In 2012, London successfully hosted the Games of the XXX Olympiad. The main legacy of hosting the event is the 560 acre, mixed use Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park located in Stratford in the heart of London s former industrial East End. The Park is located across the four Park Boroughs of Hackney, Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest, each distinct in character but shaped by similar trends of urban regeneration and gentrification. This research examines the profiles, practices and perceptions of visitors to the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as an impact study of mega events conducted within five years after the London Olympics. It draws on research about mega events and urban regeneration with a focus on sports science and geography that has largely neglected visitor experiences as an outcome of mega events. Based on a mixed methods approach combining a longitudinal face-to-face visitor survey conducted over two years, a postal survey among local schools, and interviews with stakeholders, this thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge by proposing a new conceptual framework on mega event legacy and empirical findings on the use and perceptions of The Park by local, regional, national and international visitors. The conceptual approach (Chapter 3) bridges the two distinct literatures of mega-event legacy theory (and more broadly the sports literature) and actor-network theory. The framework allows for the study to approach the research questions from a tridic actor-network perspective, examining how material, immaterial and mainly human dynamic hybrids co-exist in complex webs of relations. It also allows for the unravelling of how these relations have given rise to impacts tied to the developments in the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. This unravelling is explored through the remainder of this thesis. Following the description and analysis of methods used in the thesis (Chapter 4), Chapter 5 provides a historic overview of the four Park Boroughs that define the study area of the thesis. The shifting nature of this multicultural area is contextualised in light of several catalytic events (industrialisation, de-industrialisation and finally the Olympic Games). At the heart of this examination is the intention to show that despite the narratives pedalled by policy makers, planners and politicians, areas of East London were inhabited by groups who for several centuries symbiotically produced and reproduced their own diverse identities and ultimately that of East London. Chapter 6 analyses and critiques 35 policy documents released during the Olympic cycle (broadly defined here as the period between 2003 and 2012) and follows both the visible and invisible actants. The key findings are that: poorly executed event planning is inextricably linked to a poor implementation of local community interests; there were unheard and excluded voices, particularly the disadvantaged and displaced, in these policy and planning documents and; that there was little opportunity for the youth voice to be heard. Finally, the analysis of policy documents has underlined the value of reflecting on legacy promises from a longer-term perspective, suggesting that the legally binding bid books should be compared with the actual outcomes from a long-term perspective. The typical visitor to the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park (Chapter 7) is a white middle-aged male or female (71% over age 25, ~50/50 male and female). They will be visiting the sports facilities and their frequency of use suggests that they have monthly membership to one of the leisure centres. This indicates that they have a relatively high level of both social capital and disposable income. They will reside within the Park Boroughs, often within walking distance of the Park or close to a transport link with a direct transport connection, probably by the Underground system. They will not often visit the Park with under 18s and if they do visit with anyone, it will be their partner or friend, and thus they resemble very closely the typical affluent gentrifier couples. The term experience athlete was coined for these visitors with 53% being from the Park Boroughs. In addition, there were those who came to sight-see, designated as Games tourists of whom 56% of these were international visitors. While ~20% of the visitors to the Park were under age 18 most of these were under 12s attending with their parents. Young people and particularly young people from the Park Boroughs were largely absent from the Park, which was contributed to by discriminatory practices (often under the guise of security issues) which focused on groups of ethnic minority youth. The possible reasons for the absence of young people from the Park are explored and unravelled in Chapter 8 by discussing the results of the semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders and the postal survey with school staff. The key issues raised in this chapter were that: the lack of a representative youth voice with a hidden and perceived to be cosmetic contribution to legacy planning and; the lack of social and financial capital in school staff and young people in combination with the gentrifying process and; spatial factors such as distance from the Park and poor acces routes, all contributed to the absence of young people from the Park. Overall, this thesis stresses the importance of unravelling networks to their fullest extent to truly understand the impact such spaces have on diverse communities.

