Thèse (M.Sc.T.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. 103-115. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1986. / Typescript. Abstract in English and French. Bibliography : leaves 416-444. Also available online.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland. / Typescript. Bibliography : leaves 192-215. Also available online.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-04-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:04:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 christofoletti_sr_dr_rcla.pdf: 1228171 bytes, checksum: 4be37129318c771855d0c215241e3fdf (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O Pólo Cerâmico da cidade de Santa Gertrudes localizado na faixa de afloramentos da Formação Corumbataí (NeoPermiano da Bacia do Paraná) é considerado atualmente o maior do país no segmento de revestimento cerâmico. Por ocupar posição de destaque no cenário nacional e internacional, o Pólo necessita de trabalhos específicos que direcionem as empresas instaladas na região na busca da matéria-prima adequada ao seu processo cerâmico. Com este intuito a presente tese teve como objetivo principal identificar as principais litofácies da Formação Corumbataí visando sua aplicação cerâmica. As litofácies reconhecidas na área estudada foram classificadas em duas associações: Associação Siltito Argiloso e Associação Siltito Arenoso. A Associação Siltito Argiloso é constituída pelas litofácies Maciça, Laminada e Alterada e a Associação Siltito Arenoso pelas litofácies Intercalada I e Intercalada II. Estas duas associações foram cartografadas na escala 1:50.000. A Análise Estatística Multivariada de Agrupamento e a Análise Estatística Univariada (Análise de Superfície de Tendência) demonstraram ser ferramentas importantíssimas no tratamento de dados de caracterização cerâmica. A aplicação da Análise de Agrupamento permitiu tecer uma relação entre as características cerâmicas com as faciológicas. Os mapas resultantes da aplicação da Análise Estatística Univariada revelaram importantes resultados na distribuição das médias da composição química e cerâmica nas jazidas ao longo da área de estudo. / Santa Gertrudes Ceramic Cluster, located in the outcrops series of Corumbataí Formation (NeoPermian of Paraná Basin), is considered currently the biggest in national level concerning about floor tiles. As this cluster is a highlight in national and international scene, it needs specific projects in order to guide the industries settled in the region in the quest of the adequate raw material to the ceramic process. Pursuing this purpose the present thesis had as main objective to identify the principal lithofacies from Corumbataí Formation for ceramic uses. The lithofacies recognized in the studied area were rated in two associations (Clay Siltstone Association and Sand Siltstone Association). The Clay Siltstone Association is represented by the Massive, Laminated and Altered lithofacies, and the Sand Siltstone Association is represented by the Intercalated I and Intercalated II lithofacies. These two associations were mapped in a 1:50,000 scale. The Grouping Multivariated Statistical Analysis and the Univariated Statistical Analysis (Trend Surfaces Analysis) proved to be very important tools in the data treatment of ceramic characterization. The application of the grouping Analysis enabled to settle a relation between the ceramic characters and the faciological characters. The resulting maps from the application of the Univariated Statistical Analysis revealed important results in the media distribution of the chemical and ceramic composition in the mines along the studied area.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-02-13T15:55:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Versão_Atualizada.pdf: 11780717 bytes, checksum: ebae4c73ebda2a950ff52becb084b253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-13T15:55:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Versão_Atualizada.pdf: 11780717 bytes, checksum: ebae4c73ebda2a950ff52becb084b253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / FACEPE / As formações geológicas da superfície, tais como formações aluviais,são geralmente constituídos por processos de erosão, transporte e sedimentação, causando considerável heterogeneidade nos parâmetros hidráulicos do solo e no fluxo de água. O conhecimento da arquitetura sedimentar e da distribuição de litofácies são de fundamental importância para a análise do armazenamento das águas subterrâneas. