The study of geometric group theory has suggested several theorems related to subdivision tilings that have a natural hyperbolic structure. However, few examples exist. We construct subdivision tilings for the complement of every nonsingular, prime alternating link and all torus links, and explore some of their properties and applications. Several examples are exhibited with color coding of tiles.

The hyperbolic volume of a knot complement is a topological knot invariant. Futer, Kalfagianni, and Purcell have estimated the volumes of Montesinos link complements for Montesinos links with at least three positive tangles. Here we extend their results to all hyperbolic Montesinos links.

Detta är en skola som är uppdelad i olika huskroppar som kan bidra till närmare kontakt och relation till elever och lärare men framförallt till den årskurs som man går i och de allra närmsta årskurserna. Detta skapar också en närmre relation mellan elev och hus som kan ge en trygghet, ett hem att fly till. Detta har varit svaret på min frågeställning hur man kan göra en skola som bidrar till en närmare relation elever sinsemellan men också mellan elev och lärare samt mellan elev och hus. Huskropparna är uppdelade på detta sätt: -Förskola -Lågstadie (åk 1-3) -Mellanstadie (åk 4-6) -Ett gemensamt hus för idrott, bibliotek, matsal, admin och teknik m.m. Detta är en pedagogisk resa som speglas i de olika huskropparna. Det gemensamma huset som man kan stänga av från de andra huskropparna gör att man kan använda skolan efter skoltimmarna till andra aktiviteter. Exempelvis så kan man hyra ut idrottshallen som gör att andra människor från alla olika stadsdelar kommer till skolan men som också ger skolan en ekonomisk löning. Utöver dessa två viktiga punkter (ekonomi och social mångfald) så kan barnen som går i skolan mötas på denna plats där det är en trygg miljö. Sammanfattningsvis vad som gynnas av det gemensamma huset: -Ekonomisk hållbarhet. -Social mångfald.-Multifunktion. -Trygg zon/Samlingspunkt för barnen. Naturen är viktig i detta projekt. Större delen av skogen bevaras för barnen att kunna leka i. Så ett hållbart perspektiv finns med av att bevara skogen men skogen kan också vara en pedagogisk plats för barnen där de lär sig nya saker om vad som finns i naturen och hur naturen funkar och vad den är till för. För att förstärka detta har jag utöver alla programpunkter som är obligatoriska också skapat olika odlingsplatser för att naturen skall vara en viktig del av barnens lärande och utveckling. Det finns också en takterass som smälter in i kullen för ytterligare lekutrymme men också en spännande miljö. / This is a school that is divided in diffrent buildings that can contribuate to a closer conection between students and teachers but above all to the grade the student is in and to the closest grades. This also creates a closer conection between the student and the building that can provide a saftey, a home to fly to. This has been the answer to my question how to make a school that contributes to a closer relationship between students but also between students and teachers and between student and building. The different buildings are divided in this way: -Preschool. -Primaryschool (year 1-3). -Middleschool (year 4-6). -A common house for sports, libarary, dining area, admin and technique. This is an educational journey that reflects in the diffrent buildnings. The common house that you can close from the other buildings makes it possible to use the school after schoolhours for other activities. For instance it is possible to rent the sport center that can bring people from diffrent neighborhoods together but this also gives a finicial benifit for the school. Besides these two important contributions (Economically and social diversity) the children that goes to the school can meet at this place where there in some way is a safe zone. In summary the things that benifits by having the common house is: -Economically sustainability. -Social diversity. -Multifunction. -Safe Zone/gathering place for the children. Nature is important in this project. The majority of the forest is preserved for the children to play in. A sustainable perpective exist to preserve the forest but the forest is also a educational place for the children where they can learn new things about what is in the nature and how the nature works and what it is here for. To strengthen this besides the program that is manditory I have also created farmingplaces so that nature can have a important part of the childrens education and development. There is also a roofterrrace thats goes into the hill for more playground area but also as an exiting enviroment.

In the past few decades there has been research dedicated to understanding the roles that animals play within violent households. The American Humane Association (2010) has developed what they termed The Link. This concept examines how forms of violence, including domestic violence, child abuse, elder abuse, and animal abuse, are often intertwined. This qualitative study was facilitated using focus groups and interviews of animal service officers in Orange County, Florida to evaluate the relationship and training provided from a local domestic violence shelter. There were a total of 22 Orange County Animal Services employees who participated in four different focus group sessions, and two interviews with officers who had previously made referrals to Harbor House of Central Florida, the local domestic violence shelter. Results show that animal service officers view themselves as often being the first responders to a situation and, hence, an agent to help all victims, including both animals and humans. Participants indicated that their relationship with Harbor House of Central Florida has been weak and that many were unfamiliar with the referral program known as INVEST. They provided recommendations to strengthen their relationship with Harbor House of Central Florida that included trainings, support, and cross-reporting efforts that they felt were needed

