Nowadays, decision-making is not only made in the office with a PC. With a dramatic increase of mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets) and internet access, the approach to reaching and delivering key, strategic data has changed over the last decade. The diploma thesis analyses the market of business intelligence platforms, dedicated for mobile devices, by comparing selected vendors in this segment. The first, theoretically oriented chapters focus on explaining the key concepts of business intelligence and mobile business intelligence and appropriate context, especially the growing market of mobile devices and internet access availability. Furthermore, the theoretical part is followed by a list of criteria, amongst which will selected platforms be compared. These criteria include not only a user view, but also a technical view of the compared products -- IBM, MicroStrategy, SAP and Oracle. Two methods are used to evaluate the best product. The first comparison is based on average scores gained across all criteria, while the second method applied is a pairwise comparison. The following, practically oriented chapter contains a step-by-step user guide of downloading, installing, configuring and especially the process of creating and deploying reports and documents suited directly for mobile devices, such as the iPad. The whole process is described for the winning platform MicroStrategy, which not only earned the highest scores, but also won the pairwise comparison over all other platforms. This thesis serves as basic orientation in the young market of business intelligence platforms enhanced with dedicated modules for mobile devices and carries a recommendation for one of them to select.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第23665号 / 経博第648号 / 新制||経||300(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 COLPAN Meziyet Asli, 教授 関口 倫紀, 教授 山田 仁一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM

在現今之行動通訊產業中，面對技術融合、顧客需求多樣化、快速創新的衝即，整個產業結構已發生了根本上的影響。傳統行動通訊產業中的線性價值鏈已不復見，而是重新聚合成全新的價值網，而這個新的價值網跨越了原本各自獨立的產業界線，並經由不同的連結方式，形成新的產業形態，展現出新的面貌。其中，更可以明顯發現，透過許多不同領域能力之結合，可以造就出許多新事業、新市場的誕生。據此，企業為了追求快速創新，便不可能僅憑一己之力，於內部發展出各式各樣之能力。反之，企業必須由外部擷取他人之力，再與內部核心能力結合，與外部關係人建立共生關係，最終達成多贏之局面。據此，Chesbrough (2003) 認為，企業過去「封閉式創新」的作法已不合時宜，未來必須走向「開放式創新」。 本研究在文獻探討的部分，將焦點放在三大議題：開放式創新、經營模式與平台型經營模式。同時，選擇全球行動通訊產業的領導廠商 – NTT DoCoMo為個案公司，從1999年至2007年之公司資料中，歸納出個案公司的三大議題：發展歷程、經營模式與合作關係。 最後，本研究歸納出以下結論：第一：平台型經營模式有利於企業有效且及時地連結外部環境之資源，以實踐開放式創新；第二：企業在追求快速創新之目標時，其所採用之創新模式可依據下述兩種要素來區分：合作關係之廣度與資源投入之程度。而面對不同核心程度之能力時，須採用不同之模式；第三：平台型經營模式由眾多構面組成，而面對不同的構面，企業須採用不同的模式來發展；第四：成功的平台型經營模式必須具備吸引力與主導力。 / Today, the mobile communication industry is faced with the impact of technology fusion, diversified customers’ demand and fast innovation; this industry already changed fundamentally. The linear value chain of traditional mobile communication industry is no more, instead, there is a whole new value net, which is connected in different way to become a new industry. From the result, through the combination of capabilities from different areas, it can lead to many new businesses and markets. According to the above, for the purpose of fast innovation, companies are impossible to develop various capabilities all by themselves inside; instead, companies have to introduce other capabilities from outside and combine with their core capabilities. Through the establishment of ecosystem, it will lead to the all-win situation. According to the above, Chesbrough argues that the traditional close innovation is no more, it is the age of open innovation. In this research, the literature review focuses on three issues: open innovation, business model and platform business model. Meanwhile, this research chooses the global leading company in mobile communication industry – NTT DoCoMo as the case company and the case study focuses on three issues: history, business model and collaborative relationships. This research reaches three conclusions. First, platform business model can help companies connect with the environment effectively and timely. Second, open innovation includes two different concepts: open and closed at the same time and these different concepts should be applied to different capabilities. Third, business model is composed of many aspects, and different aspects should be developed by different concepts. Forth, open business model’s paradigm is platform business model and two of platform business model’s fundamental forces are attraction and predomination.

