Some of the major problems faced by pig farmers are the oscillations of supply of grains commonly used in animal feed, to reduce the impacts caused by the fluctuating prices, has used low cost alternative foods. Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) is important to humans as a source of carbohydrates and has excellent nutritional quality for animal feed, among its byproducts can cite Manipueira, however, become necessary feasibility studies on its use in the husbandry of swine in growing and finishing due to the presence of the toxic principle known as hydrocyanic acid. For this purpose, it is recommended to reduce the concentration of antinutritional factors and assess the availability of nutrients present in food for use in feed for pigs. In this context, this study aimed evaluate the use of liquid residue of the cassava in different inclusion levels in diets for pigs of average initial weight of 38 kg to slaughter, making the characterization of liquid residue of the cassava to be included diets and verifying the influence of inclusion on the performance, organ weights, pH of the stomach and economic feasibility of using this product. / Uns dos grandes problemas enfrentados pelos produtores de suínos são as oscilações de oferta de grãos comumente usados na alimentação animal, para reduzir os impactos provocados por essa oscilação de preços, tem-se utilizado alimentos alternativos de baixo custo. A mandioca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) é importante para os seres humanos como fonte de carboidratos e possui excelente qualidade nutritiva para a alimentação animal, entre seus subprodutos podemos citar a manipueira, no entanto, tornam-se necessários estudos sobre a sua viabilidade no desempenho zootécnico de suínos na fase de crescimento e terminação, devido a presença do princípio tóxico conhecido como acido cianídrico. Para tal propósito, recomenda-se reduzir a concentração dos fatores antinutricionais e avaliar a disponibilidade dos nutrientes presentes neste alimento para sua utilização na alimentação de suínos. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização da manipueira em diferentes níveis de inclusão nas dietas de suínos de peso médio inicial de 38 kg ao abate, realizando a caracterização da manipueira a ser inclusa as dietas e verificando a influencia dessa inclusão sobre o desempenho, peso de órgãos, pH do estomago e viabilidade econômica da utilização desse subproduto.

Master of Science / Department of Agronomy / Walter H. Fick / Patch-burn grazing is a relatively new concept in terms of rangeland management. While numerous benefits have been associated with this system, in the tallgrass prairie of Kansas, cattle production and sustainability of rangeland are critical. In 2006, 253 ha at the KSU Bressner Range Research Unit in Woodson County, Kansas were subjected to spring patch-burn grazing (using one-third portions) and traditional full-burn grazing. Each treatment within the split-block design was replicated four times for 3 years. The objectives were to evaluate whether livestock performance would be compromised under this grazing system, to monitor the health of the rangeland, and to observe the usefulness of this tool as a potential control of the invasive plant sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don]. In regards to cattle performance, burn treatments had no significant difference in average daily gain (p≥0.10) in any of the 3 years. On average, cattle utilized 61% of the current year’s forage production in patch-burned portions, which was higher (p≤0.10) than that of unburned (30%) and full-burn (41%) portions. Results of the botanical composition show forb and woody plant composition did not differ between treatments, however differences (p≤0.10) were present in grass composition. Total annual grasses increased 19.1 percentage units under patch-burn and 2.1 units under full-burn, while total perennial grasses decreased 18.4 and 1.1 units, respectively. When evaluated by treatment area (one-third portion), results indicated that the 3-year cycle did allow enough time for recovery. At 2 years after treatment (2-YAT), no significant difference in composition(p≥0.10) was present between initial patch-burn portions and the full-burn pastures. Finally, in only 1 year of the study did cattle statistically consume a greater percentage of sericea lespedeza plants (p≤0.10) in the patch-burned portions (92%) than in full-burned pastures (35%). Biomass utilization did not differ (p≥0.10) between burn treatments. Surprisingly, there was a trend for the number of plants in the sampled areas of the patch-burn portions to decrease throughout the cycle. However, at the conclusion of the 3-year cycle, sericea densities did not differ(p≥0.10) between treatments. Patch-burn grazing shows promise as a potential management tool for Kansas land managers.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:29:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ja_me_sjrp.pdf: 532607 bytes, checksum: fa6463333af7dc34ef59d3dc24603f96 (MD5) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características do javaporco (Sus scrofa javaporco) por meio dos parâmetros zootécnicos e tecnológicos. Os dados zootécnicos foram medidos pela avaliação do consumo de ração, do ganho de peso e da conversão alimentar desse animal. Quanto aos aspectos nutricionais, foram realizadas análises da composição centesimal básica (umidade, proteínas, lipídeos, cinzas e carboidratos) e análises quanto à presença/ausência de Salmonella sp.. Para tais estudos, os animais foram divididos em quatro lotes, cada um contendo três indivíduos, machos e castrados, abatidos na idade de 4 (Lote A), 6 (Lote B), 8 (Lote C) e 10 (Lote D) meses. Em relação ao ensaio de crescimento, os javaporcos apresentaram peso vivo no abate variando entre 14, 50 kg a 57,66 kg em 300 dias de avaliação. Os lotes B e C, foram os que apresentaram melhores valores de conversão alimentar correspondendo a 3,49 e 3,72, respectivamente. Os rendimentos das carcaças variaram entre 54,75 a 75,15%, com uma média de produção de carne em relação ao peso da carcaça de 33,13% para todos os animais. Quanto à composição química básica o percentual de umidade para os lotes A, B e C variou de 73,90 a 74,23%, já o lote D apresentou valor inferior a este, 70, 96%. Os valores de proteínas variaram de 17,35 a 18,33% em todos os lotes. O percentual