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo aplicar uma abordagem hidrogeofísica, a partir da caracterização geofísica (Radar de Penetração no Solo) das estruturas sedimentares, da caracterização hidráulica in situ (Testes de infiltração Beerkan) e da modelagem matemática (Hydrus 1D) para a verificação do comportamento hidráulico na área escolhida. As identificações das litofácies através do GPR foi possível a partir da visualização dos principais elementos do subsolo, por meio da velocidade de propagação da onda eletromagnética e da reflexão do sinal GPR e suas alterações. Na medida em que as camadas deposicionais vão apresentando mudanças no conteúdo de água, na granulometria, no tipo de sedimento e na orientação dos camadas, o lençol freático, as estruturas sedimentares e os contatos litológicos tendem ser identificados, o que torna o método eficaz para a investigação voltada à hidrogeologia. Para obtenção das propriedades hidráulicas do solo, como as curvas de retenção da água no solo e da condutividade hidráulica, foi utilizado o modelo BEST (Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer Parameters through Infiltration Experiments) também conhecido como Beerkan. Através do programa Hydrus, foi realizada uma simulação simplificada da dinâmica da água no solo em função de alguns cenários considerados no estudo para estimar o armazenamento de água no subsolo em função da precipitação considerada. Foi realizada uma aplicação nas aluviões do leito seco do rio do alto Capibaribe no município de Santa Cruz do Capibaribe. Os resultados mostraram que o GPR foi eficiente no imageamento da subsuperficie a partir do conhecimento da geometria e da estratigrafia do aquífero do leito seco do rio. Observou-se que a heterogeneidade das camadas influi na hidrodinâmica da água no solo e que o Beerkan e o Hydrus são ferramentas adequadas para o melhor entendimento do armazenamento das aluviões de leito secos de rios do semiárido nordestino. / The geological surface features, such as alluvial formations, are often made of erosion, transport and sedimentation, causing considerable heterogeneity in the hydraulic parameters of the soil and the water flow. The knowledge of the sedimentary architecture and distribution of lithofacies are of fundamental importance for the analysis of groundwater storage. This proposed study aims to apply a hydrogeophysics approach from the geophysical characterization (Ground Penetrating Radar) of the sedimentary structures, in situ hydraulic characterization (Beerkan infiltration tests) and mathematical modeling (Hydrus 1D) to checking hydraulic behavior in the chosen area. The identification of lithofacies through the GPR was possible from the view of the main elements of the basement, through the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave and the reflection of the GPR and its amendments. Inasmuch as the depositional layers are showing changes in water content in grain size, type of pellet and the orientation of the layers, the water table, sedimentary structures and lithologic contacts tend to be identified, which makes efficient method for the investigation focused on hydrogeology. To obtain the hydraulic properties of the soil, such as water retention curves in soil and the hydraulic conductivity, BEST (Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer Parameters through Infiltration Experiments) model was used, also known as Beerkan. Through Hydrus program, a simplified simulation of dynamic water was held in the soil due to some scenarios considered in the study to estimate the underground water storage due to the precipitation considered. The application of the reseach was made in the alluvium of the dry bed of the upper Rio Capibaribe in Santa Cruz do Capibaribe. The results showed that the GPR was effective in imaging the subsurface from the knowledge of geometry and stratigraphy of the aquifer dry river bed. It was observed that the heterogeneity of layers influences the water hydrodynamics in the soil and the Beerkan and Hydrus are suitable tools to better understand the storage of dry bed of alluvial rivers of the northeastern semiarid region.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Integrated approaches in the study of petroleum exploration are increasingly becoming significant in recent times and have yielded much better result as oil exploration is a combination of different related topics. The production capacity in hydrocarbon exploration has been the major concern for oil and gas industries. In the present work an integrated approach was made with seismic, well logs and biostratigraphy for predicting the depositional environment and to understand the heterogeneity within the reservoirs belonging to Valanginian (Early Cretaceous) age of Gamtoos Basin, Offshore South Africa. Objectively, the integrated work was mainly based on seismic stratigraphy (seismic sequence and seismic facie analysis) for interpretation of the depositional environments with combination of microfossil biostratigraphic inputs. The biostratigraphic study provides evidences of paleo depth from benthic foraminifera and information about bottom condition within the sedimentary basin, changing of depositional depth during gradual basinal fill during the Valanginian time. The petrophysical characterization of the reservoir succession was based on formation evaluation studies using well logs to investigate the hydrocarbon potential of the reservoir across Valanginian depositional sequence. Further, the static modeling from 2D-seismic data interpreted to a geological map to 3D-numerical modeling by stochastic model to quantify the evaluation of uncertainty for accurate characterisation of the reservoir sandstones and to provide better understanding of the spatial distribution of the discrete and continuous Petrophysical properties within the study area.