This thesis is focused on research of available resources about applicable methods and approaches of implementation of Business Intelligence in sales department of mid-size local company focused on information technologies. The solution is aimed on controlling and performance measurement. Local specifics and company culture of innovation and creativeness are considered during the whole work. The next part of the work is analysis of the company environment and appropriable process of implementation matching current maturity level of company. The goal is to define appropriable set of indicators for performance measurement of sales representatives in order to reflect the reality and allow the relative comparison of individuals. This solution is applied in specific company and as a result there are identified issues of this proposal and suggested recommendations for the future modifications. The work is based on research of available resources and identification of the best practices methods of design and implementation of this system. The next part contains detail analysis of the company, application of conclusion of the theoretical part and suggestion for optimal process of successful adaptation. As a result the structure of metrics has been built and it was verified that the detail analysis is required for relevant definition of the scope of the project, identification of risks and preparing the real schedule. It has been verified, that implementation of performance measurement system requires complex changes in company culture and close coordination to other triggered changes in workflow and quality of recorded data in information systems.

A governança da Tecnologia de Informações é um tema tradicional e importante para a pesquisa e a prática da administração de organizações. Modelos teóricos e metodologias padronizadas são largamente empregadas e com sucesso em organizações com estrutura tradicional hierárquica. Entretanto, a sua aplicação em estruturas de negócios mais descentralizadas e horizontais, encontra limites devido às suas características próprias de gestão, processos e relacionamento entre seus componentes e ecossistemas, as quais não são suficientemente contempladas nas metodologias mencionadas. Por meio da análise comparativa dos modelos teóricos disponíveis e de estudos de casos reais de ecossistemas de organizações em rede, plataformas, meta-organizações e arranjos mais informais, esta pesquisa procura identificar as novas dimensões requeridas para a governança efetiva da Tecnologia de Informação nestas classes de organizações e propor diretrizes para a complementação das metodologias. / The governance of Information Technology is a traditional and important subject in organizational administration research and practice. Theoretical models and standardized methodologies are widely and successfully used in organizations with traditional hierarchical structure. However, its applicability to more decentralized and horizontal business structures, is more limited due to their specific management characteristics, processes and relationship between their components and ecosystems, which are not sufficiently contemplated in the mentioned methodologies. Through the comparative analysis of available theoretical models and case studies of actual network ecosystems, platforms, meta-organizations and more informal arrangements, this research seeks to identify the new dimensions required for the effective governance of Information technology in these classes of organizations and to propose guidelines for the complementation of methodologies.

A governança da Tecnologia de Informações é um tema tradicional e importante para a pesquisa e a prática da administração de organizações. Modelos teóricos e metodologias padronizadas são largamente empregadas e com sucesso em organizações com estrutura tradicional hierárquica. Entretanto, a sua aplicação em estruturas de negócios mais descentralizadas e horizontais, encontra limites devido às suas características próprias de gestão, processos e relacionamento entre seus componentes e ecossistemas, as quais não são suficientemente contempladas nas metodologias mencionadas. Por meio da análise comparativa dos modelos teóricos disponíveis e de estudos de casos reais de ecossistemas de organizações em rede, plataformas, meta-organizações e arranjos mais informais, esta pesquisa procura identificar as novas dimensões requeridas para a governança efetiva da Tecnologia de Informação nestas classes de organizações e propor diretrizes para a complementação das metodologias. / The governance of Information Technology is a traditional and important subject in organizational administration research and practice. Theoretical models and standardized methodologies are widely and successfully used in organizations with traditional hierarchical structure. However, its applicability to more decentralized and horizontal business structures, is more limited due to their specific management characteristics, processes and relationship between their components and ecosystems, which are not sufficiently contemplated in the mentioned methodologies. Through the comparative analysis of available theoretical models and case studies of actual network ecosystems, platforms, meta-organizations and more informal arrangements, this research seeks to identify the new dimensions required for the effective governance of Information technology in these classes of organizations and to propose guidelines for the complementation of methodologies.

