Academic research into economic restructuring in the tourist industry has solely focused on the strategies adopted by large chain hotel companies and little attention has been paid to the strategies adopted by small scale, family-run accommodation establishments. This sector is particularly significant for traditional resort areas in the UK. For example, in Torbay, Devon (as in most seaside resorts), there is an absence of large chain hotels and small-scale accommodation establishment pl ay an integral role in the local tourism economy.Consequently, an understanding of the competitive pressures and restructuring strategies in this sector is essential in maintaining the long-term health and prosperity of the resort. The aim of this study is therefore to examine the restructuring process occurring in the hotel industry and, in particular, to focus on the restructuring strategies in the small-scale accommodation s ector. To do so, this study will draw on empirical data obtained from a number of sources including a commercial register, holiday accommodation brochures, planning applications and a major questionnaire survey of all serviced and self-catering accommodation establishments o perating in Torbay. This study will show that the restructuring process within the accommodation sector has been influenced by a combination of factors within the internal and external resort environment, including free market forces and public sector intervention. Restructuring strategies have concentrated on the development of ensuite and leisure facilities, although provision has been influenced by the structural and locational characteristics of accommodatione stablishments. A review of the entrepreneurial characteristics of the accommodation providers highlights the complexity of the decision-making process and that business strategy is influenced by highly personalised and individualistic operating characteristics that are difficult to isolate and analyse. Therefore, any policy directives to guide the future development of the resort will depend on dealing with individual managemen strategies and business objectives.

Se realizó la siguiente tesis con la finalidad de entender el uso que los Millennials le dan al internet antes, durante y después de un viaje. Es decir, se busca comprender como usan este medio para cumplir su objetivo principal: lograr una buena experiencia turística percibida. Se selecciona a este segmento de jóvenes por la alta importancia que tienen en el sector turismo y por ser el grupo que, a la fecha, es el que representa el mayor crecimiento de esta industria. Además de ello, se han vuelto relevantes al demostrar que son potenciales viajeros que están en constante uso de internet. Por dichos motivos, los Millennials se han convertido en el nuevo público objetivo de muchas empresas del rubro y un caso de interés para organismos como PROMPERÚ. Los resultados de las encuestas analizarán y responderán la incógnita principal: ¿Cómo es el uso del internet en la experiencia turística percibida antes, durante y después del viaje en Millennials de Lima Metropolitana comprendidos entre los 22 y 37 años que viajan dentro del Perú?. Además de ello, se buscará responder los cuatro objetivos secundarios que giran alrededor del problema principal: cómo es que realizan la búsqueda de información ante un viaje, conocer si realizan publicaciones en internet sobre su experiencia y comprender como lo hacen, entender cuáles son las motivaciones que tienen para utilizar este medio y describir si la expectativa de este viajero se cumple cuando realiza una evaluación después de su viaje. / The focus of this thesis is to understand the different ways that Millennials use the internet through out a trip. Explicitly, the use of the internet to achieve an optimal touristic experience. Millennials were selected for this study due to their high influence to the tourist industry and for contributing the most to the growth of this sector. In addition to this, they are considered relevant due to their high internet engagement and constant use throughout their trips. It is due to this that Millennials have become the new target group for many business related to Tourism or other institutions such as PROMPERU. The survey results aim to answer the following question: How does the use of the internet affect the perception of the overall touristic experience throughout the trip for Millennials from Metropolitan Lima of ages 22 to 37 that travel within Peru? In addition, the study aims to answer four objectives that gravitate around the main problem: understand how is the target group searching for information before their trip, if they generate posts portraying their experience during their trip, comprehend their motivations behind their reasons for the internet usage and understand whether their expectations were met by analyzing their survey answers after a trip. / Tesis

The purpose of this study was to explore Morro Bay residents’ attitudes toward tourism and knowledge about tourism in the three major tourism impact categories (economic, socio-cultural, and environmental). A mail-back questionnaire was hand-delivered during the winter of 2011 to 720 Morro Bay residents. In general, Morro Bay residents had slightly positive attitudes toward tourism in their community. The mean attitude score was 3.27 on a 5-point Likert type scale. The subjects had a relatively low level of tourism knowledge. The mean total indirect tourism knowledge score was 2.98 on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Residents’ total direct tourism knowledge score was 0.33 on a scale of zero to one. A multiple regression model was used to test for an association between residents’ knowledge about tourism, community attachment, socio-demographic variables, and residents’ attitudes toward tourism. The only variables that were associated with residents’ attitude toward tourism were: length of residency, interest in learning more about tourism, level of education, household income, subjective tourism knowledge, economic tourism knowledge, and environmental tourism knowledge. The two most significant variables were economic tourism knowledge and environmental tourism knowledge. Future research should test the effectiveness of different methods to increase residents’ tourism knowledge.

