Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Rodrigues Robson.pdf: 572502 bytes, checksum: 5afacedbe3b25a60fc72a8b215964082 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-25 / The majority of cardiovascular diseases cases occur in low and middle income countries. Even at high-income countries, heart diseases demands great economic resources. Thus, this work proposes a low-cost telemedicine application to collect, transmit and display ECG exams for cardiologists. To reduce the final cost, the system proposed here employs a data acquisition board based on low-cost microcontroller, low-cost PDA equipment with infrared interface and open source software. Costing 76% less than the revised commercial and academic equipments, the proposed system achieves or even surpasses their performance in resolution and signal quality. / A maior parte dos casos de ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares ocorre em países de baixa e média renda. Mesmo em países desenvolvidos, as doenças do coração exigem recursos econômicos elevados. Deste modo, este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de um sistema de telemedicina de baixo custo para a realização da coleta, transmissão e impressão do exame de eletrocardiograma. Para redução do custo final, o sistema proposto aqui se utiliza de uma placa de aquisição de dados baseada em um microcontrolador 8 bits de baixo custo, em um Assistente Pessoal Digital simples e desenvolvimento de softwares de código fonte aberto. Calculamos que o custo é em torno de 76% menor que a solução comercial disponível e trabalhos acadêmicos pesquisados.

This study examines the potential to conduct building thermal performance simulation (BPS) of unconditioned low-cost housing during the early design stages. By creating a set of regression models (meta-models) based on EnergyPlus simulations, this research aims to promote and simplify BPS in the building envelope design process. The meta-models can be used as tools adapted for three Brazilian cities: Curitiba, São Paulo and Manaus, providing decision support to designers by enabling rapid feedback that links early design decisions to the buildings thermal performance. The low-cost housing unit studied is a detached onestory house with an area of approximately 51m2, which includes two bedrooms, a combined kitchen and living room, and one bathroom. This representative configuration is based on collected data about the most common residence options in some Brazilian cities. This naturally ventilated residence is simulated in the Airflow Network module in EnergyPlus, which utilizes the average wind pressure coefficients provided by the software. The parametric simulations vary the house orientation, U-value, heat capacity and absorptance of external walls and the roof, the heat capacity of internal walls, the window-to-wall ratio, type of window (slider or casement), and the existence of horizontal and/or vertical shading devices with varying dimensions. The models predict the resulting total degree-hours of discomfort in a year due to heat and cold, based on comfort limits defined by the adaptive method for naturally ventilated residences according to ANSI ASHRAE Standard 55. The methodology consists of (a) analyzing a set of Brazilian low-cost housing projects and defining a geometric model that can represent it; (b) determining a list of design parameters relevant to thermal comfort and defining value ranges to be considered; (c) defining the input data for the 10.000 parametric simulations used to create and test the meta-models for each analyzed climate; (d) simulating thermal performance using Energy Plus; (e) using 60% of the simulated cases to develop the regression models; and (f) using the remaining 40% data to validate the meta-models. Except by Heat discomfort regression models for the cities of Curitiba and São Paulo the meta-models show R2 values superior to 0.9 indicating accurate predictions when compared to the discomfort predicted with the output data from EnergyPlus, the original simulation software. Meta-models application tests are performed and the meta-models show great potential to guide designers decisions during the early design. / Esta pesquisa avalia as potencialidades do uso de simulações do desempenho térmico (SDT) nas etapas iniciais de projetos de habitações de interesse social (HIS) não condicionadas artificialmente. Busca-se promover e simplificar o uso de SDT no processo de projeto da envolvente de edificações através da criação de modelos de regressão baseados em simulações robustas através do software EnergyPlus. Os meta-modelos são adaptados ao clima de três cidades brasileiras: Curitiba, São Paulo e Manaus, e permitem uma rápida verificação do desconforto térmico nas edificações podendo ser