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Dialogue is a written text representing an oral exchange between two or more persons; it also includes catechisms and rhetorically formulated series of queries and responses presenting an argument. The purpose of my thesis is to identify the main non-dramatic dialogues published in France and Italy between 1800 and 1914 and--through their discursive analysis--to provide an assessment of their signification and their impact on modern social discourse. / The first part focuses on the general discourse elements of modern dialogue, such as narrativity, rhetorical devices, character definition and function, paratextual structures, etc. / The second part includes a series of text analyses that proposes a study of ideological tendencies of modern social discourse through the most representative dialogues of the age. / Finally, the third part concentrates on the literary value and the build-up of dialogue as an aesthetic structure towards the end of the XIXth century and at the turn of the XXth century.

Olu phando lohlalutyo lukwaluncomo-gxeko lwemisebenzi kaJolobe, injongo yalo kukubonisa ukuba lukho uqhagamshelwano phakathi kobomi bakhe jikelele kunye noncwadi lwakhe. Ulwazi olunjalo lungathi lube luncedo kwiphulo elibalulekileyo ekuncediseni kulwazi lokubhala ibhayografi yakhe. Kubonakele kufanelekile ukuba iphulo elinjalo lenziwe ukukhumbula imisebenzi emikhulu eyenziwe ngamaqhawe abantu abaNtsundu abathe banegalelo elikhulu ekuphakanyiswni koncwadi lwemvelo kwakunye nenkuqubela phambili kwimfundo yabantu abangama-Afrika beli lizwe. Umzekelo uJolobe ulusebenzele ukuba uncwadi lwakhe ukuxwayisa abantu bakowabo abaNtsundu ngemfundo nolwazi olwakhaya. Ukwalusebenzise uncwadi lwakhe ukuvusa abantu ama-Afrika balumke kwingozi zemimoya yocinezelo lwabo ngurhulumente ocalule abantu abaNtsundu kuba bebantsundu ngebala. Nangona uncwadi lwakhe ulenze lwabasisonwabiso kodwa ikhakhulu ulusebenzise kwanokunika intuthuzelo, ithemba kwanokomelela kubantu abathe bacinezelwe zimeko zobomi ukuba bangalahli ithemba loluzuza impumelelo, kuba izinto zingatshintsha ebomini babo ngokuhamba kwamaxesha. Kwakhona ukongeza uncwadi lwakhe ulusebenzise ukuphakamisa nokuhambisela phambili ulwimi lwemveli, inkcubeko, imbali ngokusebenzisa isixhobo esiluncwadi lwakhe ukuze ezi ngongoma zikhankanyisweyo zihlale ezincwadini zakhe ezithe zazisele zolwazi, zingabi nakuze zife kuba zililifa lesizwe esiNtsundu, Uninzi loncwadi olubhalwe nguJolobe luthe lwaxoxwa kwesi sifundo, kodwa kuye kwaphonongwa ikakhulu uncwadi lwemibongo, inoveli idrama kuba kubonakele ukuba lo msebenzi ubanzi kakhulu kwaye esi sifundo kubonakele ukuba kungabanzima ukuba singagqibeka lula, kodwa ke uJolobe ubengumntu okhutheleyo. Ubhale incwadi eziliqela ngenxa yothando lwakhe lobhalo loncwadi oluqhutywe ngumbono wakhe wobuthandazwe, wokubona kubalulekile ukuba inani loncwadi olubhaliweyo esiXhoseni linyuke kwaye libe kwizinga eliphezulu, ukuze umzi wasemaXhoseni nowamanye ama-Afrika ngokubanzi ungalambathi ngoncwadi lokufunda ujongelwe phantsi ngokuba semva kwinkqubela phambili zezinye izizwe Ingokuphandle uncwadi lukaJolobe lubonakela luyinxenye yobomi bakhe. Kulunye uncwadi kwakhe kufumaniseka ukuba ukubhale endululwe zizinto ezithe azamphatha kakuhle ebomini bakhe zazaza ezo zinto zawuphazamisa umoya wakhe, nentlalo yakhe wada waqanda ukuba makabhale aphokoze okukuphuphuma kwengcinga zakhe ukuzithuthuzela kwanokuphilisa kwanabanye abantu abathe badibana neenzima ezinjalo zobomi. Umzekelo: iimeko zopolitiko zeli lizwe zithe zabuchaphazela ubomi bakhe, oko kubesisiphumo sokuba abhale incwadi yakhe yedrama apho adiza ngeemeko zokuphatheka kwabantu baseBhayi kwilokishi eyathi yabelwa bona ngurhulumnte wobandlululo, apho ebexelenga khona njengetitshala kwanoMfundisi weliZwi. Kanti noncwadi apho athe wabonisa ukuvuya khona olo luvuyo olusukela kwinto ethe yamvuyisa emalunga nobomi bakhe, izimvo zakhe kwanenkolo yakhe njengomntu, kwanendlela akhule ngayo. Umzekelo, uJolobe uye wazisa abafundi bakhe ukuba iimbalo zakhe zisukele kwizinto ezithe zamchukumisa ebomini bakhe. Ngoko ke kwabonakala ukuba olu phando luluncedo ekusungulweni kweprojekti yokubhalwa kwebhayografi kaJolobe neya kuba luncedo kwimisebenzi yophando olubalulekileyo kuncwadi kuba iincwadi ezinje zityebile ngolwazi olubalulekileyo ekungena kucingelwa ukuba lunokufunyanwa kulo.

