Croisant théorie néo-institutionnaliste et théorie des mouvements sociaux, cette thèse en stratégie explore la dialectique entre travail institutionnel disruptif et travail institutionnel défensif mettant ainsi en évidence les stratégies et contre stratégies qui peuvent être déployées au sein d’un champ organisationnel. Grâce à une étude de cas longitudinale, nous étudions l’histoire de l’amiante en France, entre 1970 et 1997. Entre contestation et collaboration, le cas est marqué par des luttes institutionnelles longues et complexes. Notre analyse s’appuie sur des données d’archives variées dont des archives audiovisuelles. Notre étude souligne l’évolution des répertoires tactiques mobilisés contre l’institution. Les tactiques persuasives conduiront à un changement de la pratique institutionnalisée pourtant maintenue par un travail de défense marqué par la mise en place d’une organisation frontière, le Comité Permanent Amiante, appelé aujourd’hui le « lobby de l’or blanc ». Seules des tactiques destructrices, portant sur les dimensions les plus ouvertes de l’institution, conduiront à sa délégitimation. Nous soulignons alors le rôle du pilier régulatif dans cette stratégie / Within the field of strategy, the thesis deals with the role of social movements inthe process of deinstitutionalization through the concept of repertoire of tactics. This research studies how social movement actions lead to the delegitimization of a taken for granted practice. We focus on the dialectic between defensive and disruptive institutional work. Our method is based on a processual case study. Drawing from the asbestos industry in France from 1970’ to 1990’, we study dialectical struggles between social movement and institution. Our study emphasizes the evolution of repertoire of tactics. Persuasive tactics lead to an institutional change and yet the practice is maintained due to the creation of a boundary organization. Only destructives tactics, directed against more opened institutional pillars, can lead to the ban of the practice. We emphasize the role of the regulative dimension in this strategy

This study conceptualises Chinese language-major undergraduates' motivation to learn a third language (L3) from a self perspective. Two overarching aims were adopted to guide the research: how learners' L3 motivation was formulated and reformulated over the course of one year of learning an L3 and whether classroom intervention could help learners to construct their L3 motivation. This research adopted a longitudinal case study design and was situated in a state university in China. Students who had chosen to learn an L3 as their major and English majors who were required to learn an L3 participated in the research. To achieve the two principal research aims, the data collection process was divided into two phases. The goal of the first phase was to explore the development of my participants' L3 motivation without any intervention. Qualitative research methods were employed during this phase and data were gathered from open questionnaires, interviews, class observation and written journals. In the second phase, an intervention was carried out to explore how to construct my participants' ideal L3 selves. A quasi-experimental design was employed and mixed methods were adopted. Analysis was primarily guided by the L2 Motivational Self System and was carried out at both at class level and individual level. At a class level, findings suggest that both L3 majors' and English majors' L3 motivation was mainly constituted on the basis of their ideal L3 selves, ought-to L3 selves and L3 learning experiences, which were constantly constructed and reconstructed over the course of learning. Notably, learners' motivational trajectories did not display a homogenous pattern at the group level. In total, six different motivational patterns were identified, three from English majors and three from L3 majors. It was also interesting to identify that a few learners developed a type of multilingually oriented motivation during their L3 learning. Data collected at the second phase of fieldwork revealed that the intervention was effective in helping English majors to construct their ideal L3 selves but less useful in the case of L3 majors. At the individual level, six cases were analysed in depth to investigate how the trajectories identified at the group level developed temporally and contextually. The analysis shows that the construction of these learners' L3 motivation involved a complex interplay between their future L3 selves and current L3 learning experience. It was through this process that learners explored the relationship between the L3 and their self-identification, and attempted to develop their personal meaning of learning an L3. On the basis of the empirical evidence, this thesis argues that the construction of learners' L3 motivation hinges on exploration of the position of the L3 in their self-identification, and that class intervention might help learners to realise the importance of learning an L3 by helping them to develop their ideal L3 selves, at least in the case of non-L3-major students. Moreover, this study suggests that it is crucial for L3 learners in China to recognise the value of being multilingual, which plays an essential role in constructing their L3 selves and sustaining their L3 motivation.

