This work aims to analyze the production of digital video as ludic tool as well as to investigate its role on the cognitive function. The activity of amateur digital video production was developed at the Instituto Federal de Alagoas - Campus Murici, being done with a group of students from the 2nd year of high school integrated. This choice was due to be in class when the proponent of the study teaches. A class containing 19 students, produced eight videos, which were objects of analysis in this dissertation. The results show that all experiments made use of simple materials and found easily, and provide fun and pleasure.Freedom, willingness and creativity in the production of the videos were striking features and observed that activity. The production of the videos allowed the demonstration of the students from the concrete, common sense, and his language to more rigorous discussion of chemical knowledge involved in an activity with great potential for learning by engaging students cognitively and playfully. Thus, it was possible to explore the involvement of teacher subject to foster discussion of scientific knowledge, making the analysis and discussion of videos a moment of formative assessment and knowledge production. / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo compreender as contribuições ao caráter lúdico e à aprendizagem em química de uma proposta de ensino baseada na produção de vídeos digitais amadores de experimentos por estudantes de Ensino Médio. Para isso foi realizada a análise fílmica, incluindo - a função lúdica e a análise químico-conceitual dessa atividade, e a investigação a respeito do envolvimento dos sujeitos no ciclo gnosiológico freiriano. A atividade de produção de vídeo digital amador foi desenvolvida no Instituto Federal de Alagoas - Campus Murici, sendo realizado com uma turma de alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio Integrado. Essa escolha ocorreu por ser turma em que a proponente do estudo leciona. A turma, contendo 19 alunos, produziu quatro vídeos, os quais foram objetos de análise na presente dissertação. Os resultados evidenciam que todos os experimentos recorreram a materiais simples e facilmente encontrados, além de proporcionarem o divertimento e o prazer. A liberdade, a voluntariedade e a criatividade na produção dos vídeos também foram características marcantes e observadas na realização da atividade. A produção dos vídeos possibilitou a manifestação dos estudantes a partir do concreto, do senso comum e de sua linguagem para a discussão mais rigorosa do conhecimento químico em questão em uma atividade com grande potencialidade à aprendizagem por envolver cognitivamente e ludicamente os estudantes.

Cette thèse propose une repréesentation de la notion de type, avec un intérêt particulier pour les types d'ependants, en Ludique.La Ludique est une th'eorie introduite par Girard. Elle vient d'une fine analyse du fragment multiplicative, additive polarisé de la Logique Linéaire (MALL_p). Un des ses buts est de reconstruire la logique à partir de la notion d'intéraction. Un type est une classe d'objets qui se comportent de la m^eme fac{c}on par rapport aux autres objets. La notion de type est commune à plusieurs domaines comme la Théorie de la Calculabilité, la Sémantique des Jeux et la Théorie Intuitioniste de Types de Martin-Lof. Avec la terminologie de Martin-Lof, le termes canoniques d'un type sont les éléments primitives du type, c'est à dire les objets qui le caractérisent. Les termes non canoniques sont les termes obtenu appliquant une opération aux termes canoniques et une fois calculés donnent un terme canonique. Les termes sont vu comme des programmes et deux termes sont égaux quand leur calcul donne le même résultat, c'est à dire le même terme canonique. On introduit la notion de comportement principal, qui est bien adapté à la représentation des termes canoniques. On introduit aussi la notion de comportement séparable, qui nous donne un outil pour définir les fonctions de manière simple.On représente les nombres naturelles, les listes, les records, les fonctions dépendantes, les couples et on discutes les records dépendantes.On se focalise après sur la Théorie de Martin-Lof pour proposer une représentation de certaines types de base et constructions. / This thesis proposes a representation of the notion of type, with a particular interest on dependent types, in Ludics.Ludics is a theory introduced by Girard cite{LocSol}. It comes from a fine analysis of the multiplicative, additive fragment of polarized Linear Logic (MALL_p). One of its aim is to reconstruct logic from the notion of interaction. A type is a class of objects that behave in the same way with respect to other objects.The notion of type is common to several domains as Computation Theory, Game Semantics and Martin-Lof's Intuitionistic Type Theory.Using the terminology of Martin-Lof, the canonical terms of a type are the primitive elements of the type, that is the objects that characterize it. The non-canonical terms are the terms obtained by applying some operations on canonical terms and that once computed give a canonical term. Terms are seen as programs and two terms are equal when their computation gives the same result, that is the same canonical term.We introduce the notion of principal behaviour, that is well-suited to represent canonical terms. We introduce also the notion of separable behaviour, that gives us a tool to define functions in a simple way.We represent natural numbers, lists, records, dependent functions, pairs and discuss dependent record types. We focus then on Martin-Lof's Type Theory and propose a representation for some basic types and constructions.