The emergence of the New Woman in the 1890s was the result of a broad spectrum of feminist demands: equal advantages with men in education, entrance into "male" professions, and a share in the government of the country. Women's desire for personal freedom led to the removal of conventional restrictions with regard to dress, manners, and modes of living and to a rebellion against inequalities in marriage and double standards of morality. Within the theatre community, bold new patterns of thought developed out of a growing discontent with outworn forms. The New Drama and the New Woman became inseparable in the public mind, and socially aware dramatists attempted to create a contemporary heroine who would reflect the way modern woman was perceived. The first chapter, "Relics of the Past," documents legal and social changes in woman's status prior to 1900 and reveals how the 19th century woman was held back, not only by men claiming educational and political advantages by virtue of male superiority, but by other women who fought against any change to well-defined sex roles, and by her own reluctance to free herself from conventional patterns. The second chapter, "Removal of Ancient Landmarks," is concerned with women in the creative arts who seized the opportunities for female emancipation that life in the artistic community promised, particularly to those in the theatre. The third chapter, "Treading on Dangerous Ground," links the impact of Ibsen on British drama with the new breed of actresses who were willing to represent the New Woman on stage and to replace the feminine ideal with their defiant portrayals of selfhood. The next three chapters explore dramatic images of the New Woman as she was depicted in plays written for the London stage in the 1890s. In Chapter IV, "Shall We Forgive Her?," the former "fallen" woman of fiction and melodrama, now updated to the "Woman with a past," demonstrates the extent to which prior sexual misdemeanours make her a social outcast, even if the playwright does not condemn her to an untimely death, insanity, or suicide. Chapter V, "New Lamps for Old," deals with the "advanced" woman who is either aggressive in courtship or chooses a career over marriage, overturns parental authority, engages in activities formerly reserved for males, and often talks and dresses like a man. By pushing against conventional boundaries which define woman's intellectual and moral territory, she seeks to overthrow the patriarchal system and to upset the double standard. In Chapter VI, "A Modern Eve," another aspect of the New Woman manifests in the married heroine who attempts to establish greater freedom for herself within the old patterns of respectability yet must face the psychological pressures which tend to keep women in their traditional place. Throughout the decade, proponents of the New Drama allowed the heroine to express her own mind as a necessary step towards selfhood. Conservative playwrights clung to legal marriage and most assumed that a woman's role was decreed by Nature and was basically unchangeable. More progressive playwrights advocated free union and accepted the premise that freedom is attained only when both sexes are released from bondage to old ideals. / Graduate

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The main aim of this study was to explore the difficulties and limitations preventing social workers from empowering siblings of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children. Specific attention was given to social workers in the London Borough of Greenwich, United Kingdom and siblings who were in their middle childhood phase of development. Qualitative, applied research of an explorative and descriptive nature was followed. For the purpose of this study, the researcher conducted unstructured in-depth interviews with social workers and the siblings. Six social workers and four siblings were interviewed for this research study. Themes and categories were developed out of data from the unstructured interviews to which the researcher compared and verified it with already existing literature. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made from this research study. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)

