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<p>Data from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) show that homicide is the major cause of death with firearms and sharp objects as the main external causes of death in South Africa. The current study is a descriptive study, describing the epidemiology of sharp object fatalities in the city of East London (also known as Buffalo City) in South Africa. It is a secondary data analysis of mortuary data collected by morticians trained in data collection methods according to World Health Organisation standards. This descriptive study aimed to develop the profile of sharp object fatalities in East London. Most of the findings were consistent with other literature on sharp object violence/homicide and on homicide in general using rates per population denominator data. It also combined variables to arrive at more complex descriptions. The following risk factors were identified: male, between the ages 30-34, being from a disadvantaged population group, alcohol consumption, weekend, between the times 20h00 and 23h59 and if we discount the place of death, &lsquo / unknown&rsquo / then the greatest percentage of deaths occurred in a private house. The results were interpreted within an ecological and contextual theoretical framework to hypothesize possible etiological factors. The conclusion was that there were multiple variables which all interact and influence one another across all ecological levels and as other studies have recommended, this study too also recommends that more work is needed in order to identify the multiple pathways leading to fatalities, perhaps by way of multivariate studies as well as qualitative studies with perpetrators of sharp object fatalities.</p>

This thesis addresses the roles and experiences of fourteen London correspondents for New Zealand newspapers, 1884-1942. It argues that these correspondents made a small but significant contribution to news flow into New Zealand and that the importance of London’s role as an imperial, cultural and news-flow metropole make it central to studies of the New Zealand press during this period. However, correspondents identities as New Zealanders and the unique requirements of the New Zealand press system were also important, meaning that correspondents and their correspondence need to be addressed in terms of layered identity and of both imperial and domestic press systems.

This study is an attempt to describe the critical reputation of Richard Steele's role in the Tatler as it has evolved through three centuries, from Steele's own time to 1965. The study provides for the first time a considerable and representative sampling of critical comment from the eighteenth century through the twentieth century, determines significant trends in the criticism, observes how earlier commentary affects later statements, and evaluates in some measure the validity of critical opinion.The student who seeks a full and accurate understanding of Steele's role in and contribution to the Tatler encounters particular difficulty because critical opinion has differed widely from Steele's own age to the present, and many commentaries fail to describe these differences fully or accurately. Critical opinion through the years has varied from unbridled praise of Steele to conscious deprecation of his abilities. Some writers credit Steele with very little responsibility for the success of the Tatler, yet some cite him as the major architect of the paper. Some critics view the Tatler, as merely a more undeveloped precursor of the Spectator, less perfect in plan or purpose, while others consider the earlier periodical superior to the later one. To add to the confusion, commentators have occasionally embroiled themselves in controversy over the relative literary merits and abilities of Steele and Addison, and some have gone even farther afield, diverting attention from both writers' literary merits by discussing individual character traits or personal habits. These differences of opinion and irrelevancies have resulted in a somewhat confused view of Steele and his contributions to the Tatler, leaving the student with no clear statement which summarizes adequately the variety of opinions which exists.What emerges from this study of the critical reputation of Steele's role in the Tatler is that Steele has been variously and inconsistently described by the writers of three centuries. His early reputation as an expert prose stylist gave way to descriptions of his neglect and carelessness in his writing, aggravated by attacks on his character and personal habits. Early descriptions of the Tatler as a journal of morals and manners and as a reformer of society obscured other features of the paper, and the exalting of Addison's role in the periodical obscured the importance and nature of Steele's contributions.The idea that the Tatler was essentially an imperfect predecessor of the spectator, obscured Steele's efforts to give it both variety and unity, and diverted attention from detailed study of the periodical. Generalizations about the various features of the paper such as its alleged avoidance of politics or its gallant treatment of women similarly obscured accurate descriptions of Steele's writing.The studies of modern scholars suggest that Steele was not only a competent writer, but a journalist of extraordinary ability who planned his periodical carefully and tailored it to the interests and tastes of his readers. These studies also suggest that the reforming influence of Steele and the Tatler has been exaggerated and that Steele was more likely only reflecting the changing standards of the times. Modern scholars recognize Steele as the originator of, responsible editor of, and chief contributor to the Tatler, and while many of the devices used in the earlier periodical were also used in the Spectator, the Tatler has its own unique and distinguishing features.Thus, a synthesis of critical opinion on Steele's role in the Tatler places Steele in a newer and clearer perspective while indicating the main interests, methods, and approaches of literary criticism in English over a period of the past 250 years.