Tourism in England has grown to become an activity worth around £111billion to the English economy, and constituting around 4% of employment. This has led to increasing numbers of local areas becoming involved with tourism development. However local authorities supporting tourism are impacted by financial pressures and pressures for ‘less government’, which are indicative of a ‘managerial paradigm’ which has surrounded public sector management in England. This study has examined the impact of the managerial paradigm on management of tourism at the local level. Using the English cities as a ‘case’, a methodological triangulation of questionnaire and contact with senior management in local authorities involved with tourism policy was used. The findings have led to an important understanding of the current picture concerning public sector management of tourism at the local level. This study has found that tourism is worth over £17billion to the English cities, and supports around 360,000 jobs. The findings suggest that the driving forces that characterised the managerial state continue to impact management of local tourism. This study has also examined the impact of policy changes introduced by the Conservative/Liberal Democratic Coalition government on local tourism. The accession of a new government has led to a significant realignment in public sector engagement with tourism. Policy discourse has stressed government ambition for tourism to be ‘industry-led’ with a ‘re-balancing’ the economy towards the private sector. As a result, this study has found the most significant challenges facing local tourism management centre around financial pressures. Reductions in tourism budgets are leading to major changes in departmental structures and tourism managers’ roles. Reductions in tourism budgets are leading to significant pressures on tourism departments to raise income in order to make departments financially viable. This study has found that in some cases local authorities are ceasing to financially-support tourism. This research also suggests that pressure from government for the private sector to increasingly fund tourism partnerships may be difficult to achieve locally. Respondents have argued that high levels of engagement with the private sector already exist locally, and as the private sector in tourism is predominately small businesses there are limitations as to how much such businesses can contribute to marketing partnerships. Policy for the private sector having the ‘majority power’ in the new emerging tourism partnerships may also have implications for the motivation of such partnerships. Doubts have been raised in this study from within the public sector, concerning the ability of local tourism businesses to take ‘responsibility for their own future’ whilst at the same time protecting the public interest. It is concluded that a ‘realignment’ towards more private sector involvement in partnerships brings with it potential consequences if local tourism businesses are unable to ‘increasingly fund’ the new arrangements, and the new tourism bodies are unable to establish a ‘pluralistic’ tourism policy environment in their areas. With evident reductions in local authority budgets, it is legitimate to question the scope of funding that the emerging DMOs will have at their disposal, and thus their ability to deliver local ambitions for tourism development. Therefore, the new tourism partnerships will require careful structuring and management. However, their financial futures will inevitably hinge on the value that the private sector places on the new local tourism arrangement, and their ability to maintain the public interest will depend on striking an appropriate balance of power amongst all stakeholders within the partnership.

臺灣近年來常常以發展觀光產業，來促進地方經濟發展，最明顯的政策便屬為臺灣政府於2008年開放陸客來臺以後，帶起許多陸客旅行團來臺旅遊的熱潮。同時在媒體渲染陸客強勁的消費力之下，使旅遊周邊產業都能受惠。但根據交通部觀光局統計資料顯示，陸客來臺人數成長率已大幅下降，但這股陸客來臺風潮卻已悄悄改變了臺灣旅遊業的體質。臺灣的觀光產業應朝向高品質服務業發展，才能同時保有觀光的品質與產值，否則在觀光人次太多的情況下，將影響國人旅遊的品質。 因此本研究利用2014年國人旅遊調查資料，利用決策樹方法根據縣市做分類，分別從旅遊者的背景、旅遊規劃、旅遊內容角度出發，檢視國人於臺灣縣市旅遊的特性與滿意程度，深入探討國人旅遊之型態與品質，藉此提供國內旅遊發展上一些建議，帶動在地旅遊，甚可藉由國民外交的「口碑」向外推廣、創造旅遊需求。

Cette recherche est basée sur l’idée que le tourisme stimule l’essor économique d’une région en créant de la valeur ajoutée, améliorant ainsi le niveau de vie de ses habitants (Bensahel, Donsimoni, 1999: 27). Son but est de démontrer que le tourisme peut être un moteur de développement pour la région étudiée. Notre hypothèse principale est que dans une région riche en ressources exploitables touristiquement mais dont le niveau de développement est faible (PIB en dessous de la moyenne européenne) la multiplication des projets touristiques de mise en valeur des ressources permettrait de stimuler et de soutenir le développement de la région tout en respectant les principes du développement durable. La thèse est divisée en deux parties. La première est conceptuelle et méthodologique et se focalise sur l’aménagement basé sur le projet territorial de développement touristique. La deuxième partie est consacrée aux étapes principales d’un projet territorial de développement touristique : diagnostic territorial et propositions de développement futur. Pour le diagnostic territorial nous avons conçu un outil permettant de calculer la valeur touristique totale des divisions territoriales et d’analyser les données collectées concernant les pratiques touristiques déjà en œuvre dans la région. Cet outil nous a permis d’identifier 4 systèmes touristiques localisés qui peuvent être considérés comme modèle d’organisation de la région des Souscarpates situées entre les Vallées de l’Olt et du Motru. / The current research is based on the assumption that tourism stimulates the economic growth of an area through creating the added value, thus, enhancing the standard of living in the area in question (Bensahel, Donsimoni, 1999: 27). We aim to demonstrate that in the targeted area tourism can (re)produce development. Noticing the weak development (DGP below the European average) in a region rich in resources that may be exploited through tourism, we think that the multiplication of such projects may boost and support the development of the region, in compliance with the principles of sustainability. The thesis is divided in two main parts. The former, conceptual and methodological in nature, focuses on territorial planning, based on the territorial project for tourism development. The latter is concerned with the main stages of a territorial project for tourism development : territorial diagnosis and future development proposal. In the case of territorial diagnosis, we designed a tool to calculate the total touristic value of the territorial divisions in question and to collect data using a survey of tourism practices in the area. The findings allowed us to identify 4 local tourism systems that we suggest as touristic organisation types in the Sub-Carpathians, situated between the Olt Valley and the Motru Valley.