lipídico apresentou valores médios de 3,31 a 4,34% e os mineiras oscilaram entre 1,17 a 1,84%. No estudo da estabilidade microbiológica, em relação à presença/ausência de Salmonellas sp. somente o lote A encontrou em não conformidade com a legislação, tendo 2 amostras contaminadas. Diante destas observações, a adoção de estudos quanto ao manejo mais adequado e uma alimentação balanceada e especifica para esses animais tornam-se necessárias para que os interessados tenham sucesso na criação deste animal... / The present research was focused in the evaluation of the characteristics of the javaporco (Sus scrofa javaporco) by means of zootechnical and technological parameters. The zootechnical data had been provided by the evaluation of the consumption of ration, the gain of body weight and the feed conversion of this animal. Regarding the nutritional aspects, analyses of basic proximate composition was carried out (humidity, proteins, lipids, leached ashes and carbohydrate) and analysis for the presence/absence of Salmonella sp was performed as an indicative of microbial contamination. For such studies, the animals were divided into four lots, each of them containing three male animals which were slaughter at the age of 4 months (Lot A), 6 months (Lot B), 8 months (Lot C) and 10 months (Lot D). Regarding the growth trial, the javaporcos presented a live weight, before slaughtering, between 14,50 kg to 57,66 kg in 300 days of evaluation. Lots B and C, were the ones that presented better values of feed conversion, 3,49 and 3,72, respectively. The carcasses yield varied between 54,75% to 75.15%, with an average productivity of meat in relation to the carcass weight of 33,13% for all animals evaluated. Regarding to the basic chemical composition of the meat, the percentage of humidity for lots A, B and C varied from 73.90% to 74.23% although Lot D presented a lower value of 70, 96%, however the protein values varied from 17.35% to 18.33% in all lots. The percentage lipid values were on average 3.31% to 4.34% and the minerals varied from 1.17% to 1.84%. In the study of microbiological stability in relation to the presence/absence of Salmonella sp. the lot A was the only that met in disagreement with the legislation, having two contaminated samples. Having said that an appropriate studies and a balanced and vii 20 specific diet for these animals become necessary for parties interested in order... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características do javaporco (Sus scrofa javaporco) por meio dos parâmetros zootécnicos e tecnológicos. Os dados zootécnicos foram medidos pela avaliação do consumo de ração, do ganho de peso e da conversão alimentar desse animal. Quanto aos aspectos nutricionais, foram realizadas análises da composição centesimal básica (umidade, proteínas, lipídeos, cinzas e carboidratos) e análises quanto à presença/ausência de Salmonella sp.. Para tais estudos, os animais foram divididos em quatro lotes, cada um contendo três indivíduos, machos e castrados, abatidos na idade de 4 (Lote A), 6 (Lote B), 8 (Lote C) e 10 (Lote D) meses. Em relação ao ensaio de crescimento, os javaporcos apresentaram peso vivo no abate variando entre 14, 50 kg a 57,66 kg em 300 dias de avaliação. Os lotes B e C, foram os que apresentaram melhores valores de conversão alimentar correspondendo a 3,49 e 3,72, respectivamente. Os rendimentos das carcaças variaram entre 54,75 a 75,15%, com uma média de produção de carne em relação ao peso da carcaça de 33,13% para todos os animais. Quanto à composição química básica o percentual de umidade para os lotes A, B e C variou de 73,90 a 74,23%, já o lote D apresentou valor inferior a este, 70, 96%. Os valores de proteínas variaram de 17,35 a 18,33% em todos os lotes. O percentual lipídico apresentou valores médios de 3,31 a 4,34% e os mineiras oscilaram entre 1,17 a 1,84%. No estudo da estabilidade microbiológica, em relação à presença/ausência de Salmonellas sp. somente o lote A encontrou em não conformidade com a legislação, tendo 2 amostras contaminadas. Diante destas observações, a adoção de estudos quanto ao manejo mais adequado e uma alimentação balanceada e especifica para esses animais tornam-se necessárias para que os interessados tenham sucesso na criação deste animal... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present research was focused in the evaluation of the characteristics of the javaporco (Sus scrofa javaporco) by means of zootechnical and technological parameters. The zootechnical data had been provided by the evaluation of the consumption of ration, the gain of body weight and the feed conversion of this animal. Regarding the nutritional aspects, analyses of basic proximate composition was carried out (humidity, proteins, lipids, leached ashes and carbohydrate) and analysis for the presence/absence of Salmonella sp was performed as an indicative of microbial contamination. For such studies, the animals were divided into four lots, each of them containing three male animals which were slaughter at the age of 4 months (Lot A), 6 months (Lot B), 8 months (Lot C) and 10 months (Lot D). Regarding the growth trial, the javaporcos presented a live weight, before slaughtering, between 14,50 kg to 57,66 kg in 300 days of evaluation. Lots B and C, were the ones that presented better values of feed conversion, 3,49 and 3,72, respectively. The carcasses yield varied between 54,75% to 75.15%, with an average productivity of meat in relation to the carcass weight of 33,13% for all animals evaluated. Regarding to the basic chemical composition of the meat, the percentage of humidity for lots A, B and C varied from 73.90% to 74.23% although Lot D presented a lower value of 70, 96%, however the protein values varied from 17.35% to 18.33% in all lots. The percentage lipid values were on average 3.31% to 4.34% and the minerals varied from 1.17% to 1.84%. In the study of microbiological stability in relation to the presence/absence of Salmonella sp. the lot A was the only that met in disagreement with the legislation, having two contaminated samples. Having said that an appropriate studies and a balanced and vii 20 specific diet for these animals become necessary for parties interested in order... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Pedro Fernando Romanelli / Coorientador: José Francisco Lopes Filho / Banca: Maria Luiza Poiatti / Banca: Luis Fernando Fertonani / Mestre