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UNITRAN: An Interlingual Machine Translation SystemDorr, Bonnie Jean 01 December 1987 (has links)
This report describes the UNITRAN (UNIversal TRANslator) system, an implementation of a principle-based approach to natural language translation. The system is "interlingual", i.e., the model is based on universal principles that hold across all languages; the distinctions among languages are handled by settings of parameters associated with the universal principles. Interaction effects of linguistic principles are handled by the syste so that the programmer does not need to specifically spell out the details of rule applications. Only a small set of principles covers all languages; thus, the unmanageable grammar size of alternative approaches is no longer a problem.
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The Universality of perceptual and linguistic constraints in the extraction of rule-like patterns : a cross-species comparisonMartínez de la Mora, Daniela, 1983- 03 May 2013 (has links)
Studies have shown that linguistic and perceptual constraints are
important for speech processing. First, rule-like structures are more
easily learned over vowels than over consonants. Second, sequences
varying in pitch and duration are grouped following the Iambic –
Trochaic Law (ITL). In this research, I investigated the origins of
these linguistic and perceptual constraints. My aim was to test if
vowels’ acoustic saliency was the reason why they are the preferred
target for abstract computations, and to explore the extent to which
the principles of the ITL come from evolutionary heritage or
language experience. Results show that rats learn rules over
consonants and vowels with the same ease, so saliency is
insufficient to explain the asymmetries observed in humans. This
also shows that animals share with humans the trochaic principle of
the ITL, but they lack the iambic-grouping bias, which might rely
on language experience. / Diversos estudios han encontrado que limitaciones perceptuales y
de aprendizaje intervienen en el procesamiento del lenguaje.
Primero, que el aprendizaje de reglas se realiza mejor sobre las
vocales. Segundo, que secuencias alternando en frecuencia y
duración son agrupadas siguiendo la Ley Yámbico-Trocaico (LYT).
En esta investigación busqué esclarecer el origen de estas
limitaciones lingüísticas y perceptuales. Mi objetivo fue estudiar si
la preferencia por las vocales se debe a su prominencia acústica e
investigar hasta qué punto la LYT es producto de la herencia
evolutiva o de la experiencia lingüística. Los resultados muestran
que las ratas computan reglas sobre vocales y consonantes, por lo
que las asimetrías funcionales observadas en humanos no se
explican por la saliencia acústica de las vocales. También sugieren
que animales y humanos comparten el principio trocaico de la LYT,
pero no el yámbico, el cual podría emerger tras años de experiencia
con el lenguaje nativo.
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Didactic and linguistic constraints pertaining to the teaching of Southern NdebeleMamabolo, Jeremiah Mathekeng Setshaba 30 November 2005 (has links)
This study investigates isiNdebele language as no longer a mere oral language, but a written and read language. As one of the once marginalised languages in South Africa, isiNdebele is one of the least developed amongst the official languages. The study investigates isiNdebele's development and modernisation in the context of the Language in Education Policy and the functional multilingualism dispensation in our country.
The qualitative research methodology was used to investigate the didactic and linguistic constraints in the teaching of isiNdebele, specifically utilising interviews and focus groups to collect data.
The study found that lack of properly qualified teachers, and development of this language which is lagging behind others, are the main constraints in teaching isiNdebele. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Didactics)
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Didactic and linguistic constraints pertaining to the teaching of Southern NdebeleMamabolo, Jeremiah Mathekeng Setshaba 30 November 2005 (has links)
This study investigates isiNdebele language as no longer a mere oral language, but a written and read language. As one of the once marginalised languages in South Africa, isiNdebele is one of the least developed amongst the official languages. The study investigates isiNdebele's development and modernisation in the context of the Language in Education Policy and the functional multilingualism dispensation in our country.
The qualitative research methodology was used to investigate the didactic and linguistic constraints in the teaching of isiNdebele, specifically utilising interviews and focus groups to collect data.
The study found that lack of properly qualified teachers, and development of this language which is lagging behind others, are the main constraints in teaching isiNdebele. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Didactics)
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"Blessed with a curse?" linguistic constraints on the code-switching of bilingual Shona-Xhosa speakers in Cape TownMambambo, John 11 1900 (has links)
Completely couched in and steered by the qualitative research method, this study examines the linguistic constraints on the code-switching of the bilingual Shona-Xhosa speakers in Cape Town. The views of the key research participants obtained through participant observation, interviews and questionnaires were heavily relied on. The motivations for the code-switching of the bilingual Shona-Xhosa speakers in Cape Town were explored in this study, including the Shona-Xhosa interlink. Myers-Scotton‟s Markedness theory was scrutinized to discern the assorted social variables motivating the bilingual speakers to code-switch in Cape Town while the Matrix Language Frame Model was used to determine that Shona is the base language and isiXhosa is the embedded language in the Shona-Xhosa code-switching in Cape Town. Diverse linguistic constraints were examined in the context of the Shona-Xhosa code-switching and their universality was disputed. Similarities between Shona and Xhosa were unearthed and the researcher recommends that further Shona-Xhosa studies be pursued. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)
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