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The project addresses in the theoretical part of the hydraulics of solar systems and her components, which are used to design a solar system on apartment house. Solar systém addresses praparation hot water in two variants of the solution. In the first alternative solution is used low flow and 15 l/hod.m2 support stratification. In the second variant is used higher flow 20 l/hod.m2 without support stratification. In the experimental part is solved by the data analysis of the same apartment building, where the solar system are already installed and operated. Some data from the measurement was taken into account and used in the design and calculation of both options.

As the human population increases, the way we use and manage our supply of drinking water becomes even more important. The purpose of this study was to determine residents’ satisfaction level of and performance rating of new water savings devices installed in their apartments. Specifically the investigation focused on ratings of shower heads, kitchen faucet aerators, bath faucet aerators, and fill valve and flapper systems. This quantitative survey included residents at 4 apartment complexes in Tennessee using a paper questionnaire (N = 626). The participants were grouped by age, ethnicity, gender, and whether or not they had experienced both nonrestrictive devices or restrictive low flow devices within their apartment. An independent samples t test was conducted from the research questions for each of these 4 groups. The testing variables for each group consisted of the overall performances of the low flow devices, and the satisfaction of the time to get hot water to shower heads and faucets. There was no significant difference between the 4 grouping variables; residents aged 62 and over compared to 61 and younger, males compared to females, whites compared to nonwhites, and those who had experienced both nonrestrictive and restrictive devices while living in the same apartment when compared to these variables; performance rating of low flow shower heads, kitchen faucet aerators, bath faucet aerators, and low flow toilet devices. The variables also included the satisfaction rating of the time needed to get hot water to the new low flow shower heads and kitchen and bath faucet aerators. These findings support the effort to save clean water and reduce water and sewer costs by installing low flow shower heads, bath and faucet aerators, and water saving toilets. Mean score suggest satisfactory ratings were encountered in every testing category and within every group. In particular, the satisfactory mean score of residents who experienced both nonrestrictive and low flow devices while in the same apartment led to the conclusion that the reduction of water can be achieved satisfactorily in all types of residences.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-05-10T17:08:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUANA BARBOSA 1.pdf: 2486825 bytes, checksum: 885c15dce91c22870f7b1742cfae2a55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T17:08:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUANA BARBOSA 1.pdf: 2486825 bytes, checksum: 885c15dce91c22870f7b1742cfae2a55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 / The environmental impact of a river basin is responsible for most socio-environmental problems of a municipality, since water resources are intrinsic to urbanization. This work aims to perform an environmental diagnosis in the Baixa Funda stream basin in the municipality of Araguaína-TO. The methodology used consisted of a bibliographical survey and observational field analysis with a quantitative and qualitative approach of 10 points, through geoprocessing and collection of water samples planned for the months of March and September of 2017, comprising the rainy season and the dry season. water collection at three points (P1, P7 and P10): upstream end, intermediate point of the channel and downstream end of the stream. Where laboratory physicochemical analysis was performed of the following parameters: water temperature, pH, Turbidity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total residue, dissolved oxygen (DO); Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms, which were analyzed in the rainy season and in the drought period of the stream. The results showed technogenic deposits, severe environmental impact, with irregular disposal of solid wastes often in fragments, such as plastics, various metals, household waste, sewage, among others. It was concluded that the anthropic action showed to be the main active agent in the removal of the vegetation cover, in soil and subsoil contamination, being active in the acceleration of processes such as erosion, sedimentation and degradation. It is essential to assess the environmental consequences, their impacts and propose short- , medium- and long-term solutions. The data presented demonstrate that the studied area is in the process of environmental degradation, according to physicochemical evaluation, which shows the contamination of the water in the evaluated points. / O impacto ambiental ocorrido em uma bacia hidrográfica é responsável pela maioria dos problemas socioambientais de um município, uma vez que os recursos hídricos estão intrínsecos à urbanização. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar diagnóstico ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Baixa Funda no município de Araguaína- TO. A metodologia utilizada constitui em levantamento bibliográfico e análise de campo observacional com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa de 10 pontos, através de geoprocessamento e coleta de amostras de água planejado para os meses de março e setembro de 2017, compreendendo o período chuvoso e de estiagem realizando a coleta de água em três pontos (P1, P7 e P10): extremidade montante, ponto intermediário do canal e extremidade jusante do córrego. Onde foi feito análise físicoquímica laboratorial dos seguintes parâmetros: temperatura da água, pH, Turbidez, Fósforo total, Nitrogênio total, Resíduo total, Oxigênio Dissolvido (OD); Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO), Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO), Coliformes Totais e Coliformes Termotolerantes, estes em análise no período chuvoso e no período de estiagem do córrego. Os resultados apresentados constataram depósitos tecnogênicos, impacto ambientais graves, com disposição irregular de resíduos sólidos frequentemente em fragmentos, como plásticos, metais diversos, lixo doméstico, esgoto, dentre outros. Conclui-se que a ação antrópica se mostrou como sendo o principal vetor atuante na remoção da cobertura vegetal, na contaminação do solo e subsolo, sendo atuante na aceleração de processos como: erosões, assoreamentos e degradação. É fundamental avaliar as consequências ambientais, seus impactos e propor soluções a curto, médio e longo prazo. Os dados apresentados demonstram que a área estudada se encontra em processo de degradação ambiental, conforme avaliação físico-química, que mostra a contaminação da água nos pontos avaliados.

