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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Significance of thrombospondin 1 (THBS 1) in hepatocellular carcinoma

Chung, Ka-kit., 鍾家傑. January 2003 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Surgery / Master / Master of Philosophy
2

Effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) induced cytotoxicity.

January 1999 (has links)
by Chan Hoi Tak. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-137). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgment --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Abstract (Chinese Version) --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.vi / Contents --- p.viii / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Aflatoxins --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- AFB1 Metabolism --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Bioactivation --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Detoxification --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Toxicity of AFB1 --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2 --- Licorice Plants --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Glycyrrhizic Acid (GA) --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Metabolism of GA --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Adverse Effects of GA --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3 --- Aim of Research --- p.19 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1 --- Cell cultures --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Isolation of splenocytes --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Culture of cell lines --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Trypsinziation of cells --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Preparation of drugs --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Preparation of commercially available chemicals for cell culture --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Preparation of Licorice extracts for cell culture --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Preparation of chemicals for enzymatic reaction --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- Cytotoxicity assay Methods --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- MTT assay --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Neutral red assay --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4 --- Cytotoxicity Assay --- p.32 / Chapter 2.5 --- Chemoprotection assay --- p.32 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Direct addition of drugs --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Pretreatment of cells --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Culture of cells with drugs --- p.34 / Chapter 2.6 --- Preparation of enzymes --- p.36 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Preparation of cells --- p.36 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Pretreatment of rat microsomes --- p.36 / Chapter 2.7 --- Bradford Assay --- p.37 / Chapter 2.8 --- Alkoxyresorufin O-Dealkylase assay --- p.39 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Effects of AFB1 on P450 --- p.44 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- Effects of drugs on P450 --- p.44 / Chapter 2.9 --- Glutathione-S-transferase assay --- p.44 / Chapter 2.9.1 --- GST assay in rat microsomal fractions --- p.48 / Chapter 2.9.1.1 --- Effects of AFB1 on GST --- p.48 / Chapter 2.9.1.2 --- Effects of drugs on GST --- p.48 / Chapter 2.9.2 --- GST assay in crude fractions from cells --- p.48 / Chapter 2.9.2.1 --- Direct addition effects of drugs on GST --- p.48 / Chapter 2.9.2.2 --- Effects of drug-containing medium on GST --- p.49 / RESULTS / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- CELL CULTURES --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1 --- Cytotoxicity assay --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Cytotoxicity of AFB1 --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- Cytotoxicity of AFB1 to splenocytes --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Cytotoxicity of AFB1 to cell lines --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Cytotoxicity of drugs to cell lines --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2 --- Chemoprotection assay --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Direct addition of drugs --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Pretreatment of cells with drugs --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Culture of cells with drugs --- p.83 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- ENZYMATIC ASSAYS --- p.87 / Chapter 4.1 --- Alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylase assay --- p.88 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Effects of AFB1 on P450s --- p.88 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Effects of GA on P450s --- p.92 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Effects of EX on P450s --- p.95 / Chapter 4.2 --- Glutathione -S- transferase assay --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Effects of drugs on GST in cells --- p.100 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Effects of AFB1 and drugs on GST from rats --- p.108 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Effects of AFB1 on GST from rats --- p.108 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Effects of drugs on GST from rats --- p.112 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- DISCUSSION --- p.115 / Chapter 5.1 --- Cytotoxicity of AFB1 --- p.118 / Chapter 5.2 --- "Cytotoxicity of EX, GA and AA" --- p.119 / Chapter 5.3 --- Chemoprotection of GA and EX on AFB1 cytotoxicity --- p.121 / Chapter 5.4 --- Effects of GA and EX on enzymes involved in AFB1 metabolism --- p.123 / REFERENCES --- p.129
3

Effects of gambogic acid on human hepatoma cells. / 藤黃酸對肝癌細胞的作用 / Teng huang suan dui gan ai xi bao de zuo yong