usados como ferramentas de suporte às decisões de projeto nas etapas iniciais. A HIS considerada corresponde a uma unidade térrea com aproximadamente 51m2, composta por dois quartos, um banheiro e cozinha integrada à sala de jantar. Esta configuração é baseada em um conjunto de projetos representativos coletados em algumas cidades brasileiras (como São Paulo, Curitiba e Manaus). Estas habitações naturalmente ventiladas são simuladas pelo módulo Airflow Network utilizando o coeficiente médio de pressão fornecido pelo EnergyPlus. As simulações consideram a parametrização da orientação da edificação, transmitância térmica (U), capacidade térmica (Ct) e absortância () das paredes externas e cobertura; Ct e U das paredes internas; relação entre área de janela e área da parede; tipo da janela (basculante ou de correr); existência e dimensão de dispositivos verticais e horizontais de sombreamento. Os meta-modelos desenvolvidos fornecem a predição anual dos graus-hora de desconforto por frio e calor, calculados com base nos limites de conforto definidos pelo método adaptativo para residências naturalmente ventiladas (ANSI ASHRAE, 2013). A metodologia aplicada consiste em: (a) análise de um grupo de projetos de HIS brasileiras e definição de um modelo geométrico que os represente; (b) definição dos parâmetros relevantes ao conforto térmico, assim como seus intervalos de variação; (c) definição dos dados de entrada para as 10.000 simulações paramétricas utilizadas na criação e teste de confiabilidade dos meta-modelos para cada clima analisado; (d) simulação do desempenho térmico por meio do software EnergyPlus; (e) utilização de 60% dos casos simulados para o desenvolvimento dos modelos de regressão; e (f) uso dos 40% dos dados restantes para testar a confiabilidade do modelo. Exceto pelos modelos para predição do desconforto por calor para Curitiba e São Paulo, os demais meta-modelos apresentaram valores de R2 superiores a 0.9, indicando boa adequação das predições de desconforto dos modelos gerados ao desconforto calculado com base no resultado das simulações no EnergyPlus. Um teste de aplicação dos meta-modelos foi realizado, demonstrando seu grande potencial para guiar os projetistas nas decisões tomadas durante as etapas inicias de projeto.

A carência habitacional é atualmente um dos maiores desafios urbanos para as políticas públicas das cidades brasileiras e deve impulsionar a busca de soluções tecnológicas para o desenvolvimento de habitações com baixo custo e desempenho satisfatório. Nesse contexto se insere o sistema construtivo de painéis monolíticos de concreto moldados in loco. Nesta pesquisa apresenta-se uma proposta de desenvolvimento de concretos destinados ao sistema construtivo de painéis monolíticos moldados in loco, tendo como referencial, além dos requisitos técnicos de trabalhabilidade, resistência mecânica e durabilidade, a influência dos painéis no desempenho térmico das habitações. Com isso, o desenvolvimento dos concretos assim como a definição de espessura do painel de vedação foi realizado, considerando as particularidades das oito diferentes zonas bioclimáticas brasileiras e as tipologias construtivas adotadas pela Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano (CDHU) e Caixa Econômica Federal (CEF). Por meio de simulações computacionais do desempenho térmico de edificações térreas (com laje plana, com laje inclinada e sem laje) e multipavimentos (cobertura e segundo pavimento), avaliaram-se as espessuras dos painéis (8, 10 e 12 cm) e as massas específicas dos concretos (1600, 1800, 2000, 2200 e 2400 kg/m³) adequadas em relação às características climáticas das localidades analisadas, utilizando como parâmetro a norma NBR 15575 Edifícios habitacionais de até cinco pavimentos - Desempenho, da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. A partir da avaliação do desempenho térmico das tipologias selecionadas, dentre os concretos e as espessuras de painéis analisadas, observou-se que as tipologias com painéis de concreto com massa específica de 2400 kg/m³ e com espessura de 12 cm foram as que apresentaram os melhores resultados para as oito regiões bioclimáticas analisadas. / Nowadays, the lack of housing has been one of the biggest urban challenges to the Brazilian public policies and should impel the search for technological solutions by the development of housings with low-cost and satisfactory performance. In this context is the constructive system of cast-in-place monolithic panels of concrete. This dissertation presents a proposal for the development of concretes destined to the system having the technical requirements of workability, mechanical resistance and durability, and the influence of the panels peculiarities on the thermal performance of the housings as reference. Herewith, the