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Text in Afrikaans / In die proefskrif word gepoog om die Namibies-Afrikaanse literatuur wat gepubliseer is sedert die twintigerjare (met die verskyning van die eerste Afrikaanse gedigte in Afrikaanse koerante) tot met die onafhanklikwording van die land in Maart 1990, bymekaar te bring, en aan te toon hoe die land en al sy mense daarin na vore kom. Daar is hoofsaaklik gekonsentreer op werke wat by gevestigde Suid-Afrikaanse uitgewerye verskyn het. Altesaam 146 bundels prosa, 35 bundels poesie, twee dramas, en 46 gedigte wat in koerante en tydskrifte verskyn het, geskryf deur 92 skrywers en uitgegee deur 26 uitgewerye-, word in die proefskrif geidentifiseer en bespreek. Talle kenmerke van die land en sy mense vind neerslag in bogenoemde werke. Die meeste werke speel in die noorde van die land en die Namib-woestyn af, en die inheemse bevolkingsgroep wat die sterkste na vore kom, is die Boesmans; klem word veral geplaas op hul gewoontes en gebruike. Die hoofkarakters in die verhale is oorwegend plattelandse blanke boeremense. Die tipiese landsomstandighede sedert die einde van die vorige eeu, toe bloedige stamgevegte in die land gewoed het, tot en met die grensoorlog wat met onafhanklikwording beeindig is, word in die literatuur gereflekteer. Wat die invloed van die land op die mens betref, is dit die ontbering en lyding, maar veral die geestelike verryking wat die land die mens hied, wat na vore kom. In die algemeen openbaar die skrywers 'n oorweldigende positiewe gesindheid teenoor die land en sy mense, hoewel ander nuanserings van gesindheid ook voorkom / In this dissertation an attempt is made to bring together Namibian-Afrikaans literature published since the twenties (when the first Afrikaans poems appeared in the Afrikaans papers), until the independence of the country in March 1990, and to illustrate how the country and its people come to the fore as revealed in the literature. Stress is given mainly to works that were published by established South African publishers. A total of 146 anthologies of narrative prose, 35 anthologies of poetry, two dramatic works, and 46 poems which appeared in papers and periodicals, written by 92 authors and published by 26 publishers, are identified and discussed. Hundreds of features of the country and its people are revealed in the abovementioned literature. Most works take place in the northern regions and the Namib desert and the indigenous people that predominate are the Bushmen; stress is mainly laid on their customs and their habits. The main characters in the narratives are to a large extent white rural people. The literature reflects the typical political circumstances of the country since the end of the previous century when bloody tribal conflicts raged, until the border war that ended with independence. As far as the influence of the country on the people is concerned, it is mainly the hardships and suffering, but above all the spiritual enrichment that the country offered that are ascertained. In general the authors reveal an overwhelmingly positive attitude towards the country and its people / English Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Afrikaans)

