Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo do estudo foi compreender como as demandas em saúde mental na atenção básica estão sendo identificadas e encaminhadas pelos profissionais envolvidos nas equipes de saúde da família no município do Rio de Janeiro. Especificamente, buscamos compreender como estes profissionais, em uma equipe multidisciplinar, agem no cotidiano da atenção considerando a fluidez nos conceitos de bem-estar / mal-estar mental e como eles lidam com sinais e sintomas que não se resumem a quadros fisiológicos, mas estão estreitamente relacionados às questões sociais e territoriais. Em entrevistas em grupo com cinco equipes, identificou-se mecanismos de diagnóstico operados por estes profissionais para negociar o enquadramento da demanda como mental e, então, escolher e oferecer encaminhamento a esta. Foram tomados como referenciais de análise e discussão os conceitos de nominalismo dinâmico e looping effect, de Ian Hacking, e os conceitos de enactment e lógica do cuidado, de Annemarie Mol. Diante das considerações, percebeu-se que as noções sobre saúde mental nesta esfera de atenção vão sendo negociadas a partir da mobilização de conhecimentos não oficiais, porém já circulantes, entre os profissionais da equipe. Os profissionais operam manobras de conhecimento de acordo com o acervo teórico/prático e de experiência pessoal, sempre de alguma forma referendado ou muitas vezes "traduzido" pelo escopo da biomedicina. Consequentemente, as ações engendradas tem como base um padrão classificatório e biomédico, ainda que adaptado às singularidades locais e às formas de cuidado possíveis para cada equipe. Tais dados sinalizam que, mesmo supostamente humanizada, interdisciplinar, territorializada e menos medicalizada, as ações na atenção básica, no que se referem à saúde mental, se balizam pelo paradigma do conhecimento científico biomédico. Este é visto ainda como referência para os profissionais e é necessário para explicar e atuar sobre os diversos tipos de demanda. / The aim of the study was to understand how the mental health demands in primary care attention are being identified and managed by family health team professionals in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Specifically, we were wanted to understand how these professionals, in a multidisciplinary team, act in daily attention considering the fluidity in concepts of mental welfare / mental malaise and how they deal with signs and symptoms that are not limited to physiological frameworks and are also closely related to social and territorial issues. In group interviews with five teams, we identified some diagnostic mechanisms operated by these professionals to negotiate the framework of a demand as mental and, then, choose and offer referral to this. Ian Hackings concepts of dynamic nominalism and looping effect and Annemarie Mols concepts of enactment and logic of care were taken as benchmarks for analysis and discussion. Given the considerations, we found out that the notions about mental health in this sphere attention are traded by the mobilization of knowledge that are unofficial but already circulate among the professional team. Professionals operate manoeuvres of knowledge in accordance with the theoretical/practical and personal experience acquired, always in some way endorsed by or often "translated" to the scope of biomedicine. Consequently, the actions engendered are based on a classification and biomedical standard, albeit adapted to local peculiarities and forms of care that are possible for each team. These data indicate that even supposedly humane, interdisciplinary, territorialized and less medicalized actions for mental health in primary care are delineated by the biomedical paradigm of scientific knowledge. This is still seen as a reference for professionals and is necessary to explain and act on the various types of demand.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo do estudo foi compreender como as demandas em saúde mental na atenção básica estão sendo identificadas e encaminhadas pelos profissionais envolvidos nas equipes de saúde da família no município do Rio de Janeiro. Especificamente, buscamos compreender como estes profissionais, em uma equipe multidisciplinar, agem no cotidiano da atenção considerando a fluidez nos conceitos de bem-estar / mal-estar mental e como eles lidam com sinais e sintomas que não se resumem a quadros fisiológicos, mas estão estreitamente relacionados às questões sociais e territoriais. Em entrevistas em grupo com cinco equipes, identificou-se mecanismos de diagnóstico operados por estes profissionais para negociar o enquadramento da demanda como mental e, então, escolher e oferecer encaminhamento a esta. Foram tomados como referenciais de análise e discussão os conceitos de nominalismo dinâmico e looping effect, de Ian Hacking, e os conceitos de enactment e lógica do cuidado, de Annemarie Mol. Diante das considerações, percebeu-se que as noções sobre saúde mental nesta esfera de atenção vão sendo negociadas a partir da mobilização de conhecimentos não oficiais, porém já circulantes, entre os profissionais da equipe. Os profissionais operam manobras de conhecimento de acordo com o acervo teórico/prático e de experiência pessoal, sempre de alguma forma referendado ou muitas vezes "traduzido" pelo escopo da biomedicina. Consequentemente, as ações engendradas tem como base um padrão classificatório e biomédico, ainda que adaptado às singularidades locais e às formas de cuidado possíveis para cada equipe. Tais dados sinalizam que, mesmo supostamente humanizada, interdisciplinar, territorializada e menos medicalizada, as ações na atenção básica, no que se referem à saúde mental, se balizam pelo paradigma do conhecimento científico biomédico. Este é visto ainda como referência para os profissionais e é necessário para explicar e atuar sobre os diversos tipos de demanda. / The aim of the study was to understand how the mental health demands in primary care attention are being identified and managed by family health team professionals in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Specifically, we were wanted to understand how these professionals, in a multidisciplinary team, act in daily attention considering the fluidity in concepts of mental welfare / mental malaise and how they deal with signs and symptoms that are not limited to physiological frameworks and are also closely related to social and territorial issues. In group interviews with five teams, we identified some diagnostic mechanisms operated by these professionals to negotiate the framework of a demand as mental and, then, choose and offer referral to this. Ian Hackings concepts of dynamic nominalism and looping effect and Annemarie Mols concepts of enactment and logic of care were taken as benchmarks for analysis and discussion. Given the considerations, we found out that the notions about mental health in this sphere attention are traded by the mobilization of knowledge that are unofficial but already circulate among the professional team. Professionals operate manoeuvres of knowledge in accordance with the theoretical/practical and personal experience acquired, always in some way endorsed by or often "translated" to the scope of biomedicine. Consequently, the actions engendered are based on a classification and biomedical standard, albeit adapted to local peculiarities and forms of care that are possible for each team. These data indicate that even supposedly humane, interdisciplinary, territorialized and less medicalized actions for mental health in primary care are delineated by the biomedical paradigm of scientific knowledge. This is still seen as a reference for professionals and is necessary to explain and act on the various types of demand.

