Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 O34 / Master of Arts

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the nature of writing instruction which can improve the writing skills of learners as it also takes into account the learners needs. The main aim is to apply the genrebased approach to written texts in Xhosa. This framework for instruction will help learners to be ready for the work place after they have left school. They will acquire the necessary writing skills, which are needed in the work place today. The genre-based use oflanguage will enable them to use written language in different situations and they should be able to write meaningful texts, which will take the reader into consideration, as required by Curriculum 2005. The approaches to teaching communicative writing skills are discussed in relation to both the critical outcomes and the specific outcomes for the learning field Language, Literacy and Communication as specified in the Curriculum 2005 (1997). The framework presented by Grabe and Kaplan (1996) is also presented in relation to the specific outcomes that need to be achieved in the Languages, Literacy and communication-learning field. Six BONA Magazine articles on sport celebrities have been analysed according to the model of text-construction within the framework proposed by Grabe and Kaplan (1996). It is concluded that these types of analytic skills are required in an effective approach to the teaching of writing to accomplish the outcomes of Curriculum 2005. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die aard van skryfonderrig wat die skryfvaardigheid van leerders kan verbeter en ook die leerders se behoeftes in ag neem. Die hoofdoelstelling van die studie is om die genre-gebaseerde benadering toe te pas in die analise van geskrewe tekste in Xhosa. Hierdie raamwerk vir onderrig sal leerders help om gereed te wees vir die kommunikatiewe eise van die werkplek nadat hulle die skool verlaat het. Hulle kan, deur die genre-benadering tot skryfonderrig, die vereiste skryfvaardighede ontwikkel wat in die werkplek benodig word. Die genre-gebaseerde gebruik van skriftelike taal kan leerders in staat stelom taal aan te wend in In verskeidenheid situasies, en hulle behoort in staat te wees om betekenisvolle tekste te skryf wat die leser in berekening neem, soos vereis deur Kurrikulum 2005. Die benaderings tot die onderrig van kommunikatiewe skryfvaardigheid word bespreek met betrekking tot sowel kritieke uitkomste as spesifieke uitkomste vir die leerveld Taal, Geletterdheid en Kommunikasie, soos gespesifiseer in Kurrikulum 2005 (1997 weergawe). Die raamwerk van Grabe en Kaplan (1996) word ook behandel met betrekking tot die spesifieke uitkomste in wat bereik moet word in die leerveld Tale, Geletterdheid en Kommunikasie. Ses BONA tydskrifartikels wat handeloor sportpersoonlikhede word ontleed volgens die genre-gebaseerde benadering binne die raamwerk van Grabe en Kaplan se model vir tekskonstruksie en etnografie vir skriftelike tekste. Daar word bevind dat die onderrig van hierdie soort analitiese vaardighede nodig is vir In doeltreffende benadering tot skryfonderrig vir die bereik van die uitkomste van Kurrikulum 2005.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

O objetivo desta tese é uma análise do romance Dombey e Filho (1848), de Charles Dickens. Esse é seu sétimo romance e representa um divisor de águas em sua obra: a crítica social, a observação dos costumes e o diagnóstico da época passaram a ser feitos de um modo mais incisivo. Sempre com a preocupação de relacionar a forma literária e o processo social, nossa hipótese é a de que o narrador de Dombey e Filho, ao materializar os paradoxos da sociedade inglesa em meados do século XIX, busca soluções estéticas para contradições da realidade. A despeito das mudanças ocorridas nesses cento e cinquenta anos, e agora num contexto mais amplo, partes substanciais de tais contradições foram acentuadas, continuando em vigor, além disso, o certo estatuto de normalidade que as acompanham. Nesse sentido, nosso desafio é procurar na própria forma da obra os índices de algo que está para além dela: em seu presente e em seu futuro. / The aim of this thesis is the analysis of the novel Dombey and Son (1848), by Charles Dickens. It is his seventh novel and represents a watershed in his work: in it, social criticism, the observation of manners and the diagnosis of the age became more incisive. Always bearing in mind the attempt to establish the relationship between literary form and social process, I argue that the narrator in Dombey and Son tries to elaborate aesthetic solutions for real contradictions while dealing with paradoxical midnineteenth- century English society. Despite all the changes since then, and in a broader context now, substantial parts of these contradictions have been emphasized, acquiring a certain degree of accepted normality. In this sense, our challenge is to investigate in the very form of the novel signs of something that goes beyond it: in its present and in its future.