development of concretes as well as the panels thicknesses definition has been realized, considering the particularities of the eight different Brazilian climate zones, and the constructive typologies used by the Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano do Estado de São Paulo (CDHU) and Caixa Econômica Federal (CEF). By means of computational simulations of thermal performance of one-storey (with plane and inclined slabs, and without slab) and multi-storey (last and second floors) constructive typologies, the suitable panels thicknesses (8, 10 and 12 cm) and concretes densities (1600, 1800, 2000, 2200 and 2400 kg/m³) in relation to the climatic characteristics of the analyzed places were determined, having the standard NBR 15575 Residential buildings up to five storied Performace of the Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas as parameter. Starting from the evaluation of the thermal performance of the selected typologies, among concretes and panels thickness analyzed, the use of concretes panels with densities of 2400 kg/m³ and thicknesses of 12 cm has been presented better results for the eight Brazilian climate zones.

Submitted by Maria Beatriz Vieira (mbeatriz.vieira@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T13:36:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_rafael_galli.pdf: 1784612 bytes, checksum: 53c4719f6d1fddfd10b5cf2af2a61308 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T14:10:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_rafael_galli.pdf: 1784612 bytes, checksum: 53c4719f6d1fddfd10b5cf2af2a61308 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T14:13:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_rafael_galli.pdf: 1784612 bytes, checksum: 53c4719f6d1fddfd10b5cf2af2a61308 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T14:13:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_rafael_galli.pdf: 1784612 bytes, checksum: 53c4719f6d1fddfd10b5cf2af2a61308 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-17 / Sem bolsa / O presente trabalho foi realizado como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar um sistema eletrônico, que permita a supervisão e armazenamento de dados em um silo de secagem, visando um sistema confiável e de baixo custo, que permita sua implantação em propriedades de pequeno porte ou mesmo de grande porte. Um sistema de fácil implementação e de simples operação. O sistema é composto de placas de aquisição microprocessadas, que durante a secagem do produto realizam aquisição de temperatura em três níveis, topo, centro e base dos silos, como também da umidade relativa do ar de entrada e saída, transmitindo estas informações para uma central (computador), via Bluetooth onde as mesmas são armazenadas para posterior análise. / This study aimed to develop and evaluate an electronic system, that allows monitoring and data storage in a silo drying, seeking a reliable and low cost system that allows its deployment in small or even large industrial plants. A system of easy implementation and simple operation. The system consists of microprocessor acquisition boards that during drying of the product perform temperature acquisition in three levels, top, middle and base of the silos, as well as the relative humidity input and output, transmitting this information for a central (computer) via Bluetooth where they are stored for later analysis.

This research proposes a socially sustainable impact sourcing model (SSISM), pertinent to the field of socially responsible outsourcing and offers recommendations for integrating immigrants in Sweden by using this model. The model brings businesses, communities and people together to create benefits for all stakeholders in a sustainable way.   Sweden has a long history of accepting immigrants, yet, has a comparably low success rate of integrating non-Swedish people into society. If SSISM is applied in Sweden, there is a potential for businesses to save money, for challenges like the integration problem to be mitigated, and for communities to benefit from an increased tax base as well as building stronger, more diverse communities.   The universal model for SSISM was developed through the analysis of existing practices and the use of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD), a sustainability planning tool. The research process included informal interviews with businesses, communities and government agencies, formal interviews with businesses, and a survey with immigrants. The interviews and survey helped maintain relevance to the Swedish context and identified potential obstacles and enablers for implementation. From the results, recommendations on how to best apply the model for integrating immigrants into Sweden were developed in the discussion.