Darbo tikslas - ištirti taršos veikiamų reguliuotų upelių savaiminio apsivalymo nuo organinių ir biogeninių medžiagų tendencijas vasaros–rudens sausmečio laikotarpiais atsižvelgiant į gamtines ir antropogenines sąlygas. Darbo rezultatų praktinė reikšmė - disertacijoje nustatytas matematines priklausomybes galima pritaikyti vertinant organinių ir biogeninių medžiagų koncentracijų pokyčius tolstant nuo sutelktosios taršos šaltinio ne tik tirtuose, bet ir kituose upeliuose, tekančiuose panašiomis sąlygomis. Pateiktos matematinės priklausomybės yra naudingos modeliuojant vandens kokybės pokyčius, vertinant išleidžiamų į upelį teršalų poveikį vandens ekosistemai, nustatant leistiną išleidžiamų į upelius teršalų kiekį. Darbo mokslinis naujumas - šiame darbe pirmą kartą Vidurio Lietuvos Nevėžio upės baseino reguliuotuose upeliuose (kai debitas vasaros–rudens sausmečio laikotarpiu mažesnis kaip 0,1 m3/s) nustatyta gyvenviečių (iki 2000 gyventojų) sąlyginė tarša ir vandens kokybės kitimo dinamika upeliuose tolstant nuo sutelktosios taršos šaltinio; nustatyti veiksniai, turintys esminės įtakos savaiminiam upelių apsivalymui nuo organinių ir biogeninių medžiagų, bei ištirti upelių savaiminio apsivalymo dėsningumai ir pateiktos matematinės priklausomybės, leidžiančios prognozuoti upelių savaiminio apsivalymo galimybes. / The target subject of the research – pollution of Nevėžis River sub-basin regulated streams by small settlements (max. 2,000 inhabitants) in Middle Lithuania and their self-purification processes during seasons of low-flow regime. Scientific novelty of the research – for the first time, this paper identifies a relative pollution by settlements (up to 2000 inhabitants) in Nevėžis River basin regulated rivers (at a river discharge less than 0.1 m3/s during seasons of low-flow regime in summer-autumn) in Middle Lithuania and water quality dynamics in streams, moving away from the point pollution source, identifies factors having substantial effect on stream self-purification from organic substances and nutrients, investigates patterns of the stream self-purification, and provides mathematical relations that allow forecasting stream self-purification capabilities. Practical value of research results – mathematical relations, defined in the dissertation, can be applied to the assessment of fluctuations in organic substances and nutrients concentrations, moving away from the point pollution source not only in the studied streams, but also in other ones flowing under similar conditions. The mathematical relations are useful for modelling water quality changes, for assessing an impact of pollutants, discharged into a stream, on the aquatic ecosystem, and for determining the permissible load of pollutants discharged into streams.

The target subject of the research – pollution of Nevėžis River sub-basin regulated streams by small settlements (max. 2,000 inhabitants) in Middle Lithuania and their self-purification processes during seasons of low-flow regime. Scientific novelty of the research – for the first time, this paper identifies a relative pollution by settlements (up to 2000 inhabitants) in Nevėžis River basin regulated rivers (at a river discharge less than 0.1 m3/s during seasons of low-flow regime in summer-autumn) in Middle Lithuania and water quality dynamics in streams, moving away from the point pollution source, identifies factors having substantial effect on stream self-purification from organic substances and nutrients, investigates patterns of the stream self-purification, and provides mathematical relations that allow forecasting stream self-purification capabilities. Practical value of research results – mathematical relations, defined in the dissertation, can be applied to the assessment of fluctuations in organic substances and nutrients concentrations, moving away from the point pollution source not only in the studied streams, but also in other ones flowing under similar conditions. The mathematical relations are useful for modelling water quality changes, for assessing an impact of pollutants, discharged into a stream, on the aquatic ecosystem, and for determining the permissible load of pollutants discharged into streams. / Darbo tikslas - ištirti taršos veikiamų reguliuotų upelių savaiminio apsivalymo nuo organinių ir biogeninių medžiagų tendencijas vasaros–rudens sausmečio laikotarpiais atsižvelgiant į gamtines ir antropogenines sąlygas. Darbo rezultatų praktinė reikšmė - disertacijoje nustatytas matematines priklausomybes galima pritaikyti vertinant organinių ir biogeninių medžiagų koncentracijų pokyčius tolstant nuo sutelktosios taršos šaltinio ne tik tirtuose, bet ir kituose upeliuose, tekančiuose panašiomis sąlygomis. Pateiktos matematinės priklausomybės yra naudingos modeliuojant vandens kokybės pokyčius, vertinant išleidžiamų į upelį teršalų poveikį vandens ekosistemai, nustatant leistiną išleidžiamų į upelius teršalų kiekį. Darbo mokslinis naujumas - šiame darbe pirmą kartą Vidurio Lietuvos Nevėžio upės baseino reguliuotuose upeliuose (kai debitas vasaros–rudens sausmečio laikotarpiu mažesnis kaip 0,1 m3/s) nustatyta gyvenviečių (iki 2000 gyventojų) sąlyginė tarša ir vandens kokybės kitimo dinamika upeliuose tolstant nuo sutelktosios taršos šaltinio; nustatyti veiksniai, turintys esminės įtakos savaiminiam upelių apsivalymui nuo organinių ir biogeninių medžiagų, bei ištirti upelių savaiminio apsivalymo dėsningumai ir pateiktos matematinės priklausomybės, leidžiančios prognozuoti upelių savaiminio apsivalymo galimybes.