This thesis investigates the experiences and strategies of queer migrants seeking asylum in Sweden due to sexuality and/or gender identity. By conducting ethnographic fieldwork and biographical interviews within the RFSL Newcomers support network, the thesis analyses how queer migrants navigate the Swedish asylum apparatus. Building on recent research in queer migration studies, it explores how power relations related to class, gender and race affect queer migrants’ strategies. Applying Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network theory, the thesis furthermore analyses the queer migrants in an actor network together with RFSL Newcomers and the asylum apparatus as independent actors. This thesis additionally aims to contribute to the sociological debate on categorization and construction of identity using Ian Hacking’s concept of the looping effect. Lack of social capital, of not having the right networks, gendered possibilities of visibility and speaking about sexuality can establish obstacles for queer migrants in the credibility assessment and the success of the asylum claim. The asymmetric power relation forces queer migrants into conflicting strategies. Forced visibility and hyper hiding are strategies that are specifically produced in relation to the asylum apparatus creating gendered risk and precarious living conditions. This thesis concludes that queer migrants and the RFSL Newcomers network, in their asylum activism both challenge the asylum apparatus and Western narratives of LGBTQ identity. Nevertheless, RFSL and the queer migrants become complicit in the production of official essentialistic LGBTQ identities when navigating the asylum apparatus. By exploring the Swedish context of LGBTQ asylum and categorization of LGBTQ identity in the asylum process, this thesis contributes to the somewhat undertheorized field of queer migration in Swedish academia.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that results from the experience of a traumatic event. Natural kinds are mind-independent entities found in nature and are the objects of scientific inquiry. It is common to deny that PTSD is a natural kind, but extant denials assume a thesis of natural kinds that can be called “essentialism”. According to essentialism, many entities are not natural kinds that one would expect should be natural kinds. The homeostatic cluster view of natural kinds offers an alternative that accommodates these cases, including, superficially, the claim that PTSD is a natural kind. I introduce two novel objections to this claim and recommend a distinction aimed to resolve the newly introduced problems.

La criminalité sexuelle constitue aujourd’hui l’un des enjeux politiques et sociaux de nos sociétés contemporaines. Les débats auxquels elle donne lieu sont généralement l’occasion de souligner le rôle central des criminels sexuels récidivistes et de certains types de personnalités particulièrement dangereuses, parfois désignés sous le terme de « prédateurs sexuels », les plus dangereux étant les tueurs en série en raison de leur violence sexuelle meurtrière et les pédophiles en raison d’une inclination qui non seulement repousserait les limites de la morale en les amenant à s’en prendre à des enfants mais qui, de plus, pourrait participer, selon les théoriciens de l’abuseur-abusé, à reproduire un contingent d’agresseurs sexuels toujours plus important. Dans un tel contexte cette recherche doctorale a tout d’abord eu pour objectifs de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des catégories de tueur en série et de pédophile ; d’analyser ensuite comment un ensemble de pratiques et d'idées à-travers un processus de catégorisation sont amenées à être pensées comme relevant d'un problème plus large, en l’occurrence la criminalité sexuelle ; et, enfin, inspiré par l’approche de Ian Hacking des maladies mentales transitoires de mettre en évidence les effets de la catégorisation sur les individus ainsi catégorisés et l’action en retour de ces derniers sur les catégories. / Sex-related crime is currently one of the most concerning political and social issues of our day. The resulting debates usually highlight the central role of repeat sex offenders and a number of particularly dangerous types of personality, often referred to as “sexual predators”, the most dangerous of which are serial killers, who are responsible for sexual violence and death, and paedophiles. The latter display an inclination that far exceeds moral boundaries by targeting children as victims, and could also, according to the theorists of the abuser-abused relationship, reproduce a more significant contingent of sexual aggressors. Within this context, this doctoral research aims first to contribute towards a better understanding of serial killer and paedophile categories and, subsequently analyse how, through a long categorisation process, specific practices and ideas are considered relevant to the broader issues regarding sexual criminality. Finally, this research, inspired by Ian Hacking’s approach to transitory mental illness, seeks to underline the effects that categorisation has on the persons concerned, including the latter’s influence on the former.

(in English): The aim of the work is to reconstruct and interpret the method of historicized analysis and its employment to examine the phenomenon of "making up people". The concept is Hacking's description for the impact scientific classifications can have on classified people. The point of departure for the examination in the work is the thesis that historicized analysis employs the elements of philosophical conceptual analysis together with historical tools philosophy of science corroborates and whose strategies are often in opposition to the analytical tradition. As a follow-up of the main thesis the work also examines whether the historicized analysis can be understood as a history of the present. Moreover, it asks questions that come up in connection with the project of "making up people" such as: "What are the conditions for a scientific category to emerge? When categories emerge do new kinds of people emerge as well? What is the specific structure that enables the mutual interaction and effect scientific categories and classified people make? One of the aims will therefore be to elucidate to what extend the historicized analysis is able to answer those questions. Last but not least the work looks into the critical implications and usefulness of the method of historicized analysis.