O objetivo deste trabalho é a realização de uma análise do romance Esaú e Jacó, de Machado de Assis. Para isso, buscou-se investigar qual o sentido da construção da obra apoiada em um enredo tedioso, cujo conflito - um antagonismo entre irmãos gêmeos não é estabelecido em profundidade. O modo de atuação do narrador no que diz respeito à construção dessa aparência de conflito, juntamente com a sua relação - ou desdobramento - com a figura do Conselheiro Aires, a personagem que alega e propala tédio à controvérsia, é um dos focos principais de observação nesta pesquisa. Este viés de observação sugeriu a aproximação analítica com a série A+B, grupo de sete crônicas em forma de diálogo, publicadas na Gazeta de notícias por Machado de Assis. A série reproduz um princípio formal semelhante ao encontrado no romance, um narrador distanciado que conduz uma encenação do procedimento das elites brasileiras durante a passagem do Império à República. Os problemas formais discutidos pelas obras literárias foram considerados numa relação dinâmica com as movimentações históricas trazidas pela modernização conservadora do Brasil no século XIX. / The aim of this study is to conduct an analysis of the novel Esaú e Jacó, by Machado de Assis. For this, the author sought to investigate the meaning of the narrative construction supported by a tedious plot, whose conflict - an antagonism between twins - is not established in depth. The mode of action of the narrator in relation to the construction of this appearance of conflict, along with his relationship - or split - with the figure of Counselor Aires, the character who claims \"boredom of controversy\", is a major focus or observation in this study. These ideas suggested an analytical approach to the series A + B, group of seven chronicles, written in dialogue form, and published in Gazeta de notícias by Machado de Assis. The series plays a formal principle similar to that found in the novel, a detached narrator who leads a staging procedure of the Brazilian elites during the transition from Empire to Republic. The formal problems discussed by the literary works were considered in a dynamic relationship with the changes brought about by historical conservative modernization of Brazil in the nineteenth century.