The upper Mississippian (Chesterian) Little Stone Gap Member of the Hinton Formation in southern West Virginia was evaluated for its lithofacies and faunal composition. Petrographic and multivariate analyses were used to provide a better understanding of the ecological factors and sequence stratigraphic processes that controlled taxa ordinations and spatiotemporal shifts in facies. Six carbonate and three siliciclastic facies occur within the study interval and these facies stack into two distinct parasequence types. Siliciclastic facies were deposited in continental, low-energy lagoonal and marginal marine environments. Carbonate facies record variable energy conditions in lagoonal, shoal, shoal flank and open marine settings. Parasequence stacking patterns are interpreted as resulting from regional fifth-order glacioeustatic sea-level changes consistent with established age constraints for fourth-order sequences. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) of paleontological bulk samples produced similar differentiation of habitats into carbonates and siliciclastics thereby demonstrating the importance of interpreting ordination patterns within a facies framework. The combined DCA analysis of samples and taxa indicates that bryozoans, crinoids and rugose corals preferentially occur in carbonate facies whereas brachiopods, the most dominant taxon, are abundant in both. Results suggest the presence of significant paleoenvironmental gradients in fossil associations that correlates to changes in hydrodynamic conditions and substrate composition across the depositional system. / Master of Science

Subsurface data derived from ~388 ft of drill core from Martin County (TX) were used to understand the depositional setting of the Wolfcamp-D, a petroleum producing interval in the Midland Basin. Elemental geochemistry collected via x-ray fluorescence revealed a highly variable depositional history marked by the deposition of diverse siliciclastic and carbonate lithofacies. Integration of multiple datasets resulted in the interpretation of nine lithofacies, whose deposition appears cyclical. Correlations between molybdenum and total organic carbon indicate slow recharge of bottom waters and anoxic/euxinicconditions within the basin. The presence of phosphatic nodules coinciding with siliceous black mudrocks suggested high levels of primary productivity driven by upwelling. High-frequency sea level variability, driven by far-field glaciation and regional paleoclimate, were key controls on both the chemostratigraphy and lithofacies. Along-strike variability is seen throughout the basin due to paleobathymetry, proximity and connections to paleochannels, and localized structures. Rhenium-osmium (Re/Os) geochronology was conducted on siliceous mudrocks with high total organic carbon. A depositional age of 300 ± 18 Ma was obtained, partially confirming previous correlations to shelf biostratigraphic data. Scatter in the Re/Os data is likely due to mixing in the basin or non-hydrogenous Os incorporated into the analysis due to the method of preparation.

In this paper, we design and develop a new software tool that helps automatic lithofacies segmentation from geological data. Lithofacies is a crucial problem in reservoir characterization, and our study intends to prove that soft computing techniques like Wavelet transform modulus maxima lines (WTMM) and Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) approaches allow a geological lithology segmentation from differed well logging. On one hand, WTMM proves to be useful for delimitation of each layer. We based on its sensitivity on the presence of more than one layer, On the other hand, DFA is used to enhance the estimation if the roughness coefficient of each lithology. We use them jointly to segment the lithofacies of boreholes located in the Algerian Sahara. Obtained results are encouraging to publish this method, because the principal benefit is economic.

Foraminiferal data analysis and lithofacies analysis of a three-well transect through the Middle Eocene Yegua Formation in southeast Texas provide insights into the depositional and paleoenvironmental history of the Gulf of Mexico Basin. Vertical and downdip changes in the lithology of the Yegua Formation in the three wells represents the depositional environments of a delta system that prograded onto the continental shelf, updip from the shelf margin. Two progradational episodes and two marine transgressions of the Yegua delta system occurred within this interval of the Yegua Formation in southeast Texas. Factor analysis of benthic foraminiferal census data reveals five major recurring assemblages of benthic foraminifera. These assemblages, or biofacies, occupied environments ranging from marginal marine to normal marine, middle-to-outer shelf environments. The stratigraphic relationships of the five biofacies show paleoenvironmental complexities that are not readily apparent from the lithofacies analysis. Integration of lithologic data and nonforaminiferal paleontologic data with the foraminiferal data produces a detailed paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Yegua shelf in dip direction. Comparison of the foraminiferal data from the Yegua Formation with modern foraminiferal data from the Gulf of Mexico indicates that several properties of modern foraminiferal assemblages are similar to the foraminiferal assemblages of the Yegua Formation. Generic predominance, species diversity, and planktic to benthic ratios of modem foraminiferal assemblages can be used to help determine the paleoenvironmental significance of the Yegua foraminiferal assemblages. These properties of modern foraminiferal assemblages are not exact analogs for Middle Eocene assemblages and should be applied with caution. / text