Some youth in London speak a non-standard variety of English whose lexical items are difficult for non-speakers to understand. This study collected naturally produced speech samples from students of various ethnicities and class backgrounds who spoke this dialect. It also polled students about their identity, as well as about their use of particular slang words. The recordings were glossed to determine the kind of slang used, as well which populations were more or less likely to use slang. The surveys were analyzed to determine relevant background characteristics of those who used slang versus those who did not. This study concludes that one’s geographic background, as well as one’s class and peer group, impact the variety of English spoken. The idea of language as a method of counter culture is advanced, claiming that speakers are using this dialect as a way to signify resistance against the highly rigid class systems of the U.K.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:07:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7989_1.pdf: 1716960 bytes, checksum: 98f56fbc3bd8ef81cb2230ae53e372ac (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Neste trabalho, utilizamos a teoria de London para determinar as respostas magnéticas em um sistema supercondutor semi-infinito e em um sistema confinado. O estudo dos campos magnéticos através da teoria de London permite investigar as propriedades eletrodinâmicas e introduzir ferramentas robustas para o uso de simulação computacional. Estudamos as modificações causadas pela forma do sistema em suas propriedades básicas, como o campo crítico inferior, Hc1, e o campo de penetração, Hen, analisando o impacto causado por defeitos estruturais na geometria. No sistema semi-infinito, consideramos uma interface plana com uma endentação na superfície. No sistema confinado, consideramos um supercondutor com simetria cilíndrica onde investigamos a formação de cadeias de vórtices e as mudanças configuracionais obtidas pela aplicação de campo magnético paralelo µa superfície. A formação dessas cadeias ¶e estudada utilizando simulação Monte Carlo. No capítulo apresentamos a história do desenvolvimento da supercondutividade e seus principais formuladores segundo ordem cronológica, começando com sua descoberta por Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, em 1912, até os supercondutores de mais alta temperatura cr¶³tica, Tc = 138 K. No capítulo 2 discorremos sobre as duas principais teorias fenomenológicas da super-condutividade: a teoria de Ginzburg-Landau e a teoria de London. Descrevemos as duas teorias e definimos a notação a ser utilizada em todo o resto da dissertação. Em especial daremos atenção µa equação de London e as equações de Ginzburg-Landau. E também apresentamos uma breve introdução sobre os métodos computacionais e abordagens numéricas que foram empregados neste trabalho. No capítulo 3, discutimos as propriedades eletrodinâmicas de um supercondutor semi-infinito com uma endentação. Investigamos a variação do campo de penetração, Hen, devido a endentação para várias configurações geométricas da interface. O capítulo 4 trata das propriedades de um sistema supercondutor confinado em duas dimensões, onde estudamos as configurações de vórtices, e sua dependência com os parâmetros geométricos envolvidos. Investigamos os campos de mudança configuracional (matchingfields) e a curva de energia livre em função do campo externo, G(H). O Capítulo 5 mostra as conclusão que obtivemos utilizando o sistema semi-infinito e o confinado

The study has sought to examine knowledge management practice in the Old Mutual, Buffalo City Metropole. The study has been conducted against the backdrop of measuring how far South African companies are in applying Knowledge Management (KM) tools and techniques to improve their competitive advantage. The study was conducted based on the assumption that insurance companies in South Africa are at the forefront in the use and application of technology. Various concepts are defined throughout the study. In reviewing literature for example, the study introduces the reader to various theories, views and approaches to KM. The most significant of these are the cultural and social systems approach on one hand and the product or process approach on the other. The study relied on the use of a variety of data collection methods such as questionnaires, interviews and participant observation for the purposes of collecting primary data. From the primary data collected, it was discovered that the largest number of responses came from marketing, sales and customer services departments. The employees have limited flexibility in terms of decision making and team work, due to the rigidity of tasks. The findings revealed that the company has a loosely structured infrastructure, where each strategic business unit (SBU) manages its own IT tools and documents. All these underlying aspects are not conducive to the promotion of and growth of KM in any company. The final chapter concludes with a model for KM implementation and the procedures to be followed to ensure that the practice adds value to the company.

We study the Embassy building of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, which received the 1971 Award of the Royal Institute of British Architects for the best newly completed building in London. We examine the building from an architectural point of view and chart its construction; we also place it in the broader context of Czech architecture built in the 60's to represent the State abroad. The main body of work in this context consists of the series of embassies designed by the circle of architects associated with Karel Filsak and Jan Šrámek. Today, these buildings are considered to be some of the finest examples of Czechoslovak architecture of that era. Given the Architecture Award bestowed on the Embassy, we also consider the building within the context of British architecture of the day. We chart the development of New Brutalism, defined as the style pioneered by the group of artists associated with Alice and Peter Smithsons, and we investigate the influence the New Brutalism had on the recipients of the RIBAAwards in the years 1965-1971. We find British as well as foreign influences in these buildings, drawing comparisons with the Embassy building. Keywords architecture, representation, embassy, 20th century, sixties, brutalism, London, Great Britain, The Royal Institute of British Architects...