January 2008 (has links)
Lee, Ngan Hon. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-133). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.IV / Abstract --- p.V / 論文摘要 --- p.VII / Table of Contents --- p.IX / List of Figures --- p.XI / List of Abbreviations --- p.XIII / Chapter 1 Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Risk factors --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Molecular mechanism of HCC --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Treatment of HCC --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2 --- Gambogic acid (GA) - a compound derived from Tradition Chinese Medicine (TCM) --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Gambogic acid --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3 --- Molecular mechanism of apoptosis --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Overview of apoptosis --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Caspases cascade --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Bcl-2 family --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Mitochondria in apoptosis --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4 --- Apoptosis as a strategy for cancer therapies --- p.26 / Chapter 1.5 --- Aims of study --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1 --- Cell culture and treatment --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Cell lines used --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Gambogic acid (GA) --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Preparation of solutions --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Procedures --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2 --- Apoptotic detection --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Preparation of solutions --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Procedures --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3 --- Effects of GA on gene expression in HepG2 --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Chemicals and Reagents --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Preparation of solutions --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Procedures --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4 --- Protein expression in GA-induced apoptotic cells --- p.51 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Chemicals and Reagents --- p.51 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Preparation of solution --- p.51 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Procedures --- p.54 / Chapter 2.5 --- Caspase cascade study in GA-induced apoptosis --- p.60 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.60 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Procedures --- p.60 / Chapter 2.6 --- Downregulation of mRNA using siRNA vector --- p.62 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- siRNA expression vector --- p.62 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Chemicals and Reagents --- p.63 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Preparation of solution --- p.63 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Procedures --- p.64 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1 --- GA induces apoptosis in hepatocellular cells --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2 --- Effects of gene expression in HCC --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3 --- Caspase cascade studies in GA-induced apoptosis --- p.83 / Chapter 3.4 --- Caspase 8 activation in GA-treated cells lead to Bid cleavage --- p.89 / Chapter 3.5 --- GA induces Bax conformational changes and cytochrome c release --- p.95 / Chapter 3.6 --- Levels of protein players involved in apoptosis and cell cycle --- p.101 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.106 / References --- p.120
4

Human bone marrow stromal cells have mitogenic activity on SK-Hep-1 cells.

January 2001 (has links)
Siu, Yeung Tung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-75). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Title Page --- p.i / Abstract in English --- p.ii / Abstract in Chinese --- p.iii / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v-viii / List of Figures --- p.ix / List of Tables --- p.x / Abbreviations --- p.xi-xii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Growth factors involved in hepatocytes proliferation --- p.1-6 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Other comitogens --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Bone marrow stromal cells and hepatocytes proliferation --- p.7-12 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Role of bone marrow stromal cells in bone marrow --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Bone marrow as a source of hepatic oval cells --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Growth factors secreted by bone marrow stromal cells involved in hepatocytes proliferation --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Endocrine in hepatocytes proliferation --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objective of this study --- p.13-15 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Cell cultures --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- Selection of human hepatic cell line for the detection of mitogenic activity --- p.17-18 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- "Enrichment of human hepatic cell lines, Hep 3B, Hep G2, C3A, SK-Hep-1 and Chang cells at G0-G1 phases by serum deprivation" --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- "Incubation of serum deprived Hep 3B, Hep G2, C3A, SK- Hep-1 and Chang cells with mitogenic stimuli" --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- "Detection of mitogenic activity of human bone marrow stromal cells on the selected cell line, SK-Hep-1 cells" --- p.18-20 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Partially growth arrested human SK-Hep-1 cells --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Human bone marrow stromal cells --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Bone marrow stromal cellular extract --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Total protein assay --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Incubation of SK-Hep-1 cells with bone marrow stromal cellular extracts --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- Characterization of hepatocyte mitogenic activity of bone marrow stromal cellular extract --- p.21-22 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Dialysis --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Temperature treatment --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Proteolysis --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Performing a preliminary test on the difference between bone marrow stromal cellular extract and other growth factors --- p.22-26 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Incubation of SK-Hep-1 cells with bone marrow stromal cellular extract or other growth factors --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Metabolic labeling of SK-Hep-1 cells with [32P]orthophosphate --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Incubation of labeled SK-Hep-1 cells with bone marrow stromal cellular extract or other growth factors --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- SK-Hep-1 cells lysate extraction --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Two-dimensional electrophoresis --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.5.1 --- First dimension isoelectric focusing --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.5.2 --- Second dimension sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.6 --- Amplification of radiolabeled signal by EN3HANCE --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.7 --- Visualization of autoradiography --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.8 --- Visualization by silver staining --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Selection of human hepatic cell line for the detection of mitogenic activity --- p.27-30 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- "Enrichment of human hepatic cell lines, Hep 3B, Hep G2, C3A, SK-Hep-1 and Chang cells at G0-G1 phases by serum deprivation" --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- DNA synthesis of hepatic cell lines in response to 10 % FBS after serum deprivation --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- "Detection of mitogenic activity of human bone marrow stromal cells on the selected cell line, SK-Hep-1 cells" --- p.31-39 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Cell cycle distribution of partially growth arrested SK-Hep-1 cells in response to mitogens --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Time course on DNA synthesis of partially growth arrested SK-Hep-1 cells in response to FBS and bone marrow stromal cellular extract --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Dose response on DNA synthesis of partially growth arrested SK-Hep-1 cells in response to bone marrow stromal cellular extracts --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- Characterization of hepatocyte mitogenic activity of bone marrow stromal cellular extract --- p.40-44 / Chapter 3.4 --- Performing a preliminary test on the difference between bone marrow stromal cellular extract and other growth factors --- p.45-49 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Mitogenic response of SK-Hep-1 cells in response to bone marrow stromal cellular extract and other growth factors --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Early intracellular signaling of SK-Hep-1 cells in response to bone marrow stromal cellular extract and other growth factors --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- Selection of human hepatic cell line for the detection of mitogenic activity --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2 --- "Mitogenic activity of human bone marrow stromal cells on the selected cell line, SK-Hep-1 cells" --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3 --- Characterization of hepatocyte mitogenic activity of bone marrow stromal cellular extract --- p.52 / Chapter 4.4 --- Performing a preliminary test on the difference between bone marrow stromal cellular extract and other growth factors --- p.53 / Chapter 4.5 --- Possible directions for future investigation --- p.55 / Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusions --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Appendices / Chapter 5.1 --- Reagents and solutiuons --- p.57-64 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Selection of human hepatic cell line for the detection of mitogenic activity --- p.57 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- "Detection of mitogenic activity of human bone marrow stromal cells on the selected cell line, SK-Hep-1 cells" --- p.59 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Characterization of hepatocyte mitogenic activity of bone marrow stromal cellular extract --- p.60 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Performing a preliminary test on the difference between bone marrow stromal cellular extract and other growth factors --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- References --- p.65-75
5