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Arts

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稿本 / 論文(碩士)--香港中文大學硏究院中國語言及文學學部,1992. / 參考文獻: leaves 243-257 / 林世鳴. / Chapter 第一章： --- 緒言 --- p.1 / 註釋 --- p.5 / Chapter 第二章： --- 本原論 --- p.8 / Chapter 第一節： --- 據自然之規律 --- p.8 / Chapter 第二節： --- 載儒家之義理 --- p.12 / Chapter 第三節： --- 本作者之修養 --- p.21 / Chapter 第四節： --- 文與道之合一 --- p.26 / Chapter 第五節： --- 文以致用為本 --- p.35 / 小結 --- p.46 / 註釋 --- p.51 / Chapter 第三章： --- 文體論 --- p.61 / Chapter 第一節： --- 文體之重要性 --- p.61 / Chapter 第二節： --- 文體論之源流 --- p.63 / Chapter 一、 --- 文體之源起 --- p.63 / Chapter 二、 --- 文體區分及文體論興起之原因 --- p.66 / Chapter 第三節： --- 姚、曾文體論述評 --- p.70 / Chapter 一、 --- 論著類 --- p.72 / Chapter 二、 --- 詞賦類 --- p.76 / Chapter 三、 --- 序跋類 --- p.80 / Chapter 四、 --- 詔令類 --- p.85 / Chapter 五、 --- 奏議類 --- p.87 / Chapter 六、 --- 書牘類 --- p.89 / Chapter 七、 --- 哀祭類 --- p.93 / Chapter 八、 --- 傳誌類 --- p.95 / Chapter 九、 --- 敘記類及典志類 --- p.98 / Chapter 十、 --- 雜記類 --- p.100 / Chapter 第四節： --- 姚、曾文體論之特色 --- p.102 / Chapter 一、 --- 以簡馭繁，摒除分類繁雜之流弊 --- p.102 / Chapter 二、 --- 駢散兼宗，而不違家法 --- p.104 / Chapter 第五節： --- 桐城後學之補充 --- p.105 / 小結 --- p.108 / 註釋 --- p.110 / Chapter 第四章： --- 創作論 --- p.118 / Chapter 第一節： --- 積學 --- p.118 / Chapter ´ؤ、 --- 博覽 --- p.120 / Chapter 二、 --- 約取 --- p.121 / Chapter 三、 --- 專攻與有恒 --- p.124 / Chapter 第二節： --- 精誦 --- p.127 / Chapter 第三節： --- 圏點 --- p.138 / Chapter 第四節： --- 鈔纂 --- p.142 / Chapter 第五節： --- 摹擬 --- p.145 / Chapter 第六節： --- 命意 --- p.154 / Chapter 第七節： --- 立格 --- p.156 / Chapter 第八節： --- 行氣 --- p.160 / Chapter 第九節： --- 選辭 --- p.163 / Chapter 第十節： --- 增删 --- p.168 / 小結 --- p.169 / 註釋 --- p.171 / Chapter 第五章： --- 風格論 --- p.182 / Chapter 第一節： --- 風格釋義 --- p.182 / Chapter 第二節： --- 風格之形成 --- p.183 / Chapter 第三節： --- 桐城派風格論之發展 --- p.185 / Chapter 一、 --- 方苞以「清真古雅」為宗 --- p.185 / Chapter 二、 --- 劉大櫆對風格多樣性之認識 --- p.189 / Chapter 三、 --- 姚鼐以陽剛陰柔概括文章之風格 --- p.193 / Chapter 四、 --- 桐城派後學之增補 --- p.196 / Chapter 第四節： --- 桐城派風格論之特色 --- p.199 / Chapter 一、 --- 偏好陽剛 --- p.199 / Chapter 二、 --- 不棄陰柔 --- p.216 / Chapter 三、 --- 以陰陽剛柔兼具為文章之至境 --- p.218 / Chapter 第五節： --- 小結 --- p.224 / 註釋 --- p.225 / Chapter 第六章： --- 總結 --- p.235 / 註釋 --- p.241 / 參者書目: --- p.243

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