This thesis explores chronicity amongst a small group of migrants living with HIV and other illnesses in London. It elucidates their engagements and experiences with self-care, particularly in light of tenuous citizenship. Drawing on field work in London from 2010-2011 with support groups for persons with HIV, largely made up of refugees and asylum seekers, I look at how social vulnerability and frustrations of claims to citizenship are crucial factors in creating conditions for doubt – reservations that centre less on living normally with chronic illness, than living and pursuing a life. I suggest chronicity encompasses varying and contested temporalities that place pressure on what the body is expected to achieve and endure. The thesis argues the task is not only to identify sources of injury and suffering, but to consider different manifestations of how people carry on living, and the ordinary ethical orientations emerging therein. It makes a number of interdisciplinary contributions to studies of chronic illness, chronicity, HIV, ordinary ethics, and migration. It brings together subjects of migration and HIV in novel ways. In drawing attention to the accidental converging of HIV, pharmaceuticals and migration, it highlights the unpredictable forms in which citizenship claims take shape, and go adrift. The thesis thus highlights how the basis for social entry, as well as exclusion, is deeply troubled. Being sick with HIV initiates one into systems of care offered by hospitals and charities, and further services for some, without resolving the legal and political-economic barriers to employment and self-sufficiency. For scholars and practitioners working within areas of community and public health, this study adds to research on both the continued importance and limitations of support groups for HIV and chronic illness management. This thesis illustrates how multifaceted support groups are, in the activities and conversation that unfold, and how this diversity is also a matter of recognising the diversity of individuals and collectives within them. It contributes to ethnographies of HIV in terms of chronic illness and chronicity by focusing less on the integration and presence of HIV into everyday routine, than its lapsing into a wider ethos of wellness and optimism, common hardships and distractions. In considering not only how individuals suffer but also how they endure, this work contributes to the emerging body of scholarship on ordinary ethics, and the extent to which the pursuit of good is stitched into both everyday and extraordinary events and negotiations.

Ordinary theology is a developing concept focusing on people’s explicit religious beliefs, and relying on anecdotal evidence and other academic writers to bridge the gap with academy theology. It has influenced empirical studies of ordinary people’s experience with the Bible, doctrine and cathedral visiting. A feminist qualitative ethnographic study and action research provide other voices as alternatives to this empiricism. Theologians-in-the-arts have appropriated art to illustrate their academic theology. This thesis takes further the use of a visual image, with a recently commissioned non-figurative designed window, by a female Iranian-born artist, in an well-known London church. It enquires how far a non-specific doctrinal and non-narrative window encourages wider public participation in meaning making and metaphor generation, challenging the current static concept of ordinary theology. An interpretative paradigm with perspectives from constructivism, phenomenology, and hermeneutics shapes an inductive and qualitative approach to give attention to regular worshippers and visitors. A visual ethnographic method elicits data through semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, and journal writing. Adopting a ‘lay’ outsider participant role during the fieldwork, unstructured situational interviews with passers-by, street traders and church staff were also undertaken. Interpretive lenses of framing, the pastoral cycle, ethnomethodology, and nitty-gritty hermeneutics assisted in analysing the data. The window attracted a high degree of participation, engaging people in reflection. Over 85% of participants were professional/university and technically educated and competent in academic disciplines other than theology. The respondents initially made non-religious statements challenging ordinary theology, which focussed on explicit religion. When respondents viewed it a second time, they used religious concepts. The analysis led to the construction of ordinary portraits constructed of previously not heard voices and challenged the earlier faces of academic partners. The window is a dialogically framed ‘lived experience’ breaking the ‘is’ of metaphor and the gestalt law of closure. This research explores the ‘is not’ of metaphor. It explores the relationship of image, metaphor and concept by focussing on window parts; the images of centre, line and web. The window becomes both a working metaphor and a model of working metaphors extensively used by these participants. Ordinary theology discovers through feminist metaphorical theology that concepts are metaphorical, focusing on both dissimilarities and similarities. The window as a visual image provides an opportunity to extend the concept and metaphor of ordinary theology. It invites academic professionals to an intensive fieldwork experience using a visual image to rediscover a general process of reflection and to reveal people’s indirect and implicit metaphorical ordinary theology.