網際網路的發展加上行動裝置的普及，導致人們觀看影音媒體的方式逐漸數位化，資策會2015年報告指出，72%台灣民眾每週至少觀看一次線上影音平台。4G時代的來臨，使得網路直播成為一種新應用，世界各地也逐漸興起一股網路直播平台的風潮，多數的直播平台雖然擁有很高的用戶流量，卻沒辦法成功的把這些用戶流量轉化為金流，高額的頻寬成本造成直播平台連年虧損。然而，Twitch卻能脫穎而出，以專攻遊戲直播市場，2015年營收高達13.6億美元，更被亞馬遜以9.7億美元將其收購。究竟直播平台應該如何獲利？如何驅動營收的成長？為本研究欲探討之問題。 本研究挑選專攻遊戲直播市場的Twitch 為個案，運用多邊市場結構的概念分析Twitch的獲利模式；運用社群遞增動態循環四構面-內容、忠誠、輪廓和交易活動，分析Twitch如何驅動營收成長。 本研究發現，Twitch多元的獲利模式依賴其平台所連接之多邊市場，並且對不同的市場採取不同的獲利模式。Twitch多元的獲利模式歸納為：訂閱、廣告和交易模式。另外，直播平台想要驅動營收的成長，則需專注於核心領域、提升平台內容質量和平台成員之忠誠度，才能夠有效驅動平台多元的營收成長。 / The way of people watching media are changing to digitalization. According to Taiwan Institution for Information Industry’s report in 2015, 72 percent of population in Taiwan watch media through online video platform at least one time in a week. Also, the fourth generation of mobile telecommunications technology (4G) makes the application of online streaming popular, which leads more and more online streaming platforms came out all over the world. In fact, many online streaming platforms are losing money year after year, due to the huge cost of the Internet Bandwidth and without a successful profit model to transform the high volume of users into revenue. However, Twitch, which focus on game live streaming market, are very successful nowadays. Twitch claims 43% of market share in the gaming content industry and earned $3.8 billion in 2015. Also, Twitch was bought by Amazon for $970 million in 2014. Therefore, this research chooses Twitch as a research target, and focus on analysis of Twitch’s profit model and how Twitch increases its revenue through theoretical method This research finds that Twitch’s successful profit model is due to its multi-markets. Twitch uses different profit strategies on different markets. Twitch’s multiple profit models can be categorized into Subscription, Advertising, and Transaction Models. In addition, Twitch increases its revenue by focusing on core market, increasing the quality of platform contents and the loyalty of platform users.

P2P個人網路借貸(Peer-to-Peer Lending)平台，即為媒合個人對個人借貸的網路平台；有閒置資金者，可透過網路平台，挑選自己願意資助的對象，將資金借給資金需求者，以獲得報酬；資金需求者，則可利用此網路平台，尋找願意提供資金者，以滿足借款需求。其中，借款利率由P2P借貸平台業者依據其計算方式評估訂定；因此，對投資人來說，P2P借貸平台成為另類的理財管道；對借款者來說，則成為新興的融資方式。2016年可說是台灣P2P網路借貸元年，LnB信用市集、鄉民貸等P2P借貸平台相繼成立，設計差異化的營運模式，提供台灣大眾新型態的借貸與投資服務。 本研究以個案式的實務分析及驗證，運用平台策略的相關理論為基礎，並以商業模式之要素作為分析架構，探討個案公司LnB信用市集、鄉民貸及FundPark創辦人創建平台時的動機與目標，如何增進平台參與者互動，替用戶解決問題，並共同創造價值。因此，本研究之研究問題總結如下： (一)台灣P2P借貸平台發展之可能性。 (二)個案公司P2P借貸平台營運模式於台灣發展遇到的問題及比較。 / The Peer-to-Peer lending platform (P2P lending platform will be used as the abbreviation in the following section) the practice of lending money to individuals through online services that match lenders with borrowers. Investors holding idle capital can choose the target on the website to lend money and gain higher returns; while the borrowers’ funding needs can be satisfied by the mechanism of the P2P lending platform. Thus, the P2P lending platform has transformed the traditional idea that finance has to be handled through financial institutions. The P2P lending industry in Taiwan have been developed since 2016, the first and second P2P lending companies: Lend & Borrow(LnB信用市集) , Lend(鄉民貸) were founded during 2015 and 2016, which were devoted to offering reasonable interest rates for lenders and borrowers. Based on the concept of platform strategy and the factors of business model, this study investigates the object and the motivation of the founders when they founded the P2P lending companies, and discusses how they increased the interaction of the players in the platform ecosystem, with the case study of P2P lending companies--Lend & Borrow(LnB信用市集) , Lend(鄉民貸) and FundPark. Therefore, the research questions of this study are as follows: 1.The practicability of the P2P lending platform in Taiwan. 2.The comparison of the business model, and the obstacles that the P2P lending companies faced in Taiwan.

