The negotiations for the Mid-Term Review of the Fourth Lome Convention marked the introduction of multiple conditionality - economic adjustment and good governance - into the Lome relationship. It placed additional demands on the two parties, giving rise to the essential concern of this thesis: do the two sides possess the requisite institutional capacity to meet those demands. The introduction was not a sudden development. The origins of multiple conditionality lay in the Pisani Memorandum and its proposal of policy dialogue. The path from the proposal to multiple conditionality was assisted by developments within the Lome relationship, including the unintended effects of ACP initiatives. This thesis is thus, in one sense, the history of the Memorandum's legacy of inverted conditionality through policy dialogue. It is also an analysis of the capacities generated by the Convention and their applicability to multiple conditionality. My analysis of bargaining, operational and instrumental capacities demonstrates a weak ACP capacity and an asymmetrically greater EU capacity. My initial conclusion is that the EU is much more capable of meeting the demands of multiple conditionality. However, it too faces limits on its capacity, especially in dealing with the sociopolitical aspects of governance. This recognition highlights an ignored factor: there is a second legacy of the Pisani Memorandum. In addition to the instrument of policy dialogue, the Memorandum identified institutional capacity as the means to help overcome the problems of development. The new tale of two legacies illustrates an EU emphasis on policy control at the expense of capacity building. It has failed to perceive the importance of the link, in the Pisani Memorandum, between the instrument and the means. It forces me to amend my initial conclusion: neither side is adequately prepared for the demands of multiple conditionality.

As dit die doel van handel tussen die EU en Suider-Afrika is om ontwikkeling teweeg te bring, is dit eerstens nodig om te verstaan wat bedoel word met die konsep ontwikkeling en hoe dit beskryf word deur verskillende teorieë. Die aandag in hierdie studie sal slegs val op makroteorieë tot ontwikkeling, vanweë die belang daarvan vir die rol van handel in ontwikkeling. Die verskillende teorieë oor die verband tussen handel en ontwikkeling moet ook ondersoek word. Wat duidelik sal blyk, is dat handel wel ‘n rol het om te vervul in ontwikkeling, en veral armoede-uitwissing en ongelykhede bekamp, maar dat die tipe handelsverhouding bepalend is. Daar is in hoofsaak twee standpunte oor die rol van handel: dié wat vrye handel sien as ‘n bron vir ontwikkeling, en dié wat handel beskou as moontlike ‘n bron vir ontwikkeling, maar nie binne die huidige ekonomiese en politieke wêreldstruktuur nie. Die standpunte verskil dus oor die rol van vrye handel in ontwikkeling. Hierdie studie steun laasgenoemde standpunt; hierdie standpunt sal deurlopend in hierdie hoofstuk en ook breedweg in die verhandeling gemotiveer word (sien ook 2.4 hieronder). Die verskillende handelstrategieë wat gevolg kan word om ontwikkeling te bereik, sal ook bespreek word met oog op die relevansie daarvan vir die tipe handelsverhouding met die EU wat ontwikkeling in Suider-Afrika kan aanhelp. / Prof. C.J. Maritz

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