Lake biotic responses to natural climate variability, fire disturbances, and human impacts over the Holocene were studied at two proximate sites in southwestern Québec. Sediments from Lac Noir and Lac Brûlé had annually deposited laminations (varves), enabling for the precise dating of continuous time-series and high-resolution analysis of subfossil diatom assemblages. The Lac Noir (45°46’31”N, 75°8’23”W, 176 m a.s.l.) record spanned ~11000 years of the Holocene. Stratigraphic changes in diatom assemblages of the lake could be divided into early, mid-, and late periods, broadly paralleling Milankovitch-scale climate intervals and vegetation changes inferred from regional palynological records. The early Holocene (11.1-8.0 ka) climate was cooler and dry, vegetation in the region was comprised of Picea-dominated woodlands, and the lake diatom flora included primarily benthic taxa. Warming in the mid-Holocene (8.0-3.6 ka) allowed for stabilization of soils and forests in the catchment, stronger thermal stratification in the lake, and resultant increases in oligo-mesotrophic diatom taxa such as Discostella stelligera. During the late Holocene (3.6 ka to present), an increase in the abundance of deciduous trees (e.g. Betula and Alnus) in response to cooling led to nutrient-enrichment and higher overall lake productivity. The record from Lac Brûlé (45°43’09”N, 75°26’32”W, 270 m a.s.l.) encompassed the last ~1200 years of the late Holocene. Generalized additive models (GAM) revealed a tight coupling between diatoms and catchment-mediated processes (e.g. vegetation and disturbances), which were closely aligned with climate variations. During the Medieval Warm Period (800-1300 CE), pollen-based inferences of warmer summer temperatures were associated with high abundances of Cyclotella bodanica var. intermedia and Cyclotella rossii; this signalled oligotrophic lake conditions and prolonged thermal stratification. The onset of the Little Ice Age (1450-1850 CE) marked a cooling in the region, and a decline in Tabellaria flocculosa str. IIIp indicated increased nutrient loading from the catchment area. Situated less than 300m from Lac Brûlé are remnants of the Wallingford-Back Mine, which ran from 1924-1972 CE; activities at the mine resulted in local changes to nutrient availability and primary productivity at this site. In previous studies of both Lac Noir and Lac Brûlé, pollen records had indicated overall similarities in the vegetation histories in response to climate variability during the late Holocene. Diatom assemblages were influenced by individual lake conditions and were thus unique to each site; nevertheless, they were closely linked with local and regional patterns of vegetation composition. A main point of difference in the paleo-records from both lakes was attributed to a local fire in the Lac Brûlé catchment at 1345 CE, which caused an early decline in hemlock (Tsuga). The decrease in hemlock was seen at Lac Noir only centuries later, and diatoms in each lake responded according to vegetation changes within their own respective catchments. This research shows that high-resolution sampling of lake sediments is able to detect diatom responses to both long-term and abrupt changes in the environment. Individual sites show similarly timed responses of other proxy-indicators, such as pollen and cladocera, to climate and land-use changes. However, distinct differences in the aquatic biota of well-dated proximate sites can be used to identify influences of regional climate variations, which are sometimes masked by localized, non-climatic processes.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / The Western Klein Karoo-Montagu area is located in the mid-eastern of the Western Cape Province , South Africa. In most of the study areas within semi-arid climatic zone , groundwater plays an important role in meeting both agricultural and urban water requirements. Developments of agriculture depend on more and more groundwater supply from Table Mountain Group (TMG) sandstone aquifer system in the study area. Groundwater recharge is considered as one of the most important factors governing the sustainable yield of groundw ater exploitation. There have been few studies on the recharge estimation of the TMG aquifer system in the Montagu area. Thus accurate and reliable recharge estimation of the TMG aquifer system in the Montagu area is important. The TMG aquifer in the Montagu area comprises approximate 4,000m thick sequence of sandstone with an outcrop area of 3,124 km2, which is recharge area. The outcrops are characterized by mountainous topography with sparse to dense vegetation, shallow and intermittent diverse soils and mean annual rainfall of 350-450 mm/yr. Based on detail analysis and interpretation of factors influencing recharge, water balance method is used to estimate recharge rates by using readily available data (rainfall, runoff, temperatures). Other estimate methods are difficult to be applied due to the limited information available in the study area. In this study, the water balance approach based on empirical evapotranspiration and runoff model is employed to determine and analyse long-term average water recharge. The long-term average recharge is modelled as a function of the regional interaction of the site conditions: climate, soil, geology and topography. Modelling is performed according to the outlined procedure using long-term climatic and physical data from the different rainfall period of different gauge stations. As results, actual evapotranspiration, direct runoff and recharge have been quantified. The recharge ranges vary from 0.1 mm/yr to 38.0 mm/yr in the study area, and the values less than 20.0 mm/yr are predominant. Relatively low recharge rates coincide with low precipitation in most regions. Recharge is less than 5.0 mm/yr if mean annual precipitation (MAP) is less than 400 mm/yr. The ranges of 10.0-20.0 mm/yr of recharge occur in precipitation ranging from 600 mm/yr to 1,200 mm/yr. The recharge rates exceeding 20.0 mm/yr are more related to the precipitation with 800 mm/yr or more. The low recharge rates less than 2.0 mm/yr are related to single high rainfall event in the study area. The total recharge volume of the outcrop of the TMG in the study area is approximately 54.2× 106m3/yr . Approximately 29.3% of the stream flow may be contributed by recharge in terms of baseflow. The recharge in the study area increases with increasing precipitation, but recharge percentage is non-linear relationship with the precipitation. Separate high rainfall events mainly contribute recharge if annual precipitation is extremely low in the study area. Spatial distribution of recharge is associated with the variations in precipitation, geological and geomorphologic settings in the study area. The method used yields a point estimate and then ext rapolate s to the whole study area. The ranges of recharge may be exaggerated or underestimated due to the finite number of the rainfall stations in the outcrop of the TMG of the study area. After comparison to other recharge estimates from early studies in the area, the estimates are considered as reasonable and reliable. The feasibility of the water balance approach in semi-arid area is confirmed as well. The estimates based on the water balance model should be crosschecked before they are applied for management of groundwater resources. / South Africa