ZBP-89 enhances Bak expression and causes apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

January 2009 (has links)
To, Ka Yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-120). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / 中文摘要 --- p.vi / List of abbreviations --- p.ix / List of tables --- p.xii / List of figures --- p.xiii / Contents --- p.xvi / Chapter Chapter One: --- General introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- ZBP-89 structure and its expression in cancers --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Transcriptional regulation of ZBP-89 --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Apoptosis and necrosis --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Mechanisms of Apoptosis --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Bcl-2 family --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5 --- Regulation of p53 cancer cells --- p.12 / Chapter 1.6 --- The aim of the study --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Up-regulation of Bak expression by Ad-ZBP-89 induce apoptosis in human liver cancer cells --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Cell culture --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- RT-PCR --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Western blotting --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.4. --- Adenovirus infection and Cell viability assay --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.5. --- Detection of apoptosis --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.6. --- RNA interference --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.7. --- Statistical analysis --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3. --- Results --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Endogenous expression of ZBP-89 and Bak of human liver cancer cells --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Effects of Ad-ZBP-89 on proliferation in HCC cell lines --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Effects of Ad-ZBP-89 on the expression of Bcl-2 family members --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.4. --- ZBP-89 induced Bak expression and release of cytochrome c --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.5. --- Effects of Ad-ZBP-89 on apoptosis rate in HCC cell lines --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.6. --- Effects of ZBP-89 siRNA on expression of Bcl-2 family members and proliferation in HCC cell lines --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.7. --- Effects of Bak siRNA and its combined effect with Ad-ZBP-89 on the expression of Bak and reduced apoptosis in HCC cell lines --- p.50 / Chapter 2.4. --- Discussion --- p.55 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Identification of ZBP-89 protein as an apoptosis activator for a pro-apoptotic Bak gene promoter --- p.60 / Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Cell lines and tissues --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Transient transfection and Luciferase activity assay --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- pGL3-Bak-promoter vector construction --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.4. --- "Preparation of mitochondrial, cytosolic and nuclear fractions" --- p.74 / Chapter 3.2.5. --- Electrophoretic mobility shift assay --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.6. --- Overexpression of Bak --- p.76 / Chapter 3.2.7. --- RT-PCR and Western blot analysis on HCC tissues samples --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.8. --- Statistical Analysis --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3. --- Results --- p.81 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- ZBP-89 activates Bak-luciferase promoter genes in HCC cells --- p.81 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- ZBP-89 activates shortened Bak-luc-promoter in PLC/PRF/5 and SK-Hep-1 cells --- p.82 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- ZBP-89 is a potential binding protein to the Bak promoter gene region -457/-407 --- p.85 / Chapter 3.3.4. --- The combined effects of Bak overexpression and Ad-ZBP-89 induce apoptosis in HCC cells --- p.89 / Chapter 3.3.5. --- The combined effects on Bak protein expression --- p.94 / Chapter 3.3.6. --- Bak expression in HCC tissues --- p.98 / Chapter 3.4. --- Discussion --- p.99 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Conclusion and Future Perspectives --- p.104 / Chapter 4.1. --- Conclusion --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2. --- Future Perspectives --- p.112 / Reference --- p.113
6