劉慶華. / 論文(博士)--香港中文大學硏究院中國語言及文學部,1994. / 參考文獻: leaves 354-373 / Liu Qinghua. / Lun wen (bo shi)-- Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan Zhongguo yu yan ji wen xue bu,1994. / Can kao wen xian: leaves 354-373 / 敘論 --- p.1 / Chapter 上篇 --- 《文心雕龍》的文體理論 / Chapter 第一章 --- 《文心雕龍》的「文體論」 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.2 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「文」的涵義 --- p.3 / Chapter 第三節 --- 《文心雕龍》裏「文」字的涵義 --- p.6 / Chapter 第四節 --- 《文心》中「文體」的涵義 --- p.11 / Chapter 第五節 --- 結語 --- p.19 / Chapter 第二章 --- 《文心雕龍》書中「（文章）本源，莫非經典」觀念試探 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.33 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「文源於經」的觀念分析 --- p.34 / Chapter 第三節 --- 宗經思想探源 --- p.39 / Chapter 第四節 --- 結語 --- p.46 / Chapter 第三章 --- 《文心雕龍》的文體分類評議 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.59 / Chapter 第二節 --- 有關文體分類問題的辨析 --- p.61 / Chapter 第三節 --- 《文心雕龍》文體分類的原則 --- p.67 / Chapter 第四節 --- 結語 --- p.94 / Chapter 下篇 --- 文體理論在批評中的實踐 / Chapter 第四章 --- 《文心雕龍》評定文章優劣的具體原則和方法 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.117 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「敷理以舉統」探源 --- p.117 / Chapter 第三節 --- 論「位體」與「敷理以舉統」的關係 --- p.131 / Chapter 第四節 --- 结語 --- p.144 / Chapter 第五章 --- 《文心雕龍》實際批評舉例（一）文之類 / Chapter <一> --- 詩 / Chapter (1) --- 古詩十九首 / Chapter (a) --- 〈 涉江采芙蓉〉 --- p.153 / Chapter (b) --- 〈庭中有奇樹〉 --- p.154 / Chapter (c) --- 〈青青河畔草〉 --- p.154 / Chapter (2) --- 何晏〈擬古〉 --- p.155 / Chapter (3) --- 何晏失題之作一首 / Chapter <二> --- 樂府 --- p.156 / Chapter (1) --- 〈桂華〉 --- p.158 / Chapter (2 ) --- 〈赤雁〉 --- p.159 / Chapter (3) --- 曹操〈苦寒行〉 --- p.160 / Chapter <三> --- 賦 / Chapter （1） --- 司馬相如<上林賦> --- p.163 / Chapter <四> --- 頌 / Chapter (1) --- 楊雄<趙充國頌> --- p.168 / Chapter (2) --- 班固〈車騎將軍竇北征頌〉 --- p.169 / Chapter (3) --- 陸機〈漢高祖功臣頌〉 --- p.172 / Chapter <五> --- 讃 / Chapter (1) --- 郭璞《爾雅圖讚.筆》 --- p.176 / Chapter (2) --- 郭璞《爾雅圖讚.枳首蛇》 --- p.176 / Chapter (3) --- 郭璞《爾雅圖讚.柚》 --- p.177 / Chapter (4) --- 郭璞《爾雅圖讚.蟬》 --- p.177 / Chapter <六> --- 祝 / Chapter (1 ) --- 侲子毆疫祝文 --- p.179 / Chapter (2) --- 潘岳〈祭庾婦〉 --- p.180 / Chapter <七> --- 盟 / Chapter (1) --- 臧洪〈與諸牧守盟文〉 --- p.182 / Chapter (2) --- 劉琨〈與段匹磾盟文〉 --- p.183 / Chapter <八> --- 銘 / Chapter (1) --- 蔡邕〈鼎銘〉 --- p.185 / Chapter (2) --- 張載〈劍閣銘〉 --- p.187 / Chapter <九> --- 誄 / Chapter (1) --- 潘岳〈皇女誄〉 --- p.189 / Chapter (2) --- 傅毅〈明帝誄〉 / Chapter <十> --- 哀 / Chapter (1) --- 潘岳〈為任子咸妻作孤女澤蘭哀辭〉 --- p.194 / Chapter (2) --- 潘岳〈金鹿哀辭〉 --- p.196 / Chapter 第六章 --- 《文心雕龍》實際批評舉例（二）筆之類 / Chapter <一> --- 論 / Chapter (1 ) --- 班彪〈王命論〉 --- p.203 / Chapter (2) --- 陸機〈辯亡論〉 --- p.206 / Chapter (3) --- 曹植〈辨道論〉 --- p.211 / Chapter (4) --- 嵇康〈聲無哀樂論〉 --- p.214 / Chapter <二> --- ¨®Ơ / Chapter (1) --- 李斯〈諫逐客書〉 --- p.220 / Chapter (2) --- 鄒陽〈說吳梁〉 --- p.223 / Chapter (3) --- 馮敬通〈說鮑永〉 --- p.226 / Chapter <三> --- 詔策 / Chapter (1) --- 〈漢高帝二年發使者告諸侯伐楚〉 --- p.232 / Chapter (2) --- 〈漢高帝五年赦天下令〉 --- p.233 / Chapter (3) --- 〈漢高帝六年上太公尊號詔〉 --- p.233 / Chapter (4) --- 武帝策封三王文 --- p.234 / Chapter (5) --- 潘勗〈冊魏公九錫文〉 --- p.237 / Chapter <四> --- 檄 / Chapter (1) --- 隗囂〈移檄告郡國〉 --- p.241 / Chapter (2) --- 陳琳〈為袁紹檄豫州〉 --- p.244 / Chapter <五> --- 移 / Chapter (1) --- 司馬相如〈難蜀父老〉 --- p.249 / Chapter (2) --- 劉歆〈移太常〉 --- p.252 / Chapter <六> --- 章表 / Chapter (1) --- 諸葛亮〈出師表〉 --- p.256 / Chapter (2) --- 孔融〈薦禰衡表〉 --- p.257 / Chapter <七> --- 奏 / Chapter (1) --- 賈誼〈論積貯疏〉 --- p.260 / Chapter (2) --- 晁錯〈言兵事疏〉 --- p.261 / Chapter (3) --- 孔光〈奏董賢〉 --- p.265 / Chapter (4) --- 劉隗〈奏周顗〉 --- p.266 / Chapter <八> --- 議 / Chapter (1) --- 吾丘壽王〈駁挾弓議〉 --- p.268 / Chapter (2) --- 郭躬〈擅誅議〉 --- p.270 / Chapter (3) --- 秦秀〈賈充謚議〉 --- p.272 / Chapter (4) --- 傅咸〈駁解結議〉 --- p.274 / Chapter <九> --- 書 / Chapter (1) --- 司馬遷〈報任安書〉 --- p.276 / Chapter (2) --- 楊惲〈報孫會宗書〉 --- p.277 / Chapter <十> --- 牋記 / Chapter (1) --- 劉楨〈諫平原侯植書〉 --- p.279 / Chapter (2) --- 劉楨〈答曹丕借廓落帶書〉 --- p.280 / Chapter (3) --- 劉廙〈謝恩書〉 --- p.282 / Chapter 第七章 --- 《文心雕龍》實際批評舉例（三）´ؤ´ؤ從文體論角度 辨析「奇正」觀念 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引目 --- p.297 / Chapter 第二節 --- 各家解說論列 --- p.297 / Chapter 第三節 --- 「奇正」觀念探源 --- p.302 / Chapter 第四節 --- 從《文心》「奇」字用例探討其內涵 --- p.304 / Chapter 第五節 --- 從劉勰判斷為「奇」的作品探討「奇」的內涵 --- p.313 / Chapter 第六節 --- 《文心雕龍》「正」字用例分析 --- p.321 / Chapter 第七節 --- 析論《文心》中屬「正」的作品 --- p.328 / Chapter 第八節 --- 結語 --- p.342 / Chapter 第八章 --- 结論 --- p.351 / 參考書目 --- p.354

