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This thesis deals with the analysis of the local market in terms of biomass and Less Energy. There is examined the potential of logging residues from the selected area is examined further traffic limit for supplying chips. There are used Porter model analysis.

Introduction: The Police in Sundsvall has identified a problem of an open drug market in the inner city of Sundsvall. Behind an open drug market there is an organization that consists of several steps. Internet also contributes to a drug trafficking. There is research about how the illegal drugs arrive to Sweden, but no research about what happens with the drugs after they have entered Sweden. Aim: The study aimed to examine how the national drug trafficking provides an illegal local drug market in Sundsvall with illegal drugs in a medium sized city in the middle of Sweden. In order to do so, the researchers studied the most common illegal drugs that are transported to the local market and how the illegal drugs arrive to the local market. Method: This study has a mixed method design and are divided into three parts. The first part is quantitative and consists of statistics from the Board of Customs. The second part is qualitative and consists of interviews with professionals from the Police and Customs and also with former drugs dealers and one heavy user. The third part is also qualitative and consists of interviews from Postnord, DHL, the Customs and the Police. Results: It was concluded in the results that cannabis and amphetamine were the most common illegal drugs on the local market in Sundsvall. It was also found that there are no specific routes that the illegal drugs are transported along to Sundsvall. It rather depends on the contacts that each local seller in Sundsvall has. Internet and the logistic companies were found to play an important role regarding the means for transportation. Discussion: The consequences and underlying causes of the phenomena was discussed. Also, two criminological theories were applied in order to explain what motivates people to involve in the transportation of illegal drugs to the local market and thus why illegal drugs are transported. / <p>2017-06-01</p>

L’objectif de la thèse est de montrer non seulement que le changement technologique est un déterminant de la croissance économique, mais aussi d'analyser la relation qu'il entretient avec les inégalités.Cette piste, qui est la ligne directrice de ce travail, est exploitée à partir de modèles théoriques de croissance et d'applications empiriques suivant nombreux champs d'investigation. L'intérêt est double : étudier l'impact des inégalités des revenus sur les changements technologiques ; vérifier l'hypothèse des changements technologiques biaisés en faveur des compétences et étudier l'impact des changements technologiques sur l'inégalité d'accès à l'emploi.Dans cette optique, le premier chapitre s'intéresse à la relation entre capital humain, recherche et développement, technologie et croissance. Ce changement technologique stimulant la croissance économique entraîne des inégalités de salaires.Le deuxième chapitre analyse l'impact des inégalités sur la croissance passant par les changements technologiques. Un premier courant de pensée suggère une relation positive entre l'inégalité et la croissance, un deuxième courant suggère une relation négative. La validation empirique consiste à évaluer le rôle des inégalités de revenus pour la croissance économique et par suite pour les changements technologiques. La technique utilisée est celle du Panel statique et dynamique pour un échantillon de pays en développement. Le troisième chapitre étudie l'impact du progrès technique sur les inégalités. Il s'intéresse à la notion de biais technologique et au rôle des inégalités entre travailleurs qualifiés et non qualifiés. La validation empirique se base aussi sur l'économétrie des données de panel. Le premier modèle teste l'impact du changement technologique et du capital sur l'inégalité d'accès à l'emploi. Dans un second modèle, la validité de l'hypothèse de Kuznets relative au changement technologique est testée / The aim of the thesis is to show not only that the technological change is a determinant of economic growth, but also to analyze its relationship with inequality. This track, which is the director online of this work, is operated from theoretical models and empirical applications following many fields of investigation. The interest is twofold : study the impact of income inequality on technological changes, test the hypothesis of skills biased technological change and study the impact of technological change on inequality of access to employment.In this context, the first chapter focuses on the relationship between human capital, research and development, technology and growth. This technological change stimulating economic growth results wage inequality.The second chapter analyzes the impact of inequality on growth through technological changes. The first school of thought suggests a positive relationship between inequality and growth, a second stream suggests a negative relationship. Empirical validation is to assess the role of income inequality on economic growth and consequently to technological changes. The technique used is that of the static and dynamic Panel for a sample of developing countries.The third chapter exammines the impact of technical progress on inequality. He is interested in the concept of technological bias and in the role of inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. Empirical validation is also based on the econometrics of panel data. The first model tests the impact of technological change and capital on inequality of access to employmen. In a second model, the validity of the Kuznets hypothesis on technological change is tested