<p>In this dissertation, I analyze the Brony community to better understand reconstituted forms of masculinity. Specifically, I focus on the following questions: What does it mean when men incorporate what has traditionally been viewed as stigmatized or feminine into their gender presentations? How do these forms of masculinity represent a challenge to gender politics and how do they reinforce gender inequality? How do women navigate spaces defined by reconstituted forms of masculinity? In what ways do women within these spaces both challenge and maintain power relations? I address these questions through an analysis of interviews with 43 men and women who are fans of <i>My Little Pony </i>and ethnographic observations at four <i>My Little Pony </i>fan conventions. In doing so, this dissertation nuances and extends the literature on reconstituted forms of masculinity, including hybrid masculinities. </p>

“Southern Fringes: Little Magazines and Larry Brown’s Early Short Fiction” seeks to revitalize and expand the scholarly field of the New Southern Studies, employing textuality, book history, and postcritique perspectives towards the study of literary events and objects. Whereas the New Southern Studies rightly problematizes and dismantles notions of the signifier southern named in connection with literary works, such approaches often ignore paratextual elements, including material and sociological features, that work to frame and support these narratives. This dissertation addresses such shortcomings, arguing that paratextual formations function as vital spaces for constructing senses of southernness in service of both bibliographic identity and readers’ literary discernments. Exploring public epitext in a variety of locations, as well as four cases of Larry Brown’s short stories appearing in Mississippi Review, The Greensboro Review, and The Chattahoochee Review, this dissertation demonstrates how Brown’s writing emerges as southern fringe: a joint presence of autobiographic, material, perceptual, and other paratextual elements that frame Brown’s writing in unique locales outside of the literary mainstream. This dissertation's implications include adopting a mode of reading and analysis, focusing on case studies and surface readings of paratext serving specific bibliographic documents, as a way to move beyond generalizing and broad claims about the nature, function, and interpretation of literature. Additionally, this dissertation focuses on little magazines, materiality, and paratext as expanded sites and perspectives for the continued growth and development of interdisciplinary humanities fields such as the New Southern Studies. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Uppsatsen önskade undersöka karaktärerna Jo och Amy samt deras relation i Greta Gerwigs film Little Women (2019) ur ett feministiskt perspektiv. Detta gjordes genom att jämföra gestaltningen av dem i Gillian Armstrongs filmadaption av Little Women från 1994 och genom att utgå från Jens Eders karaktärsklocka och feministisk filmteori. Analysen visade distinkta skillnader i gestaltningarna av och relationen mellan karaktärerna samt att dessa innebär ett starkare feministiskt budskap i Gerwigs film. Resultatet visade att Jo hade en än mer feministisk betydelse än i Armstrongs film eftersom hon tydligare motsätter sig hur ett lyckligt slut för en kvinna måste innebära äktenskap med en man. Hon hade också mer tydligt feministiska åsikter och tankar som presenterades i Gerwigs tillagda repliker. Amy fick mer moderna och feministiska värderingar än samma karaktär i Armstrongs film. Amys ambition att bli en duktig konstnär visade enligt denna analys på motivationer utöver de att gifta sig och gjorde att hon indirekt motsäger att hon som kvinna endast är lämpad som fru och i relation till en man. Med hjälp av Eders karaktärsklocka och feministisk filmteori kunde analysen också visa att en karaktärs feministiska budskap kan fokuseras till deras inre aspekter, deras sociala roller, deras symbol och deras symptom. Den yttre aspekten och därmed den visuella njutningen är inte av betydelse för filmens feministiska budskap utan detta kan fokuseras på karaktärernas andra, ovan nämnda, aspekter. Avslutningsvis redovisades hur åskådarens subjektiva upplevelse inte var av väsentlighet eftersom identifiering med karaktärernas känslor och värderingar tillräckligt tydligt förmedlade filmens feministiska budskap.

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A large, multi-basin reservoir (Garza-Little Elm Reservoir) in north central Texas was studied to determine the relative effects of various parameters on primary productivity. The basins were impounded several years apart, thus allowing the influence of age on water chemistry and biota to be considered. Another principal influence on water quality was secondary sewage effluent that entered one basin from a nearby source.

In this study an effort was made to determine by analysis the principal minerals that are dissolved in the water of the Little Wichita River.

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