This thesis traces the history of the London Round Table group and of the Round Table magazine from their origins in 1909-10 until the decision to launch a "new" Round Table in 1966. It takes as its focus the ideas put forward by members of the group, in the Round Table and elsewhere, on a range of Imperial and international problems. It utilises knowledge on the authorship of Round Table articles in order to clarify the processes by which Round Table policy was made, and the role of different individuals within the group. It examines the rôle of the Round Table as a pressure group for Imperial reform and in particular its relationship to Empire federalism, seeking to elucidate the extent to which it was able to act coherently, and attempting to describe its aims, methods and influence. On the question of federalism, the thesis finds an inability to agree on details, but also a continuing belief in the necessity for constitutional unit until the late 1940s. It suggests that this belief was not entirely unrealistic. The thesis argues that, despite differences of emphasis, the Round Table was able to develop a distinctive ideology of Imperialism which was strongly supportive of the Imperial rôle yet also responsive to the need for change. It finds that the group was only briefly influential on government policy, under Lloyd Georfge's administration, but it argues that the group saw its main purpose as that of influencing long-term opinion rather than short-term policy. It suggests that the group was able to play an important mediating rôle, between conservatism and radicalism, and between policy-making and opinion.

This study intends to investigate the momentum effect, which states that shares which performed the best (worst) over the previous three to twelve months continue to perform well (poorly) over the subsequent three to twelve months. Evidence suggests that a strategy that buys previous winner shares and sells short past loser stocks can generate abnormal profitability of about 1 per cent per month (Jegadeesh and Titman, 1993). Although momentum payoffs tend to persist when share returns in international markets are employed (e. g., Griffin et al., 2003, Rouwenhorst, 1998), a significant number of studies have debated the potential explanation of the momentum effect without reaching a consensus. Using data from the London Stock Exchange from January 1975 to October 2001, this thesis investigates some factors that influence the magnitude of continuation gains that have not been previously identified. I examine the relationship between momentum profitability and the stock market trading mechanism and is motivated by recent changes to the trading systems that have taken place on the London Stock Exchange. Since 1975 the London stock market has employed three different trading systems: a floor based system, a computerised dealer system called SEAQ and the automated auction system SETS. I find that after the introduction of the computerised dealer system SEAQ momentum profits are higher than when the floor based system operated. I also document that companies trading on the SETS auction system display greater momentum profitability than shares trading on SEAQ. Results are robust to the use of different samples and alternative risk adjustments. I investigate the role of volatility in influencing momentum profits. Shares with high volatility display wide spread out returns and therefore, potential higher magnitude momentum profitability. Given that shares displayed higher volatility traded on the post-Big Bang period (Tonks and Webb, 1991) and on the SETS system (Chelley-Steeley, 2003), I examine whether the different levels of momentum profitability achieved in alternative stock market structures arises from volatility. I find that momentum profits are strongly influenced by volatility, but the finding that the organisation of a stock market influences the momentum profits holds even after considering differences in volatility. I examine whether the magnitude of momentum profitability varies following bull and bear markets. Momentum profits stem from the winner shares in bull markets and from the loser stocks in bear markets. I report that momentum profits are stronger following bear markets, showing a sign of mean reversion in the UK stock market. Overall, this study contradicts the model of Hong and Stein (1999) that the momentum effect arises from the gradual expansion of information among investors and the model of Daniel et al, (1998) that the momentum effect stems from the investors' overconfidence that increases following the arrival of confirming news. This study also indicates that a significant portion of momentum profits stem from the magnitude of volatility.

The attitudes of selected memoir authors are surveyed with regard to their commentary on London Society ranging from the late Nineteenth century to the Nineteen Thirties. The experience of these Society participants is divided between aspects of continuity and change before and after the First World War. During this time-frame, London Society, as the community of a ruling class culture, may be seen to have undergone the transition from having been an aristocratic entity dominated by the political and social prestige of the landed classes, to that of an expanded body, more reflective of democratic evolution and innovation. The memoir testimony treated in this inquiry affords a means of reflecting not only Society's passage of experience but also more pointedly, its evaluation, shedding light on the values and vulnerability of a hitherto assured, discreet and otherwise adaptive class character at a time of accelerated change and challenge.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 598-620).

Thesis (Ph.D.). / Written for the Dept. of History. Title from title page of PDF (viewed ). Includes bibliographical references.

Zugl.: Dresden, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2007