Akademisk avhandling--Arkeologi--Stockholm, 1979. / Bibliogr. p. 231-246.

<p>Due to the climate change natural disasters expects to increase and in some areas the conditions for dissemination of hazardous pollutants from contaminated areas could be affected. Different inventories and mapping has been made to identify areas of risk for flood or avalanche around the country. At the same time inventory and treatment of potential polluted areas (MIFO objects) is progressing. In Ljungans run of area in Västernorrlands county is a exposed area due to the amount of clay and silt in the ground that are sensitive in the context avalanche. The area has also a lot of MIFO objects and risks of flood.</p><p>This essay aims to investigate what data material that is available regarding MIFO objects, flood- and avalanche risks in Ljungans run of area in Västernorrlands county. Also to investigate if there are MIFO object that is in risk of flooding and/or avalanche in the selected area and if so how they are prioritized today. Is there adequate reasons to reassess the prioritizes of polluted areas that are to be inventoried and treated?</p><p>A literature study and analyse of data material with geographical informations system (GIS) has been maid. The result is that 207 MIFO objects in areas of risk. Of these is 186 MIFO objects not prioritized today and 23 MIFO objects have been located in areas that are in risk of avalanche and flood.</p><p>The conclusion is that there are no reasons to reassess the MIFO objects that are prioritized today. It’s however relevant to lift these objects that been found in risk areas. Overlook and reassessment of the objects that today is not prioritized and is located in areas of risks should be reassessed and in some cases it could be adequate reasons to prioritized further objects.</p>

Due to the climate change natural disasters expects to increase and in some areas the conditions for dissemination of hazardous pollutants from contaminated areas could be affected. Different inventories and mapping has been made to identify areas of risk for flood or avalanche around the country. At the same time inventory and treatment of potential polluted areas (MIFO objects) is progressing. In Ljungans run of area in Västernorrlands county is a exposed area due to the amount of clay and silt in the ground that are sensitive in the context avalanche. The area has also a lot of MIFO objects and risks of flood. This essay aims to investigate what data material that is available regarding MIFO objects, flood- and avalanche risks in Ljungans run of area in Västernorrlands county. Also to investigate if there are MIFO object that is in risk of flooding and/or avalanche in the selected area and if so how they are prioritized today. Is there adequate reasons to reassess the prioritizes of polluted areas that are to be inventoried and treated? A literature study and analyse of data material with geographical informations system (GIS) has been maid. The result is that 207 MIFO objects in areas of risk. Of these is 186 MIFO objects not prioritized today and 23 MIFO objects have been located in areas that are in risk of avalanche and flood. The conclusion is that there are no reasons to reassess the MIFO objects that are prioritized today. It’s however relevant to lift these objects that been found in risk areas. Overlook and reassessment of the objects that today is not prioritized and is located in areas of risks should be reassessed and in some cases it could be adequate reasons to prioritized further objects.

Ljungan virus (LV) is a recently identified picornavirus of the genus Parechovirus. LV has been isolated from voles trapped in Sweden and also in the United States. LV infected small rodents may suffer from diabetes type 1 and type 2 like symptoms, myocarditis and encephalitis. LV has been proposed as a human pathogen, with indications of causing diabetes type 1, myocarditis and intrauterine fetal deaths. In this thesis, cell culture adapted LV strains were utilised for development and adaptation of several basic methodological protocols to study the LV biology, e.g. real time PCR, highly specific antibodies and a reverse genetics system. These methods allowed detailed studies of this virus and how it interacts with the host cell. The genomic 5'-end was identified and modelling showed unique secondary structure folding of this region. The LV encodes an aphthovirus-like 2A protein with a DvExNPGP motif. This motif was found to mediate primary cleavage of the LV polyprotein in vitro and is proposed to constitute the carboxy terminus of the structural protein VP1 in LV. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies generated against recombinant structural proteins were used to verify that the LV virion is composed of the structural proteins VP0, VP1 and VP3. Cell culture studies showed that LV replicates to low titer with an absent or delayed cell lysis. LV is proposed to be able to spread by a, for picornaviruses, not previously demonstrated direct cell-to-cell transmission. All results taken together suggest a maintenance strategy of LV including low amounts of the LV genome and persistently infected hosts. Stability studies showed that the LV virion not only maintain activity in acidic and alkaline environments but also exhibit resistance to the commonly used disinfectant Virkon®.The results presented in this thesis show that LV has several unique properties, not previously observed for a picornavirus.