Text in Afrikaans / Abstracts in Afrikaans, English and seSotho / Die ikoniese konsep van die spelende mens (homo ludens) - soos verwoord deur Johan Huizinga – verkry opnuut trefkrag weens ʼn hedendaagse bekoring met virtuele spel. Nel (2014; 2015a; 2015b), Burger (2013), Viljoen (2011; 2013), Anker (2011) en Barnes (2014) bevind dat die eietydse fassinasie met ludieke spel uitdrukking vind in die narratiewe struktuur van verskeie Afrikaanse literêre tekste. Hierdie navorsingsverslag fokus op drie kritieke ontwikkelingsfases van spel: pre-Huizinga, Huizinga en post-Huizinga. Rigtinggewende antieke Griekse spelkonsepte van Heraklitus en Plato, waarop voortgebou is deur Huizinga (1949; 1951), asook die revisionistiese idees van Caillois (1961) word benut as teoretiese steierwerk vir ʼn lesing van die literêre speldiskoers in Klimtol (Van Heerden 2013); Afstande (Sleigh 2010) en Sirkusboere (Loots 2011). Die beskrywing en interpretasie van spelmerkers lei daartoe dat nie net die narratiewe struktuur ín die romans nie, maar ook die romans sélf, as vorm van kultuurskeppende spel beskou kan word. / Due to contemporary fascination with virtual games, the seminal concept of the playing person (homo ludens) − as articulated by Huizinga – has regained prominence. Nel (2014; 2015a; 2015b), Burger (2013), Viljoen (2011; 2013), Anker (2011) and Barnes (2014) observe a preoccupation with ludics in the narrative structure of various Afrikaans literary texts. This report focuses on three critical developmental stages of play: pre-Huizinga, Huizinga and post-Huizinga. Classic hypotheses by Heraclitus and Plato that manifested in Huizinga's (1949; 1950) notions on the play-element in culture as well as revisionist ideas by Caillois (1961) will be utilised as theoretical framework for an exploration of the ludic discourse in Klimtol (Van Heerden 2013), Afstande (Sleigh 2010) and Sirkusboere (Loots 2011). The description and interpretation of various play markers signify that not only the narrative structure of the novels, but the novels themselves, might be regarded as ludic play that shapes culture. / Ka ntlha ya kgatlhego ya ga jaana ya metshamekopono, mogopolo wa boitshimololedi wa motho yo o tshamekang (homo ludens) - jaaka o tlhalositswe ke Huizinga – o boetse o botlhokwa. Nel (2014; 2015a; 2015b), Burger (2013), Viljoen (2011; 2013), Anker (2011) le Barnes (2014) ba ela tlhoko metshamekwane ya popego ya puo mo dikwalong di le mmalwa tsa Afrikaans. Pegelo eno e totile dikgato di le tharo tsa botlhokwa tsa go gola ga motshameko: pele ga Huizinga, ka nako ya Huizinga le morago ga Huizinga. Tiori ya tlelasiki ya ga Heraclitus le Plato e e tlhageletseng mo megopolong ya ga Huizinga (1949; 1950) e e malebana le elemente ya motshameko mo setsong gammogo le megopolo ya poeletso ya ga Caillois (1961) di tlaa dirisiwa jaaka letlhomeso la tiori go sekaseka puisano e e ka ga motshamekwane mo Klimtol (Van Heerden 2013), Afstande (Sleigh 2010) le Sirkusboere (Loots 2011). Tlhaloso le thanolo ya batlhami ba ba farologaneng ba metshameko e bontsha gore fa se fela popego ya kanelo ya dipadi e e bopang setso, mme dipadi ka botsona di ka tsewa e le metshamekwana e e bopang setso. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)