Restaurangutläggen har ökat sedan 2010 och efterfrågan på lokalt producerad mat har ökat allt mer senaste tiden, vars syfte inte längre enbart syftar till att mätta idag. Trender har lett till att mervärden inom mat såsom kvalité, hållbarhet och ursprung efterfrågas, varpå restauranger har anpassat sig till detta för att skapa en matupplevelse. Restauranger efterfrågar därmed en större kvantitet av lokalt producerade råvaror. Grossister verkar mellan producenter och restauranger som en länk för att förmedla råvaror och dess mervärde, men trots det finns brister vid förmedlingen. Tidigare studier har påvisat att lokala producenter har hög kunskap inom sin produktion, men lägre kunskaper inom marknadsföring. Studien syftar till att studera värdekedjan mellan producent, grossist och restaurang samt förutsättningar för en grossists värdeskapande på en lokal marknad. För att kunna besvara syftet besvaras tre forskningsfrågor, vilka ämnar till att öka förståelsen för hur värdekedjan ser ut på en lokal marknad samt öka förståelse kring grossistens roll som värdeskapande aktör. Resultatet av studien visar att värdekedjan fungerar, men att det finns brister vid förmedlingen av mervärde mellan aktörerna. Mellan varje aktör verkar distributionskanaler var mervärden flödar. Ytterligare mervärden konstaterades efterfrågas, vilka inte framgick bland alla aktörer. Vidare kunde det konstateras att det råder otydligheter kring begreppet distribution, vilket anses vara en orsakande faktor till den brist kring förmedling av mervärde som råder idag. Studien har bidragit till att belysa de brister som råder idag, för att öka medvetenhet kring dessa. Vidare har en SWOT-analys lyft fram aspekter som anses vara väsentliga att ta hänsyn till. Studien anses därför vara till nytta för aktörer inom livsmedelsbranschen, specifikt de som verkar på en lokal marknad. / Restaurant outlays have increased since 2010 and the demand for locally produced food has increased more recently, the purpose of which is no longer solely to fill today. Trends have created other demands which restaurants have adapted to, to create a dining experience. Restaurants are thus demanding a larger quantity of locally produced raw ingredients. Wholesalers operate between producers and restaurants as a link to mediate raw ingredients and their added value. Yet, there are deficiencies in the mediation. Previous studies have shown that local producers are knowledgeable in their production, but less knowledgeable in marketing. The purpose is to study the value chain between producer, wholesaler, and restaurant as well as the conditions for a wholesaler's value creation in a local market. To be able to answer the purpose, three research questions have been proposed, which aim to increase the understanding of how the value chain looks like in a local market and increase the understanding of a wholesaler's role as a value-creating actor. The results of the study show that the value chain works, but that there is a deficiency in the mediation of added value between the actors. Distribution channels seem to flow between each actor where added value flows. Other added values were found to be in demand, which was not apparent among all actors. Furthermore, it was found that there is some ambiguity about the concept of distribution, which is considered to be a causative factor for the lack of value-added mediation that prevails today. The study has contributed to highlighting the shortcomings that exist today, to raise awareness of these. Furthermore, a SWOT-analysis has highlighted aspects that are considered to be essential to take into account. The study is therefore considered to be of benefit to actors in the food industry, specifically those operating on a local market.

Presented dissertation is focused on commercial suburbanization in terms of the Prague agglomeration specific aspects and assessment of some of its impacts on the affected locations. The aim is to identify local economic structures from the perspective of commercial suburbanization and assess their level of socio-economic significance in the suburban zone of Prague and their influence on the design of local medium-term priorities. This objective is further specified in terms of the five partial aims and five hypotheses. Monitored spatial units are analyzed at the level of municipalities, administrative districts of municipalities with extended powers and districts of Prague-East and Prague-West. The work represents the first comprehensive attempt to assess the extent of commercial suburbanization in the suburban area of Prague by using index methods. With the use of indexes, impacts of commercial suburbanization have been evaluated, especially the level of local action of companies and the formation of local markets in those local areas. The analysis shows that there is a greater degree of formation of local labor markets compared to rather negligible degree of formation of local markets of goods and services. Local economic structures continue to shape significantly in the regional centers of lower category rather than in the suburban zone of Prague. Following part of the thesis analyzes the socio-economic situation in the selected suburbanized municipality and reflection of key aspects of suburbanization in its medium-term development priorities and brings also a generalization of the findings. For the performed analysis, data from the author's own surveys and available statistical databases were used.