No description available.

Este estudo objetivou compreender o papel do conselho de administração e estudar as relações entre o board capital, o desempenho e a estratégia, considerando o ambiente organizacional de empresas. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso longitudinal comparativo a fim de identificar aspectos dinâmicos e relacionais de duas organizações pertencentes ao setor aeronáutico: a brasileira Embraer e a canadense Bombardier. A escolha por estas empresas ponderou as condições econômicas instáveis e regulamentares, as mudanças estratégicas implementadas, a importância que estas companhias representam para as economias de seus países e seu alcance internacional. Os dados e informações sobre a Bombardier foram obtidos pelo estudo de caso apresentado por Courtemanche, Côté e Schiehll (2010) durante os anos de 1997 a 2006. Para a Embraer, a pesquisa realizada neste trabalho compreendeu o período de 1994 a 2006. As análises apresentaram ligações distintas entre o board capital e as estratégias propostas em períodos de crise, estabilidade e crescimento para cada empresa, indicando que não há um padrão de estratégia a ser adotada e uma composição ideal do conselho. Entretanto, o estudo contribuiu para corroborar os resultados propostos por Courtemanche, Côté e Schiehll (2010) de que o conselho fornece recursos para a empresa, incluindo o conhecimento estratégico, de mercado e de especialização técnica adquirida através da sua formação e experiência. O conselho de administração se mostrou uma ferramenta importante capaz de ajudar na adoção de novas estratégias em tempos de crise. / This study aimed to understand the role of the board and to study the relationship between board capital, performance and strategy, while considering its organizational environment. It was conducted a longitudinal comparative case study to identify dynamic and relational aspects of two companies belonging to the airline industry: the Brazilian Embraer and the Canadian Bombardier. The choice for these corporations considered the unstable economic and regulatory conditions, the strategic changes implemented, the importance that these companies pose to the economies of their countries and their international reach. Bombardier’s data and information were obtained from a case study presented by Courtemanche, Côté e Schiehll (2010) during the years 1997 to 2006. For Embraer, the research conducted in this study included the period from 1994 to 2006. Analysis showed distinct connections between board capital and the proposed strategies in times of crisis, stability and growth for each company, indicating that there isn’t a regular strategy to be adopted and an ideal composition of the board. However, the study helped to support the results suggested by Courtemanche, Côté e Schiehll (2010) that the board provides resources for the company, including strategic insight, market and technical expertise gained through their training and experience. The board proved to be an important instrument that can help in implementing new strategies in times of crisis.

Este estudo objetivou compreender o papel do conselho de administração e estudar as relações entre o board capital, o desempenho e a estratégia, considerando o ambiente organizacional de empresas. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso longitudinal comparativo a fim de identificar aspectos dinâmicos e relacionais de duas organizações pertencentes ao setor aeronáutico: a brasileira Embraer e a canadense Bombardier. A escolha por estas empresas ponderou as condições econômicas instáveis e regulamentares, as mudanças estratégicas implementadas, a importância que estas companhias representam para as economias de seus países e seu alcance internacional. Os dados e informações sobre a Bombardier foram obtidos pelo estudo de caso apresentado por Courtemanche, Côté e Schiehll (2010) durante os anos de 1997 a 2006. Para a Embraer, a pesquisa realizada neste trabalho compreendeu o período de 1994 a 2006. As análises apresentaram ligações distintas entre o board capital e as estratégias propostas em períodos de crise, estabilidade e crescimento para cada empresa, indicando que não há um padrão de estratégia a ser adotada e uma composição ideal do conselho. Entretanto, o estudo contribuiu para corroborar os resultados propostos por Courtemanche, Côté e Schiehll (2010) de que o conselho fornece recursos para a empresa, incluindo o conhecimento estratégico, de mercado e de especialização técnica adquirida através da sua formação e experiência. O conselho de administração se mostrou uma ferramenta importante capaz de ajudar na adoção de novas estratégias em tempos de crise. / This study aimed to understand the role of the board and to study the relationship between board capital, performance and strategy, while considering its organizational environment. It was conducted a longitudinal comparative case study to identify dynamic and relational aspects of two companies belonging to the airline industry: the Brazilian Embraer and the Canadian Bombardier. The choice for these corporations considered the unstable economic and regulatory conditions, the strategic changes implemented, the importance that these companies pose to the economies of their countries and their international reach. Bombardier’s data and information were obtained from a case study presented by Courtemanche, Côté e Schiehll (2010) during the years 1997 to 2006. For Embraer, the research conducted in this study included the period from 1994 to 2006. Analysis showed distinct connections between board capital and the proposed strategies in times of crisis, stability and growth for each company, indicating that there isn’t a regular strategy to be adopted and an ideal composition of the board. However, the study helped to support the results suggested by Courtemanche, Côté e Schiehll (2010) that the board provides resources for the company, including strategic insight, market and technical expertise gained through their training and experience. The board proved to be an important instrument that can help in implementing new strategies in times of crisis.