Den snabbt växande teknologiska utvecklingen har gjort att många företag anpassat sina varor,tjänster och företagsstruktur efter det alltmer moderna plattformsmodellen. Denna modell harvisat goda förutsättningar för företag att växa och att skapa ett större interaktionsnätverk mellanandra aktörer och agerar som en bra konkurrenskraft gentemot företag som förhåller sig till entraditionell analog företagsmodell. Denna fallstudie undersöker hur Jägersro Hästcenter kangynnas av en sådan modell och har undersökt vilka olika förslag som hade ökat antalet besökaretill anläggningen. Det har gjorts sju intervjuer samt samlats in 89 svar från en enkätundersökningsom visade hur intresset var starkt bland respondenterna att testa på nya innovativa teknologier. Undersökningen ger även goda stöd för vidare forskning kring hur dessa förslag bästimplementeras för att leda till bäst resultat. / The rapidly growing technological advancements have led many companies to adapt theirproducts, services and corporate structure to the increasingly modern platform model. This modelhas shown great potential for companies to grow and create a larger network of interactions withother stakeholders, serving as a strong competitive advantage compared to companies followinga traditional analog business model. This case study examines how Jägersro hästcenter can benefitfrom such a model and explores various suggestions to increase the number of visitors to thefacility. Seven interviews were conducted, and 89 responses were collected from a survey,revealing strong interest among the respondents in exploring new innovative technologies. Thestudy provides valuable support for further research on how these suggestions can best beimplemented to achieve optimal results.

Some of the world’s most valuable companies today are platform businesses. Both smaller and larger companies are turning their product and service development from a linear developmentapproach to a platform approach. Despite the emerging studies on platforms, and even though studies on customer involvement have been performed for decades, there is an acknowledged research gap on customer involvement in the development of platforms. This thesis contributes to research by studying Tradera, an online small to medium-sized (SME) marketplace platform facilitating and enabling sales of goods through matching of sellers and buyers on the site. The study is based on an extensive literature search within the fields of customer involvement anddigital platform businesses. The results were based on qualitative data received from exploratory studies in the form of 13 semi-structured interviews conducted at the company. The results from studying the company revealed the complexity in the product of being a platform as well as the complexity of the user base involved in the product development. The complex user base leads to heterogeneity in user needs and difficulty of knowing which users to involve and when to involve them in the product development in order to increase user satisfaction. There was also found to be difficulties in the allocation of resources for (SME)platforms regarding user involvement. Even though difficulties in user involvement were found, the research also showed the great resource of user data that is to be utilized. The purpose of the study was to map and refine the process of user involvement in the product development of an SME platform in order to increase user satisfaction. The study resulted in a framework and recommendation for how to find and involve users in the product development process. The recommendations are to be considered by SME platform businesses wanting to increase the user satisfaction of their product. / Några av världens mest värdefulla företag idag är plattformsföretag. Både mindre och större företag ändrar sin produkt- och tjänsteutveckling från en linjär utvecklingsstrategi till en plattformsstrategi. Trots ökade studier av plattformsföretag, och att studier on kundinvolvering har utförts i årtionden, finns det ett forskningsgap när det gäller kundinvolvering i utvecklingen av plattformar. Denna avhandling bidrar till forskning genom att studera Tradera, en liten till medelstor marknadsplattform som online underlättar och möjliggör försäljning av varor genom matchning av säljare och köpare på webbplatsen. Studien bygger på en omfattande litteraturundersökning inom områdena kundinvolvering och digitala plattformar. Resultatet baserades på kvalitativa data från undersökande studier i form av tretton semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomfördes på företaget. Genom att studera företaget avslöjades komplexiteten i att vara en plattform samt komplexiteten hos användarbasen som är involverad i produktutvecklingen. Resultatet påvisade att den komplexa användarbasen leder till heterogenitet i användarnas behov och svårigheter att veta vilka användare som ska involveras och när de ska involveras i produktutvecklingen för att öka kundnöjdheten. Studien visade också på svårigheter hos små till medelstora plattformar att fördela resurser till användarinvolvering. Förutom svårigheter med användarinvolvering visade även studien att det finns stora resurser i användardata som kan utnyttjas. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga och förfina processen för användarinvolvering i produktutvecklingen av små till medelstora plattformar för att på så sätt öka kundnöjdheten. Studien resulterade i ett ramverk och rekommendationer för hur företag kan hitta och involveraanvändare i produktutvecklingsprocessen. Rekommendationerna och ramverket kan implementeras hos små och medelstora plattformsföretag som vill öka användarnöjdheten hos sin produkt.