This thesis is divided into 5 chapters. In the fist chapter is generally described marketing of services and contemporary situation of air transport on the Czech market. Next chapters discuss the history, SWOT analysis and marketing strategies of low cost carriers, Lufthansa and ČSA. In the last, fifth chapter, is accomplished the comparison of the above-mentioned airlines according to their marketing strategies and Skytrax Research and is forshown the future development.

L’électronique organique connaît depuis ces dernières années un fort développement. Le CEA LITEN dispose d’une technologie d’impression par sérigraphie de transistors de type N et de type P sur une même plaque, permettant de créer des circuits complémentaires. Les performances et les limitations de cette technologie ont été étudiées, l’un des objectifs principaux de cette thèse étant de réaliser une étude concernant la faisabilité d’une étiquette RFID entièrement réalisée en technologie organique imprimée. Une telle étiquette, en plus d’être flexible, possèderait un coût de fabrication extrêmement bas.Des blocs entiers couramment utilisés dans les circuits RFID et comportant jusqu’à 50 transistors sont conçus et testés, montrant des performances supérieures ou au niveau de l’état de l’art dans ce domaine. La technologie organique imprimée n’étant pas aussi mature que celle utilisée dans la filière semi-conductrice classique, une étude est également menée concernant les effets de la dispersion du procédé de fabrication et du vieillissement sur les performances des circuits. Des pistes seront ainsi définies sur les paramètres (fiabilité, mobilité dans les semi-conducteurs organiques, taille des dispositifs…) à améliorer pour permettre à l’électronique organique de venir concurrencer l’industrie du silicium. / During the past few years, the field of organic electronics has known an important development. The CEA LITEN is able to manufacture N-type and P-type screen-printed transistors on a same plastic sheet, enabling the design of complementary circuits. The performances and limitations of this technology are studied since one of this thesis’ main objectives is to determine the feasibility of a fully-printed organic RFID tag. Such a tag would be flexible and could be manufactured at an extremely low-cost. Some circuits commonly used in the RFID tags, and using up to 50 transistors, are designed and tested, showing some performances equivalent or above the reported latest developments. The organic electronics manufacturing process is not as mature as the one used in the classical silicon industry. Therefore, a study is performed concerning the effects of this process scattering, as well as the ageing, on the circuits’ performances. The main improvements (in terms of reliability, organic semi-conductor mobility, size) that can help the organic electronics in order to compete, one day, with the silicon industry, are discussed.

D.Litt et Phil. / The number of slums and squatter settlements is rising globally; this is recognised as a significant problem as many of the urban poor find housing in these settlements. With the expanding slum settlements comes a serious problem for many developing nations, that of finding a mechanism to improve these informal developments. These settlements are a symptom of poor urban governance and lack of financial resources causing the urban poor to be pushed into these dwellings and find themselves on the periphery of urban society, not only geographically but socially, economically and legally. Upgrading, integration and legalisation of these housing types is necessary if these peripheral suburbs are to be developed formally. Although many governments have tried top-down approaches of upgrade, these approachs have often failed to produce results as slum upgrades often lead to displacement of the original inhabitants who are ousted into areas even further to the periphery of urban centres. This thesis looks at alternatives to viewing settlements on the urban fringe as a quandary, by using a neoliberal theoretical framework (despite its many flaws), informal property markets in townships in Johannesburg, South Africa can be seen as a catalyst for wealth creation and local economic development. This is particularly important given the historical context of apartheid in South Africa and the segregation of the majority of the population into racially exclusive slums. The post-apartheid government has rallied to improve the lives of this group of poor and dispossessed people