Entering of thesis focuses on large-scale solar systems. Large solar-scale system will be used for heating water in public swimming pool. The pool is located in Brno - country. The pool is operated year-round. Great emphasis of the thesis is on the surface heat loss. Evaporation of water from the water surface is also applied in the experimental part of the thesis. In the calculations is used software for modeling the thermal microclimate of buildings and air conditioning design Teruna.

Wetlands within South Africa are an important source of water and nutrients necessary for biological productivity and often the survival of the local people. In a country where the rural communities depend on wetlands for their day to day provision of water, food and materials it has become necessary to understand the functions within wetland systems, so that proper conservation measures can be applied in order to protect and ensure the sustainable use of wetlands. Due to the fact that South Africa has a semi arid climate, thereby affecting the availability of water it is sensible that studies are under-taken in which, more is explored about the water resources, the protection as well as the sustainable use of the wetlands within the region. Despite the fact that the total area which wetlands cover in South Africa is relatively small, the functions which they provide is of fundamental magnitude not only to wildlife but also as an essential part of the human life support system. Wetlands have the ability to regulate regional flow regimes and are often situated in areas of impeded drainage, which may contribute to the regulation of water. It is thus plausible that if headwater/palustrine wetlands are destroyed, many of the streams and rivers which under normal circumstance are perennial, would not only become non- perennial but the consequence of a drought would be far more severe, as well as increasing the risk in flood damage further down the river. In Giants Castle Game Reserve, situated in the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg, several palustrine wetlands where studied to identify the geomorphic attributes which contribute to the origin and maintenance of these wetlands. An added motive for the study was the fact that, according to Ramsar, one of the reasons for conserving the Drakensberg wetlands is to ensure the maintenance and production of water quality to KwaZulu-Natal. Seven wetlands within the Boesmans river upper catchment were identified and studied. Soil investigations were undertaken in an effort to determine the driving forces behind the origin and maintenance, as well as to improve the understanding relating to the functioning of the wetlands. The geomorphic attributes which were identified as being important to the genesis and maintenance of wetlands were found to be the following: low relief, soil piping within wetlands, sediment trapping ability of wetlands, the surface roughness of wetlands, channeling within wetlands, organic matter accumulation as well as geological barriers within wetland system. The adaptability of Longmore’s (2001) Hydro-Geomorphic classification to different catchment areas was also tested and was found suitable for these wetlands, although the influence of piping on wetlands evidently requires further investigation and incorporation into classifications. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / MA / Unrestricted

The development of vascular replacement for low flow rates is a topical issue. The model for developing the development of replacement properties, which are based on the idea of assuming the characteristics of the biological model - vena saphena and programming these properties into a model of constructed replacement is one of the possible directions of development. The presented replacement, which is the result of the work of the author's team, consists of three parts - a non-absorbable scaffold representing the media, and two absorbable collagen layers - pseudointima and pseudoadventice. Target parameters of the prosthesis were determined by test results of the basic physical testing method - uniaxial tensile test and inflation-extension test, as well as other procedures in human saphenous specimens. The key issue is the technology of producing the collagen layer of the prosthesis. However, other manufacturing processes can also have a significant impact on vascular prosthesis properties, such as collagen hardening, antithrombogenic treatment of the inner surface of the vascular replacement, and the use of a sterilization method. Furthermore, the author deals with the development of a new female component of the three- layer vascular prosthesis of the Czech carp, which is characterized by lower...