Broadband wireless access (BWA) is a promising emerging technology. In the past, most BWA systems were based on proprietary implementations. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.16 task group recently standardized the physical (PHY) and medium-access control (MAC) layers for BWA systems. To operate in a wide range of physical channel conditions, the standard defines a robust and flexible PHY. A wide range of modulation and coding schemes are defined. While the standard provides a framework for implementing link adaptation, it does not define how exactly adaptation algorithms should be developed. This thesis develops a link adaptation algorithm for the IEEE 802.16 standard's WirelessMAN air interface. This algorithm attempts to minimize the end-to-end delay in the system by selecting the optimal PHY burst profile on the air interface. The IEEE 802.16 standard recommends measuring C/(N+I) at the receiver to initiate a change in the burst profile, based on the comparison of the instantaneous the C/(N+I) with preset C/(N+I) thresholds. This research determines the C/(N+I) thresholds for the standard specified channel Type 1. To determine the precise C/(N+I) thresholds, the end-to-end(ETE) delay performance of IEEE 802.16 is studied for different PHY burst profiles at varying signal-to-noise ratio values. Based on these performance results, we demonstrate that link layer ETE delay does not reflect the physical channel condition and is therefore not suitable for use as the criterion for the determination of the C/(N+I) thresholds. The IEEE 802.16 standard specifies that ARQ should not be implemented at the MAC layer. Our results demonstrate that this design decision renders the link layer metrics incapable of use in the link adaptation algorithm. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) delay is identified as a suitable metric to serve as the link quality indicator. Our results show that buffering and retransmissions at the transport layer cause ETE TCP delay to rise exponentially below certain SNR values. We use TCP delay as the criterion to determine the SNR entry and exit thresholds for each of the PHY burst profiles. We present a simple link adaptation algorithm that attempts to minimize the end-to-end TCP delay based on the measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The effects of Internet latency, TCP's performance enhancement features and network traffic on the adaptation algorithm are also studied. Our results show that delay in the Internet can considerably affect the C/(N+I) thresholds used in the LA algorithm. We also show that the load on the network also impacts the C/(N+I) thresholds significantly. We demonstrate that it is essential to characterize Internet delays and network load correctly, while developing the LA algorithm. We also demonstrate that TCP's performance enhancement features do not have a significant impact on TCP delays over lossy wireless links. / Master of Science

In intelligent transportation systems, the cooperation between vehicles and the road side units is essential to bring these systems to fruition. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a promising technology to enable the communications among vehicles on one hand and between vehicles and road side units on the other hand. However, it is a challenging task to develop a reliable routing algorithm for VANETs due to the high mobility and the frequent changes of the network topology. Communication links are highly vulnerable to disconnection in VANETs; hence, the routing reliability of these ever-changing networks needs to be paid special attention. In this paper, we propose a new vehicular reliability model to facilitate the reliable routing in VANETs. The link reliability is defined as the probability that a direct communication link between two vehicles will stay continuously available over a specified time period. Furthermore, the link reliability value is accurately calculated using the location, direction and velocity information of vehicles along the road. We extend the well-known ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol to propose our reliable routing protocol AODV-R. Simulation results demonstrate that AODV-R outperforms significantly the AODV routing protocol in terms of better delivery ratio and less link failures while maintaining a reasonable routing control overhead.

Virtual knot theory is an extension of classical knot theory based on a combinatorial presentation of crossing information. The appropriate extensions of braid groups and string link monoids have also been studied. While some previously known knot invariants can be evaluated for virtual objects, entirely new techniques can also be used, for example, the concept of index of a crossing, and its resulting (Gaussian) parity theory. In general, a parity is a rule which assigns 0 or 1 to each crossing in a knot or link diagram. Recently, they have also been defined for virtual braids. Here, novel parities for knots, braids, and string links are defined, some of their applications are explored, most notably, defining a new subgroup of the virtual braid groups. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Master of Science / The 6 GHz spectrum band (5.925 GHz – 7.125 GHz) is an important frequency range for many industries due to its high bandwidth capabilities, low latency, and ability to support high data transfer rates. Different types of services, both fixed and mobile, are utilizing the 6 GHz frequency band at present. The incumbents of this band comprise governmental and commercial entities that depend on the 6 GHz spectrum for services like transportation and public safety. The 6 GHz spectrum has also been identified for use by various wireless communication systems, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 5G. Incumbent licensed operators need to be able to access the spectrum without significant interference to operate effectively. As more wireless communication systems are developed and deployed, the demand for spectrum continues to grow. There is a need for spectrum sharing due to the scarcity of coverage-friendly low band spectrum. Indeed, 6G is expected to use spectrum sharing to a much larger extent compared to previous generations of wireless systems. This thesis provides extensive experimentation results using a commercial FML system that can be used to understand resiliency of FML receivers to interference at 6 GHz.

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