with the provision of decent housing a key aspect of this process. A neoliberal framework for economic development was embarked upon in South Africa, with the introduction of neoliberal economic policy (namely GEAR) in 1998, South Africa embarked on a process of reform to encourage market growth. This manifest itself in the ‘Breaking New Ground’ housing policy which adopted a neoliberal stance on Housing provision, and although not removing the role of government in providing low-cost housing, it strives for a market driven housing solution. With a shortage of over 1 million houses in the city, there should be every potential market orientated low-cost housing sector, yet capital within this property sector is often referred to as dead capital with no intrinsic value. This thesis challenges that view by determining the existence of Crisylida capital in township property assets. Crisylida capital is virgining capital in the low-cost property market that could lead to the accumulation of asset capital within this property group, estimated value of Crisylida capital in Johannesburg alone is R6.3 billion. Residents in low-cost housing in Township suburbs in Johannesburg recognise economic value in their dwelling, with only 21% of participants valuing their property at less than R10 000. Further, real estate agents working the township real estate market estimate that just over 50% of properties in these areas are valued at over R200 000. Within this property environment, security of tenure plays an important role in creating not only wealth creation but equally a sense of community ownership. Houses with tenure saw 37% of respondents interested or actively participating in community projects, this compared to 13% of respondents without tenure. This thesis points to a new understanding of low-cost property in Johannesburg, South Africa as a potential market worth billions of Rands that could inject wealth into the hands of marginalised communities. This in turn could assist in fostering sustainable socio-economic urban community within disenfranchised township suburbs.

[EN] The present PhD thesis is centred in the design (using concepts of supramolecular chemistry), synthesis and characterization of different hybrid organic-inorganic materials for boron removal from aqueous media. The interaction between boron and organic groups, polyols, used in the development of these new adsorbents is also studied. In the first part of the thesis it is presented a brief review of supramolecular chemistry concepts, chemistry of boron and also the main methods for boron removal (first chapter) and, also, the objectives of this thesis (second chapter). The third chapter exposes the results obtained by using a ceramic foam as macroscopic support for active materials for boron removal. This support is previously "impregnated" with an inorganic silica mesoporous material (UVM-7) and, in a second step, it is functionalized with an organic group with high boron affinity (gluconamide). This organic group, which works as an adsorbent, remains anchored to a macroscopic support, which will facilitate the use of these materials in industrial applications. Once the material is synthetized their boron adsorption and elimination abailability in aqueous media is studied and its ulterior reutilization. The fourth chapter of the PhD thesis is focused on the preparation of low cost materials for boron adsorption from water. In first place, it is used, as inorganic scaffolding, UVM-7 material, a mesoporous silica phase with a bimodal pore system. This material has a high boron adsorption capacity after its functionalization with the polyalcohol (as it is shown in the previous chapter) nevertheless, the reagents used in the synthesis tetraethylorthosilicate, as silica source, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, as templating agent are so expensive that they induce a high cost of final materials. In this chapter is presented as an alternative another materials which are able to perform as inorganic scaffolds: UVM-11 (surfactant-free mesoporous material), two silica xerogels with pores within the mesoporous range and comercial high surface area silica fume were prepared. Once all the materials are synthetized they are functionalized with gluconamides which are the active compounds for boron adsorption. Finally, a comparative study of the boron adsorption capacities in water is carried out. Low cost materials present comparable boron removal to those of higher cost and comercially