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A Poetic Complement to Reason: Heterogeneity and the Other in the work of Antonio Machado examines some of the late work of the Spanish writer. By focusing on his apocryphal project and especially on its two major texts, De un cancionero apócrifo and Juan de Mairena, I seek to show that the author’s philosophical endeavors are intrinsically related to the major trends within European thought during the tumultuous first decades of the new century. Turning to the problem of reason and the rift that separates its conceptual and non-conceptual sides, Machado advances important understandings of ontological and epistemological nature that remain understudied. The conceptions of human knowledge, life, and freedom that the author elaborates evince his desire to reevaluate the dominant idealist ones and even to part ways with this tradition. From today’s viewpoint, these notions are interesting because they continue to resonate with the ones we hold today. This project, therefore, intervenes in Machado’s scholarship by addressing the theoretical stance of the author and its relationship to issues like emancipation, equality, and communal life that remain pressing. / Spanish

La tesis trata el desarrollo de la figura de Lope de Aguirre desde sus origenes en las cronicas historicas del siglo XVI hasta e inclusive su contexto literario en la literatura espanola del siglo XX. La tesis ha limitado su area de estudio a las primeras tres obras que desarrollan el tema de Lope de Aguirre, sin incursionar en la trayectoria que siguio esta figura en la literatura hispanoamericana. La tesis consta de dos partes. La primera se intitula "Lope de Aguirre en la historia". Esta pretende distinguir cuales eran las principales caracteristicas y cualidades que constituian la personalidad de este conquistador espanol mediante el estudio de los datos y descripciones que brindan las cronicas y fuentes historicas de su epoca. El analisis de los comentarios, cartas y acciones de Lope de Aguirre permite conocer, en lo posible, al hombre de carne y hueso al mismo tiempo que llegar a conocer el proceso que sufrio para devenir en una leyenda. / La segunda parte, "Lope de Aguirre en la literatura", analiza su personalidad desde la perspectiva literaria siguiendo su desarrollo en varias de las obras mas conocidas de la literatura espanola del siglo XX. Las obras literarias han sido estudiadas cronologicamente con el proposito de conocer paso a paso el desenvolvimiento de la figura de Lope de Aguirre en la literatura. De primera instancia se considera Las inquietudes de Shanti Andia (1910) de Pio Baroja por ser la primera novela escrita sobre Lope de Aguirre. Luego se incluye la obra Los maranones (1913) de Ciro Bayo debido a que fue la primera novela historica que utiliza a Lope de Aguirre como tema. Ademas se estudia la obra Tirano Banderas (1926) de Ramon del Valle Inclan, la cual da inicio al prototipo del caudillo en la literatura espanola. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 44-12, Section: A, page: 3705. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1983.

The problem of alienation is a serious one in most of our present societies and it has been studied in various aspects, from a sociological, psychological, as well as a philosophical viewpoint. The subject is still debatable and open to discussion. / This study focuses on the problem of alienation in colonized and decolonized societies in Africa. Through the analysis of some literary works written in French by African writers, we learn the cause and effect of the problem of alienation in African societies, occuring intensively during the colonization and also after the abolition of colonialism. / This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part consists of an introduction which presents the different concepts and theories of the word "alienation." The Introduction especially attempts to explain the sociological aspect of the term "alienation." The first chapter discusses the theory of alienation from a philosophical viewpoint, as introduced for the first time in the 19th century by Frederick Hegel. Chapter Two elaborates the theories of alienation formulated by Hegel's disciples, Ludwig Feuerbach and Karl Marx. Both discuss the problem of alienation in a bourgeois society. Contrary to Hegel's spiritual approach both Feuerbach and Marx explain this concept from a materialistic viewpoint. / The last two chapters of Part One treat respectively the concept of alienation of both Jean-Paul Sartre and Frantz Fanon. Sartre views the problem of alienation as the outcome of the bourgeoisie. Although he explains the concept of alienation from both a philosophical and a sociological viewpoint, his theory is, however, closer to Hegel's. Fanon on the other hand, studies the problem of alienation in colonized societies particularly from a psycho-sociological aspect. / In Part Two, we learn the cause and effect of the particular problem of alienation in African societies through the analysis of selected literary works. This part is divided into three chapters which analyze two novels and one play. The two novels, L'Enfant noir by Camara Laye and L'Aventure ambigue by Cheik Hamidou Kane present the cause and effect of the problem in African society during the colonization. . . . (Author's abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of author.) UMI / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, Section: A, page: 0768. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1983.