Cadmium-induced Cytotoxicity in a Zebrafish Liver Cell-line ZFL. / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection

January 2012 (has links)
Zhu, Jinyong. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-139). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.
7

Role of Brain-and reproductive-organs-specific (BRE) gene in liver.

January 2007 (has links)
Wong, Chi Bun. / Thesis submitted in: Nov 2006. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-127). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / 摘要 --- p.v / Abbreviations --- p.vii / List of Table and Figures --- p.ix / Table of Contents --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Identification of the proteins regulated by BRE when BRE was over-expressed or silencedin C2C12 and D122 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- What is BRE? --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- BRE gene is Highly Conserved --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- BRE binds to the Intracellular Domain of TNFR1 and Fas --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- BRE Suppresses Apoptosis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- "BRE forms a Holoenzyme Complex with BRCA1, BARD1 and BRCC36" --- p.4 / Chapter 1.16 --- Roles of the Differentially Expressed Proteins Identified in the siRNA knockdown Experiments --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.6.1 --- Akt3 --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.6.2 --- Mdm2/4 --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.6.3 --- Prohibitin --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.6.4 --- Carbonic Anhydrase III --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.6.5 --- 26S Proteasome --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Role of BRE in Liver: a morphological approach --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The General Structure of the Liver. --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- The Essential Functions of the Liver --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Inflammation of the Liver --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Hepatitis --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Acute Hepatitis --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.3.3 --- Chronic Hepatitis --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Necrosis and Apoptosis --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- The Apoptotic Pathway --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Hepatic Necrosis is Divided into Different Zones --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.6.1 --- Hepatitis Necrosis is Categorized into 3 Zones --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.7 --- Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4) --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.8 --- TNFa is a Pleiotropic Cytokine --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Objectives of This Project --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- p.21 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1 --- Animals --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- Adminstration of Carbon Tetrachloride and Corn Oil --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- Cell Cultures --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Cell Culturing --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Gene Silencing with Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Transfection with BRE siRNA --- p.24 / Chapter 2.6 --- Cell Proliferation Assays --- p.24 / Chapter 2.7 --- In-Situ Hybridization of BRE Sense and Antisense Probes --- p.25 / Chapter 2.8 --- Immunohistological Staining --- p.26 / Chapter 2.9 --- Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR --- p.28 / Chapter 2.10 --- Comparative Proteomics --- p.29 / Chapter 2.10.1 --- Sample Preparation for Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis --- p.29 / Chapter 2.10.2 --- Two Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis --- p.30 / Chapter 2.10.3 --- In-Gel Digestion and MALDI-TOF Analysis --- p.31 / Chapter 2.11 --- Western Blotting --- p.32 / Chapter 2.12 --- Flow Cytometry --- p.34 / Chapter 2.13 --- Haematoxylin and Eosin Staining (H&E) --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- p.36 / Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1 --- BRE expression in C2C12 cells --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Comparative Proteomic Profile of BRE silenced C2C12 cells --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of Silencing BRE on C2C12 cell Proliferation --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effects of BRE over-expression in D122 cells --- p.54 / Chapter 3.5 --- BRE Expression in the Liver --- p.62 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Histological Analysis of Liver Sections after 24 hours of CCL4 Insult --- p.62 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- BRE Expression in the Liver --- p.62 / Chapter 3.6 --- Histological Study of Liver Treated with CCL4 --- p.67 / Chapter 3.7 --- BRE Expression in Experimental Liver --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- p.92 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.92 / Chapter 4.1 --- Expression of BRE in C2C12 --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Regulatory Function of BRE --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3 --- The Relationship Between BRE and p53 --- p.98 / Chapter 4.4 --- The Relationship Between BRE and NFkB --- p.104 / Chapter 4.5 --- BRE Expression in Normal Control and CCL4 Treated Livers --- p.105 / Chapter 4.6 --- A Possible Explanation for the Necrosis Pattern Observed --- p.107 / Chapter 4.7 --- The Relationship Between BRE and the TNF Receptors --- p.109 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- p.112 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion and Future Prospects --- p.112 / References --- p.116

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