abailable materials. Finally, in the fith chapter of this PhD thesis, the adsorption mechanism of boron on the active materials (based on UVM-7 as inorganic support) is studied using solid Nuclear Magnetic Resonance measures of 11B and 13C and using techniques as Magic Angle Sppining, crossed polarization and heteronuclear polarization disacoplament. To do that, a hybrid material composed by UVM-7 matrix grafted with gluconamide is prepared and then the solid is put in contact with different boron quantities. Final solids are characterized through 13C and 11B NMR, showing the formation of boronesters between gluconamide diol groups and boron adsorbed. When low boron concentration is used, bisquelate complexes are formed (B:glucosa = 1:2), however with higher concentrations monoquelate complexes are formed (B:glucosa = 1:1). This work was carried out in collaboration with the research group of "sol-gel materials and NMR", appertaining to the center of "Chimie de la matière condensée de Paris" of the "Université Pierre et Marie Curie". / [ES] La presente tesis doctoral está dedicada al diseño (empleando conceptos de química supramolecular), síntesis y caracterización de diferentes materiales híbridos orgánico-inorgánicos para la eliminación de boro en medios acuosos. También se ha procedido a estudiar detalladamente la interacción del boro con las agrupaciones orgánicas, polialcoholes, empleadas en el desarrollo de estos nuevos adsorbentes. En la primera parte de la tesis de presenta una introducción en la que se revisa los conceptos de química supramolecular, química del boro y los principales métodos de eliminación de boro (primer capítulo) y, también, se exponen los objetivos de la tesis (segundo capítulo). Ya en el tercer capítulo se exponen los resultados obtenidos empleando una esponja cerámica como soporte macroscópico para los materiales activos frente a la eliminación de boro. Este soporte se "impregnan" previamente con un material inorgánico silíceo mesoporoso (UVM-7) y, en una fase posterior, se funcionaliza con un grupo orgánico con alta afinidad hacia el boro (gluconamida). El grupo orgánico que funcionará como adsorbente queda así anclado a un soporte de tamaño macroscópico que facilitará la aplicación de estos materiales a gran escala. Una vez preparado y caracterizado se estudió la capacidad del material para adsorber y eliminar boro de medios acuosos y su posterior reutilización. En el cuarto capítulo de la tesis doctoral se aborda la preparación de materiales adsorbentes de bajo coste económico para la eliminación de boro en medios acuosos. En primer lugar se emplea, como soporte inorgánico, UVM-7 una sílice mesoporosa con un sistema bimodal de poros. Este material tiene una capacidad de adsorción de boro muy elevada una vez funcionalizado con el correspondiente polialcohol (tal y como se expone en el capítulo anterior) sin embargo los reactivos para su síntesis tetraetilortosilicato como fuente de sílice y bromuro de cetiltrimetilamonio como agente director de estructura son muy caros con lo que el material final presenta un elevado coste. En este capítulo se presenta como alternativa otros materiales que puedan actuar como soportes inorgánicos: UVM-11, material mesoporoso que no requiere de agente director de estructura en su síntesis, dos xerogeles con poros en el rango meso y una sílice comercial nanoparticulada de elevada superficie específica. Una vez sintetizados y caracterizados los cinco soportes se funcionalizaron con gluconamidas, que son los componentes activos frente a la adsorción de boro. Finalmente, se realiza un estudio comparativo de la capacidad de eliminación de boro de los cinco materiales preparados. Los materiales de bajo coste estudiados presentan una capacidad de eliminación de boro comparable a los materiales de mayor coste y a los materiales comercialmente disponibles. Por último, en el capítulo cinco de esta tesis doctoral, se aborda el estudio del mecanismo de adsorción del boro en los materiales activos preparados (basados en UVM-7 como soporte inorgánico) mediante medidas de resonancia magnética nuclear de sólidos, tanto de 13C como de 11B empleando las técnicas de rotación en ángulo mágico, polarización cruzada, y el desacoplamiento dipolar heteronuclear. Para ello se prepara un material híbrido formado por una matriz de UVM-7 funcionalizada con gluconamidas y este sólido se pone en contacto con diferentes cantidades de boro. Los sólidos finales se caracterizan mediante RMN de 13C y de 11B, observándose la formación de boroesteres entre los grupos diol de las gluconamidas ancladas y el boro adsorbido. Cuando la concentración de boro empleada es baja se forman complejos bisquelados (B:glucosa = 1:2) mientras que a concentraciones altas empiezan a formarse complejos monoquelados (B:glucosa = 1:1). Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en colaboración con el grupo de investigación de "Materiales sol-gel y RMN", perteneciente al centro "Chimie de la matiè / [CAT] La present tesi doctoral està dedicada al disseny (empleant conceptes de química supramolecular), síntesi i caracterització de diferents materials híbrids orgànico-inorgànics per a la el¿liminació de bor en medi aquòs. També s'ha precedit a estudiar detalladament la interacció del bor amb les agrupacions orgàniques, polialcohols, empreats en el desenvolupament d'aquestos nous adsorbents. En la primera part de la tesi es presenta una introducció en la que es revisen els conceptes de química supramolecular, química del bor i els principals mètodes de el¿liminació de bor (primer capítol) i, també, s'exposen els objectius de la tesi (segon capítol). Ja en el tercer capítol s'exposen els resultats obtinguts empreant una esponja ceràmica com a suport macroscòpic per als materials actius front a l'el¿liminació del bor. Aquest suport s'impregna prèviament amb un material inorgànic de sílice mesoporós (UVM-7) i, en una següent fase, es funcionalitza amb un grup orgànic amb alta afinitat cap al bor (gluconamida). El grup orgànic que funcionarà com a adsorbent queda aixina anclat a un suport de tamany macroscòpic que facil¿litarà l'aplicació d'aquestos materials a gran escala. Una vegada preparat i caracteritzat s'estudia la capacitat del material per a adsorber i el¿liminar bor en medi aquós i la seua posterior reutilització. Al quart capítol de la tesi doctoral s'aborda la preparació de materials adsorbents de baix cost econòmic per a l'eliminació de bor en medi aquòs. En primer lloc, s'empra, com a suport inorgànic, UVM-7 una sílice mesoporosa amb un sistema bimodal de porus. Aquest material té una capacitat d'adsorció molt elevadadeprés de la seua funcionalització amb el corresponent polialcohol (tal i com s'exposa al capítol anterior), no obstant això els reactius que s'utilitzen per a la seua síntesi tetraetilortosilicat com a font de sílice i bromur de cetiltrimetilamoni com agent director d'estructura són molt cars, per tant el material final presenta un elevat cost. En aquest capítol es presenta com alternativa altres materials que puguen actuar com a suports inorgànics: UVM-11, material mesoporòs que no requereix d'agent director d'estructura durant la seua síntesi, dos xerogels en porus en el rang meso i una sílice comercial nanoparticulada amb elevada superficie específica. Una vegada sintetitzats i caracteritzats els cinc suports es funcionalitzen en gluconamides, que són els components actius front a la adsorció de bor. Finalment, es realitza un estudi comparatiu de la capacitat d'el¿liminació de bor dels cinc materials preparats. Els materials de baix cost estudiats presenten una capacitat de eliminació de bor semblant als materials de major cost i als materials comercialment disponibles. Per últim, al capítol cinc d'aquesta tesi doctoral, s'aborda l'estudi del mecanisme d'adsorció de bor als materials actius preparats (basats en UVM-7 com a suport inorgànic) mitjançant medides de resonància magnética nuclear de sólids, tant de 13C com de 11B emprant tècniques de rotació en àngul màgic, polarització creuada, i el desacoplament dipolar heteronuclear. Per a ell es prepara un material híbrid format per una matriu de UVM-7 funcionalitzada amb gluconamides i aquest sòlid es posa en contacte amb diferents quantitats de bor. Els sòlids finals es caracteritzen mitjançant RMN de 13C i de 11B observant-se la formació de borésters entre els grups diol de les gluconamides anclades i el bor adsorbit. Quan la concentració de bor emprada és baixa es formen complexos bisquelats (B:glucosa = 1:2) mentre que a concentracions més altes comencen a formar-se complexos monoquelats (B:glucosa = 1:1). Aquest treball és va realitzar ne col¿laboració amb el grup d'investigació de "Materials sol-gel i RMN", perteneixent al centre "Chimie de la matière condensée de Paris" de la "Université Pierre et Marie Curie". / Sanfeliu Cano, C. (2016). Organic-inorganic hybrid materials for boron removal from aqueous media [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63277 / TESIS

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