李永鴻. / 書名原題: 文心雕龍「文體」理論硏究. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Shu ming yuan ti: Wen xin diao long "Wen ti" li lun yan jiu. / Reprint. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-244). / Li Yonghong. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 敘論 --- p.1 / 上篇 / Chapter 第一章 --- 「文體」釋義 --- p.2 / Chapter 第二章 --- 劉勰以前的「文體」理論 --- p.17 / Chapter 第三章 --- 魏晉以來何以特別重視辨析「文體」 --- p.36 / 下篇 / Chapter 第四章 --- 《文心雕龍》「文體」理論的範圍´ؤ´ؤ兼論《辨騷》篇應否歸入本文硏究之列 --- p.55 / Chapter 第五章 --- 《文心雕龍》「文體」源出《五經》說平議 --- p.66 / Chapter 第六章 --- 《文心雕龍》論及的「文體」類別 --- p.85 / Chapter 第七章 --- 「文體」論例 --- p.132 / Chapter 第一節 --- 關於「騷」體的興起 --- p.133 / Chapter 第二節 --- 從「聲依永，律和聲」談起´ؤ´ؤ兼論「詩」與「樂府」的關係 --- p.138 / Chapter 第三節 --- 從「鋪采摛文」看「賦」與「諸子」的關係 --- p.145 / Chapter 第四節 --- 「讚」與「頌」、「論」的關係 --- p.154 / Chapter 第五節 --- 從《祝盟》、《奏啟》、《檄移》三篇探討彦和對作家操守的要求 --- p.166 / Chapter 第六節 --- 從《銘箴》篇、《諧讔》篇、《史傳》篇和《詔策》篇略論「銘」、「箴」、「諧」、「讔」、「史」、「戒」諸「體」的教化作用 --- p.174 / Chapter 第七節 --- 從《誄碑》篇和《哀弔》篇略論「誄」、「碑」、「哀」、「弔」諸「體」的悼亡色彩 --- p.181 / Chapter 第八節 --- 「雜文」釋義´ؤ´ؤ兼論《雜文》篇與《書記》篇的異同 --- p.188 / Chapter 第九節 --- 略論《封襌》篇的「選文以定篇」 --- p.195 / Chapter 第十節 --- 從《章表》篇、《奏改》篇和《議對》篇略論上呈君主之文的特色 --- p.299 / Chapter 第八章 --- 劉勰的辨「體」方法評議´ؤ´ؤ兼論他的「文學」觀念 --- p.220 / 結語 --- p.232 / 參考資料 --- p.235

Between 1880 and 1920, both urban England and essays published in urban England underwent seismic shifts and splits, as population grew, education and technology advanced, and periodical publishing expanded. The city grew both larger in size and smaller in units of comprehensibility, and many of its people were (or were perceived by certain thinkers to be) less free and more instrumental. The periodical essay too grew more common and, at the same time, smaller in size, less free, and more instrumental, as it developed closer ties with journalism, with the industrial city, and with readers of all classes. By an examination of various forms of essaying in the period, this thesis argues that the essay's transitions parallel modernity's transitions, not only because the essay reflects or enacts or follows trends in modernity, but also because modernity at the time was conditioned by the essay's way of thinking through its form and cannot be fully understood without reference to the activities of the urban periodical essay at the time. The essay between 1880 and 1920 was a highly social genre, and this sociability manifested in a number of ways this thesis will explore. Its periodical context allowed it a ritual, patterning relationship with its readers; its brevity and limitations pushed it into dialectical, double-glancing modes of thought that complemented its fragmented setting; its tendency to direct attention away from its own form gave it a unique, constitutive role in literary modernisms; its material connections to new technologies implicated it in new doubts concerning urban modernity, and its massed readership embroiled it in fears over anti- or a-intellectual over-simplification. This thesis tells the stories of the periodical essay, in London, as an actor in modernity's transitions, by examining four concepts central to both the essay and to emergent modernity: play, the trick, doubt, and wisdom. These concepts are treated, primarily, through the work of three writers-Oscar Wilde, G. K. Chesterton, and Virginia Woolf-all of whom, in their styling of the essay, embody different moments and essayistic registers in the transitions of modernity and reveal the cross-fertilising relationship between essaying and what is meant by 'the modern'.

No description available.

Diss.--Fribourg. / Bibliography: p. 155-160.