control. Stepwise regression revealed that combined control and readiness accounted for approximately 16% of the variance in life satisfaction. Additional relationships were noted between time in transition and income, as well as time in transition and support. Generally, participants were satisfied with life, which may indicate successful adaptation post-military transition. Results supported earlier studies demonstrating that internal/psychological factors (i.e., confidence, readiness, control) are positively linked to successful career transition. However, results did not mirror research on external factors (i.e., support) being related to successful career transition. Participants' insights indicated that preparing for, investing in, and having a positive attitude might benefit others pursuing a mid-life career transition. Further, helping and serving others, recognizing their accomplishments, and finding work/life balance reflected satisfaction in both military and teaching careers. Limitations of the study included low response rates, lack of diversity among the respondents, and findings not generalizable to other populations. Implications for counseling individuals in mid-life military career transitions are to (a) incorporate confidence and control as counseling foci, (b) address social/family and financial supports during transitions, and (c) draw from previous meaningful experiences (i.e., military) to deal with transition. Future research with populations that fully encapsulate stages of transition and are representative of more diversity can further contribute to our understanding of mid-life career transition. / Ph. D.

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of life satisfaction of children. Theoretical part of the thesis characterizes the term well-being according to various authors and the issues of its Czech translation. Theoretical part also explains approaches to well-being, its components and predictors. The diploma thesis characterizes the term life satisfaction and its predictors as well. In addition, this thesis summarizes the approaches to measurement of life satisfaction of both adults and children. The crucial part of the thesis is the presentation of selected international and Czech researches carried out in the Czech Republic. The main aim of the thesis is to compare methodologies of these researches with respect to the description of research sample, data collection and measurement of life satisfaction. The thesis also aims to compare the results of selected studies and find out whether Czech children are satisfied or not. The results of this thesis show that Czech children are in general satisfied; all selected studies have confirmed that. The researches differ on whether girls are less or more satisfied than boys. Nevertheless, gender differences were proved statistically insignificant. The paper also shows that international researches focus on the level of life satisfaction only, whereas Czech...

Adolescence among Black high school youth is a challenging period of social, emotional and psychological development; particularly as it relates to factors of ethnic identity, academic skill, self-worth and achievement outcomes. Of interest to researchers are measurable sex differences in achievement among this demographic group. Current literature suggests that psychological traits such as ethnic identity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction, are reliable predictors of achievement among this demographic. Consequently, the current study evaluated whether these particular psychological factors predicted sex differences in achievement. One hundred and forty high school students from Tucson and Phoenix school districts volunteered for the study. Responses were obtained from a demographic questionnaire, the Multi-Ethnic Identity Measure, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children, Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Perceived Caring Measure. These widely used measures are found to have adequate reliability and validity with Black adolescents. Multiple regression, correlation, MANOVA, and ANOVA analyzed criterion measures of Fall 2010 standardized achievement scores and grade point averages provided by participating school districts. Consistent with current research literature, findings support current data suggesting relationships between trait variables, achievement scores, and GPA. Further, the findings in this study provide support of current literature regarding the variability of psychological traits and sex among the participants in this study as predictors of achievement. Limitations, implications, and future directions for continued study of this topic are also discussed.

Syftet med studien var att jämföra grad av coping samt grad av livstillfredsställelse mellan religiösa personer och de som anser sig vara icke troende. För att testa skillnaderna mellan religiösa och ateister gjordes stickprov med data från 30 religiösa och 103 ateister. Mätinstrumentet REI skapades för att mäta graden av tro eller icke tro i avseende att jämföra resultatet mot den trosuppfattning som deltagarna själva hade angivit. Ett Mann–Whitney U test visade att det inte fanns en signifikant skillnad mellan deltagarnas självskattning av tro och resultatet från REI. Resultat från oberoende t-test avseende livstillfredsställelse visar att religiösa och ateister inte signifikant skilde sig åt. Signfikanta skillnader återfanns i oberoende t-test avseende emotionsbaserad, problemfokuserad och dysfunktionell coping. De religiösa och ateistiska grupperna skiljde sig mest i emotionsbaserad coping som hade högst effektstyrka enligt Cohens d (d = 1,39) i jämförelse med effektstyrkan för problemfokuserad och dysfunktionell coping. / The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of coping and the level of life satisfaction between religious people and those who consider themselves non-believers. To test the differences atheists, two sets of data from 30 religious and 103 atheists were used. The instrument REI was created to measure the degree of belief or non-belief in order to compare the results against the belief that the participants themselves had stated. A Mann–Whitney U test confirmed that there is no significant difference between participants' self-assessment of belief and the results from REI. Results from independent t-tests on the life satisfaction show that the religious and the atheists do not significantly differ. Significant differences were however found in independent t-test for emotion-based, problem-based and dysfunctional coping. The religious and atheist groups differed the most on the emotion-based coping with the highest effect size of Cohen's d (d = 1.39) in comparison with the effect size of problem-based and dysfunctional coping.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships among life satisfaction, status inconsistency, marital status, sex, race, and age. Status inconsistency is determined through a comparison of the status indicators of education, occupation, and income. Life satisfaction is determined by the responses to five areas of satisfaction which are presented in the 1976 General Social Survey conducted annually by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC). The five satisfaction variables are factor analyzed to assure the appropriateness of their use in the construction of the life satisfaction index. Analysis of the data consists of the use of chi-squares, Cramer's V, and Kendall's tau-b. Findings are reported and suggestions are presented for future research.

The aim of this thesis is to compare subjective life satisfaction of children at 5th and 9th grades of primary schools in Hradec Králové. The thesis focuses mainly on the way of spending their leisure time, satisfaction with the social contacts and family background, interacting in school, psychosomatic problems and addictive risks. The work compares the responses of individual years and gender of respondents. The thesis finds no significcant diferences between 5th and 9th grade. The significcant diferences were found between gender of respondents. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)