Este estudo objetivou compreender o papel do conselho de administração e estudar as relações entre o board capital, o desempenho e a estratégia, considerando o ambiente organizacional de empresas. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso longitudinal comparativo a fim de identificar aspectos dinâmicos e relacionais de duas organizações pertencentes ao setor aeronáutico: a brasileira Embraer e a canadense Bombardier. A escolha por estas empresas ponderou as condições econômicas instáveis e regulamentares, as mudanças estratégicas implementadas, a importância que estas companhias representam para as economias de seus países e seu alcance internacional. Os dados e informações sobre a Bombardier foram obtidos pelo estudo de caso apresentado por Courtemanche, Côté e Schiehll (2010) durante os anos de 1997 a 2006. Para a Embraer, a pesquisa realizada neste trabalho compreendeu o período de 1994 a 2006. As análises apresentaram ligações distintas entre o board capital e as estratégias propostas em períodos de crise, estabilidade e crescimento para cada empresa, indicando que não há um padrão de estratégia a ser adotada e uma composição ideal do conselho. Entretanto, o estudo contribuiu para corroborar os resultados propostos por Courtemanche, Côté e Schiehll (2010) de que o conselho fornece recursos para a empresa, incluindo o conhecimento estratégico, de mercado e de especialização técnica adquirida através da sua formação e experiência. O conselho de administração se mostrou uma ferramenta importante capaz de ajudar na adoção de novas estratégias em tempos de crise. / This study aimed to understand the role of the board and to study the relationship between board capital, performance and strategy, while considering its organizational environment. It was conducted a longitudinal comparative case study to identify dynamic and relational aspects of two companies belonging to the airline industry: the Brazilian Embraer and the Canadian Bombardier. The choice for these corporations considered the unstable economic and regulatory conditions, the strategic changes implemented, the importance that these companies pose to the economies of their countries and their international reach. Bombardier’s data and information were obtained from a case study presented by Courtemanche, Côté e Schiehll (2010) during the years 1997 to 2006. For Embraer, the research conducted in this study included the period from 1994 to 2006. Analysis showed distinct connections between board capital and the proposed strategies in times of crisis, stability and growth for each company, indicating that there isn’t a regular strategy to be adopted and an ideal composition of the board. However, the study helped to support the results suggested by Courtemanche, Côté e Schiehll (2010) that the board provides resources for the company, including strategic insight, market and technical expertise gained through their training and experience. The board proved to be an important instrument that can help in implementing new strategies in times of crisis.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第23665号 / 経博第648号 / 新制||経||300(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 COLPAN Meziyet Asli, 教授 関口 倫紀, 教授 山田 仁一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM

An operational definition of Systemic Reform is used to document a case study of mathematics education reforms occurring in the mathematics classrooms of one middle school in one school division in one state. The middle school had two lead teachers who participated in the training component of a National Science Foundation-funded state-wide Systemic Reform Initiative. Systemic Reform conceptualized reform as combining bottom-up reform with top-down support. Therefore, the research methodology confronted the challenges of the breadth and complexity of Systemic Reform through the use of selective data in the form of artifacts, interviews, and observations from four populations: (1) classroom teachers, (2) building administrators, (3) district administrators, and (4) state-level staff. The study was conducted at four levels over a five-year period to provide the focus for longitudinal data collection to document: (1) the status of mathematics education during the 1995-96 primary data collection year, (2) the evolution of mathematics education reform over the course of the five year period, and (3) the manner in which Systemic Reform occurred. All levels of educators involved made an initial five-year commitment as active participants in the State's Systemic Reform Initiative, but only the Lead Teacher actually carried through with this commitment. After the first year division-level administrators shifted the focus of reform efforts to the elementary schools and discontinued support for the middle schools; after the second year both the division and state-level administrators withdrew all support. Although changes were made at the school level which supported reform in mathematics education (i.e., adoption of constructivist-type instructional materials, purchase of classroom sets of manipulatives and calculators, implementation of block scheduling, and the organization of teachers in interdisciplinary teams) the necessary changes in technology, curriculum and assessment were not in place to support the reform efforts. Through the perseverance of the Lead Teacher some changes in mathematics classrooms were documented, but the lack of consistent administrative leadership/support and emphasis on multiple reforms ended in the all to common bandwagon phenomena at the building, division and state levels so characteristic of change efforts in schools. / Ph. D.

Interdisciplinarity is a common goal within specialized interdisciplinary organizations as well as within the academic world as a whole. Interdisciplinary research is connected with values such as a more market oriented approach, new ways of using theories and methods and a more cost efficient use of expensive research equipment. But few studies actually measure the development of organized interdisciplinary research over time. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential effects of organizational changes in research institu- tions whose purpose is to promote interdisciplinary research collaborations.. Using a longitudinal case study this essay measures the attempts of a Norwegian music therapy research organisation to actively induce interdisciplinary research over a period of eight years. An important part of the study is also to try common quantitative operationalizations of different types of interdisciplinarity with in a small case study. Bibliometric methods are used to visualize relations between researchers. Important results include findings of increased interdisciplinary activity within the new organisation thus proving the possibility to create interdisciplinary conditions thru active organisational changes. The essay also show that operationalizations used in quantitative studies may need to be adapted to specific conditions in order to effectively measure interdisciplinary relations between researchers. As with all case studies the results of this essay needs to be tested and verified in further studies.

This dissertation synthesizes previous research and develops a model for the study of strategic development, strategic congruence and management control. The model is used to analyze a longitudinal case study of the Swedish engineering company Atlas Copco. Employing contingency theory, the study confirms that long-term survival of a company requires adaption to contingencies. Three levels of strategy are examined: corporate, business and functional. Previous research suggests that consistency between these levels (strategic congruence) is necessary for a company to be competitive. The dissertation challenges this proposition by using a life-cycle perspective and analyzes strategic congruence in the different phases of a life cycle. It also studies management control from a life-cycle perspective. In this context, two types of management control are examined: formal and informal. From a longitudinal perspective, the study further discusses how these types interact during organizational life cycles. The dissertation shows that strategic development is more complex than previous studies have indicated. It is a long, complex and non-linear process, the results of which cannot always be predicted. Previous models for strategy and management control are based on simple relationships and rarely take into account the fact that companies often go through different phases of strategic development. The case study shows that strategic incongruence may occur at times during organizational life cycles. Furthermore, the use of management control varies over time. In the maturity phase, formal control is in focus, while the use of informal control has a bigger role in both the introduction and decline phases. Research on strategy and management control has intensified in recent years. Still there is a gap regarding the coordination of complex corporate structures. The present study contributes with further knowledge on how companies manage long-term strategic development. Few studies deal with more than two levels of strategy. Moreover, the present study addresses the need to understand strategic congruence from a life-cycle perspective. This is particularly relevant in practice, when management in large companies face difficult issues for which they expect business research to assist them in the decision-making process.